GROWING GOURMET - Anto2ni.it

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522 GLOSSARY gypsum: calcium sulfate: CaSO4 x 2 H20. A buffer used in spawn making to keep grain kernels separated. Calcium sulfate slightly lamellulae: the short gills, originating from the edge of the outer peripheral edge of cap but not fully extending to the stem. acidifies a substrate as sulphuric acids lignicolous: growing on wood or a substrate evolve. composed of woody tissue. H lignin: the organic substance which, with cellulose, forms the structural basis of most heterothallic: having two or more morphologi- cally similar pairs of strains within the same species. The combination of compatible spore types is essential for producing fertile offspring. homothallic: having one strain type that is dikaryotic and self-fertile, typically of mushrooms which produce two spores on a woody tissue. lumen: the amount of the flow of light emitted from a single international foot candle. lux: a measurement of light received by a sur- faceequalto liumenatadistanceofi meter over a surface area of 1 square meter. basidium. hygrophanous: fading markedly in color upon drying. hymenium: the fertile outer layer of cells from which basidia, cystidia and other cells are produced. hymenophore: the fertile portion of the mushroom bearing the hymenium. macroscopic: visible to the naked eye. membranous: being sheath-like in form. meiosis: the process of reduction division by which a single cell with a diploid nucleus subdivides into four cells with one haploid nucleus each. mesophile: an organism thriving in moderate temperature zone, usually between 40-90° E hypha, hyphae (p1.): the individual fungal cell. (4-32° C.) hyphal aggregates: visible clusters of hyphae, resembling cottony tufts of mycelium, often preceding but not necessarily leading to primordia formation. hyphosphere: the microscopic environment in direct proximity to the hyphae. K micron: 1,000,000th of a meter. mitosis: the non-sexual process of nuclear division in a cell by which the chromosomes of one nucleus are replicated and divided equally into two daughter nuclei. monokaryon: the haploid state of the mushroom mycelium, typically containing one karyogamy: the fusion of two sexually oppo- site nuclei within a single cell. L nucleus. monomitic: fungal flesh consisting only of thin walled, branched and narrow (generative) hyphae. lageniform: thin and sinuous mycelium: a fungal network of thread-like lamellae: the gills of a mushroom, located on cells. the underside of the cap. mycology: the study of fungi. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
mycophagist: a person or animal that eats fungi. mycophile: a person who likes mushrooms. mycophobe: a person who fears mushrooms. mycorrhizal: a symbiotic state wherein mushroom mycelium forms on or in the roots of trees and other plants. mycosphere: the environment in which the mycelium operates. mycotopia: a term coined by Paul Stamets to describe an environment in which fungi are actively used to enhance and/or preserve ecological equilibrium. N natural culture: the cultivation of mushrooms outdoors, benefitting from natural weather conditions. nucleus: a concentrated mass of differentiated protoplasm in cells containing chromosomes and playing an integral role in the reproduction and continuation of genetic material. 0 oidia: conidia (spores) borne in chains. P pan/panning: the die-back of mycelium caused by a variety a reasons, primarily sudden drying after wetting. parasite: an organism living on another living species and deriving its sustenance to the detriment of the host. partial veil: the inner veil of tissue extending from the cap margin to the stem and at first covering the gills of mushrooms. pasteurization: the rendering of a substrate to a state where competitor organisms are at a disadvantage, allowing mushroom mycelium GLOSSARY 523 to flourish. Steam or hot water is usually used; biological and chemical pasteurization are alternative methods. phenotype: the observable physical characteristics expressed from the genotype. photosensitive: sensitive to light. phototropic: growing towards light. pileocystidia: sterile cells on the surface of the cap. pileus: the mushroom cap. pinhead: a dot-like form which develops into a mushroom.The pinhead is the earliest, visible indication of mushroom formation. pleurocystidium, pleurocystidia (p1.): the sterile cells on the surface of mushroom gills, distinguished from those sterile cells occurring on their outer edges. primordium, primordia: the mushroom at the earliest stage of growth, synonymous with "pinhead". See Pages 68, 114. psilocybian: containing psilocybin and/or psilocin. R radicate: tapering downwards downwards. Having a long root-like extension of the stem. rhizomorph: a thick string-like strand of mycelium. A rhizomorph can consist of one enlarged cell or many, usually braided. the space encompassing the rhizomorph or the zone around the roots of plants. S saprophyte: an organism that lives on dead organic matter. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
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GROWING GOURMET and MEDICINAL MUSHR
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This book should help advance the c
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GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHR
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CHAPTER 1 Mushrooms, Civilization &
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Immortality (1976) where he postula
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CHAPTER 2 The Role of Mushrooms in
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tive species and planted in plots s
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ducing organ: the mushroom. Further
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fungi first to capture a twig, a bl
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The Global Environmental Shift and
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nm peroxidases and cellulases which
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CHAPTER 3 S electing a Candidate fo
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SELECTING A CANDIDATE FOR CULTIVATI
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N atural CHAPTER 4 Natural Culture:
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NATURAL CULTURE: CREATING MYCOLOGIC
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CHAPTER 5 The Stametsian Model: Per
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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CHAPTER 6 Materials for Formulating
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MATERIALS FOR FORMULATING A FRUITIN
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CHAPTER 7 Biological Efficiency: An
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY: AN EXPRESSIO
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CHAPTER8 Home-made vs. Commercial S
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HOME-MADE VERSUS COMMERCIAL SPAWN 6
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CHAPTER 9 The Mushroom Life Cycle W
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Figure 44. Scanning electron microg
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scape, the inycosphere, will give r
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Figure 51. A fully mature basidium.
