GROWING GOURMET - Anto2ni.it

520 GLOSSARY
B
Basidiomycetes: fungi which bear spores upon
a club-like cell known as a basidium. Pore,
tooth, and jelly fungi (Auricularia spp.) belong
to this Class.
basidia: the club like cells which give rise to
four (more rarely 2 or 6) spores
Basidiomycetes: the Class of fungi producing
spores on basidia. The gilled, pored, teethed
and some cup mushrooms are basidiomycetes.
biological efficiency: the percentage measurement
of the yield of fresh mushrooms from
the dry weight of the substrate. (See Page 57.)
100% biological efficiency is equivalent to
saying that from a substrate with a moisture
content of 75%, 25% of its mass will yield
fresh mushrooms having a moisture content
of 90%.
bleach-bombing: an industry used phrase to
describe the use of bleach being sprayed on
the walls and floors. The rooms so treated
are usually sealed tight for 24 hours, allowing
the chlorine gas to thoroughly disinfect
the environment.
block: a term used in mushroom culture, referring
to the cube-shaped mass of sawdust
substrate contained within plastic bags. Once
the mycelium has grown through the substrate,
the plastic can be stripped off, and the
mycelium holds the mass together. Blocks
can be used individually or collectively to
build "walls" of mushroom mycelium.
brown rot: a condition caused the degradation of
cellulose by fungi which leaves the substrate
brown in color. The brown color is largely due
to undecomposed lignin. Solid blocks of wood
are used for testing whether or not a fungus
causes "brown rot" or "white rot".
C
capitate: having a swollen head.
carpophore: the fruiting body of higher fungi.
casing: a layer of water retentive materials applied
to a substrate to encourage and enhance
fruitbody production.
thick walled, secondary
spores developing from hyphae but not from
basidia, nor from conidiophores.
cheilocystidia: variously shaped, sterile cells
on the gill edge of mushrooms.
clamp connection: a small, semicircular, hollow
bridge that is laterally attached to the
walls of two adjoining cells and spanning the
septum between them. See Page 67.
collyboid: resembling mushrooms typical of
the genus Collybia—groups of mushrooms
clustered together at the base and having convex
to plane caps.
conidia: a uninucleate, exteriorly borne cell
formed by constriction of the conidiophore.
conidiophore: a specialized structure arising
from mycelium upon which conidia are
borne.
conspecific: equal to, i.e. two taxa are in fact the
same species.
contamination: any organism other than the
one desired to be cultivated.
context: the internal flesh of mushroom, existing
between the differentiated outer layers of
the mushroom.
coprophilic: dwelling on, and having an affection
for manure.
coremia: a bundle of reproductive structures
(conidiophores). SomePleurotusspecies (R
cystidiosus, P abalonus & P smithii) produce
coremic structures in culture—often black
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