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posites. The method of spore ejecti
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C ultivating CHAPTER 10 The Six Vec
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floor. After a minute or two, the c
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The best one can hope is that conta
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Figure 60. Storing petri mobile cre
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S terile CHAPTER 11 Mind and Method
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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CHAPTER 12 Culturing Mushroom Mycel
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CULTURING MUSHROOM MYCELIUM ON AGAR
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E very CHAPTER 13 The Stock Culture
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If one has ten or more replicates,
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eads: FVITC P2 11/16/92 C # 0825905
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Figure 87. Rhizomorphic mycelium di
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exemplified by Laetiporus suiphureu
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molds belonging to Penicillium, Asp
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duce odors which humans can recogni
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CHAPTER 14 Evaluating a Mushroom St
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Figure 96. Healthy mushroom myceliu
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EVALUATING sustained. Without secon
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14. Duration between 1st, 2nd and 3
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substantially in flavor. The cultiv
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G rain CHAPTER 15 Generating Grain
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Figure 101. One memod for preparing
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is added proportionately. Whereas t
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grams. 4 cups is approximately a li
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t .,..,..,,,.. ,'"'•• Figure 10
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Figure 111. Grain inoculated with m
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Figure 113. Gallon jars of 3rd gene
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ag resembles those still widely in
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Figure 116. Scanning electron nucro
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F— GENERATING GRAIN SPAWN 145 Fig
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Figure 120. Actively growing myceli
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Figure 122. Inoculating mycelium in
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the norm. The jars normally grow ou
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Figure 124. (Jyster mushrooms out"
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S awdust CHAPTER 16 Creating Sawdus
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Figure 125. Sawdust spawn of Reishi
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Figure 129. Dispersing the spawn th
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CHAPTER 17 Growing Gourmet Mushroom
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GROWING GOURMET MUSHROOMS ON ENRICH
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C H A P T E R 1 8 Cultivating Gourm
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ice, oat and sorghum straws are the
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Figure 146. A brick keeps the straw
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Figure 149. Newly constructed, scre
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spawn is gravity fed or hand broadc
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C hoosing CHAPTER 19 Cropping Conta
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onments typically ensue until the p
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Figure 158. The Phoenix Oyster, Ple
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Figure 162. The hinged wall-frame
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Figure 167. Bouquets of Golden Oyst
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Figure 171. By slamming the culumn
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latedsubstrate.An 8-ft. longcolumn,
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came a template for the cultivation
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CROPPING CONTAINERS 207 Figures 182
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CHAPTER 20 Casing: A Topsoil Promot
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CHAPTER 21 Growth Parameters for Go
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Figure 188. The Button mushroom (Ag
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of the surface, the region supporti
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other gourmet and medicinal mushroo
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Gilled
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Figure 193.20 days after inoculatio
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Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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Harvest Hints: Since this mushroom
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The Enoki Mushroom Fkxmmulina velut
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 233 aspen, willow
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 235 short period
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Introduction: Before the publicatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 24f doors, this m
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Figure 216. Inoculated logs of Kuri
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 247 spores of spe
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In Japan, H. tessulatus is marketed
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I Figure 224. Commercial cultivatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 255 Figures 226 a
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The Shiitake Mushroom of the Genus
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 261 Figure 231 &
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Figure 235. After soaking, logs can
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 265 Figure 240. A
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 269 This species
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Figure 249. The "Donko" form of Shi
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When I was a impoverished, near-sta
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 275 nated) for 24
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The Nameko Mushroom of the Genus Ph
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 281 Natural Metho
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The Oyster Mushrooms of the Genus P
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Introduction: Few mushrooms are as
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259. Bottle culture of P. cttrtnopl
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Figure 262. A beautiful clustered b
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oom Kit. ri Pertecti's oyster Musn-
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Figure Wild fruiting of P cystidios
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Pleurotus djamor (Fries) Boedjin se
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 299 studies are c
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Medicinal Properties: Not known to
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Figure 275 and 276. P. eryngii frui
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 309 Pleurotus euo
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 313 Pleurotus ost
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Figure 282. A sporeless strain of P
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Suggested Agar Culture Media: MYPA,
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Spawn Run: Temperature: 75° F. (24
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Plate 1. Fruiting culture of Agrocy
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Plate 7. Flammulina velutipes, the
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Plates 14. Shiitake mushrooms, Lent
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Plate 22. Pleurotus eryngii, the Ki
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Plate 44. Two strains of Ganoderma
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Plate 51. Succulent bouquet of .Mai
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Pleurotuspulmonarius (Fries) Quelet
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Figure 287. F. pulmonarius fruiting
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 327 The Caramel C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 329 Psilocybe whi
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dicinal properties, instead focusin
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The King Stropharia of the Genus St
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Figure 297. Azureus Stamets holding
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 341 room can also
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 343 The Paddy Str
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Figure 303. Soaked straw is thrown
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 349 Figure 312—
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS T he The P
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 353 tude sickness
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 355 Ganoderma luc
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figure 318. U. lucidum (F'orintek's
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Natural Habitat: An annual mushroom
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 361 Figure 323—
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 363 Figures 327
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 367 Natural Metho
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 369 Comments: A s
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 371 form. Microsc
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Iligure 335. Maitake usually truits
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 377 1992, dried M
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 379 Fruitbody dev
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Figure 341. Sclerotia of North Amer
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 385 placed into a
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Lion's
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 389 Description:
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 393 Figure 349. W
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Wood E
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 397 A. polytricha
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS M orels Th
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 403 Figure 357. T
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 405 thousands per
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Figure 363. A Morel primordium form
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Common Names: The Black Morel The C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 413 Figure 372 &
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T e m p e r a U r e (°C) Profile o
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Figure 375. This mycological experi
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Growth Parameters* Spawn Run: Incub
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CHAPTER 22 Maximizing the Substrate
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dergoes another 50% reduction in ma
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CHAPTER 23 Harvesting, Storing, and
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Figure 378. Bouquets of Pleurotus o
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Figure 380. An example of poor pack
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P. a large blower located at one en
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CHAPTER 24 Mushroom Recipes: Enjoyi
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 433 Jack Czarnecki
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 435 Hope & Orson M
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 437 Robert Roselli
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Andrew Weil's Shiitake Teriyaki MUS
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 441 Recommended Mu
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T his CHAPTER 25 Cultivation Proble
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TROUBLESHOOTING 445 small tree frog
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Contaminants localized to point of
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TROUBLESHOOTING 449 PROBLEM CAUSE S
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APPENDIX I Descriptions of Environm
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proof electrical fixtures are essen
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neer systems with mushroom preserva
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APPENDIX II Designing and Building
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DESIGNING AND BUILDING A SPAWN LABO
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APPENDIX III The Growing Room: An E
Page 503 and 504: MOUTH MUSHROOM-CAVE NEAR PARI& THE
Page 505 and 506: Many farms employ pass-through curt
Page 507 and 508: move debris from the feet and enhan
Page 509 and 510: changes per hour required during th
Page 511 and 512: After washing, the growing room fee
Page 513 and 514: APPENDIX IV Resource Directory T he
Page 515 and 516: Mushroom Book Suppliers Fungi Perfe
Page 517 and 518: Mushroom Cultivation Seminars & Tra
Page 519 and 520: RESOURCE DIRECTORY 487 Chibougamau
Page 521 and 522: RESOURCE DIRECTORY 489 Nutmeg Mycol
Page 523 and 524: Centre for Land & Biological Resear
Page 525 and 526: J. B. Swayne Spawn (215) 444-0888 8
Page 527 and 528: RESOURCE DIRECTORY 495 The Mushroom
Page 529 and 530: Material APPENDIX V Analysis of Bas
Page 531 and 532: Material ANALYSIS OF B ASIC MAT ERI
Page 533 and 534: Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
Page 535 and 536: Material ANALYSIS OF B ASI C M ATER
Page 537 and 538: Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
Page 539 and 540: Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
Page 541 and 542: Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
Page 543 and 544: Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M AT ER
Page 545 and 546: APPENDIX VI Data Conversion Tables
Page 547 and 548: 1°F. = •5550 Kelvin 1° F = (.55
Page 549 and 550: DATA CONVERSION TABLES 517 Miscella
Page 551 and 552: Glossary A agar: a product derived
Page 553: droplets of spore bundles on relati
Page 557 and 558: metabolic heat released as fungi, b
Page 559 and 560: Bibliography Adachi, K., H. Nanba,
Page 561 and 562: BIBLIOGRAPHY 529 Chang, S.T. &W.A.
Page 563 and 564: ______ BIBLIOGRAPHY 531 Gormanson,D
Page 565 and 566: _____1995. BIBLIOGRAPHY 533 Ito, T.
Page 567 and 568: wheat straw. Mushroom Journal of th
Page 569 and 570: _____J.A. 1991. Manual on mushmom c
Page 571 and 572: _____1987b. BIBLIOGRAPHY 539 Royse,
Page 573 and 574: _____,A. BIBLIOGRAPHY 541 Stijve, T
Page 575 and 576: 543 1993. Boost immunity with medic
Page 577 and 578: A agaricum 351 agarikon 351 agar me
Page 579 and 580: ganoderic acids 368 Ganoderma 353,
Page 581 and 582: N Nuematoloma N. capnoides 237 N. f
Page 583 and 584: spore germination 100 spore load 24
Page 585 and 586: Alan Bessette Figures 52, 53 Julie
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