GROWING GOURMET - Anto2ni.it

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390 GROWTH PARAMETERS Fragrance Signature: Rich, sweet and farinaceous. Natural Method of Outdoor Cultivation: Inoculation of logs or stumps outdoors using sawdust or plug spawn a la the methods traditionally used for Shiitake. This is one of the few mushrooms which produces well on walnut logs. Oaks, beech, elm and similar hardwoods. (The "paper" barked hardwoods such as alder and birch are not recommended.) Once inoculated, the 3-4 foot long logs should be buried to 1/3 of their length into the ground, in a naturally shady location. Walnut is comparatively slow to decompose due to its density, providing the outdoor cultivator with many years of fruitings. A heavy inoculation rate shortens the gestation period. Recommended Courses for Expansion of Mycelial Mass to Achieve Fruiting: This Figure 346. Dr. Andrew Weil in China with H. erinaceus forming on oak log. mushroom, in my experience, requires greater attention to the details of mycelial development for the creation of spawn than most other species. The mycelium grows relatively slowly on nutrified agar media, with fruitbodies often forming before the mycelium has grown to a mere 25 mm. in radius. Furthermore, the transferring of mycelium from agar to grain media using the traditional scalpel and wedge technique, results in comparatively slow growth, taking weeks to colonize unless a regimen of diligent and frequent shaking of the spawn jars is followed. Hericium erinaceus is a classic example of a species which is stimulated by agitation in liquid culture. I wait until primordial colonies form upon the mycelial mat on agar media. At that time, cultures are cut into sections and placed into an Eberbach-like stirrer. Once blended, the myceliated fluid, now rich in the growth hormones associated with primordia formation, is expanded by transferring to sterilized grain filled spawn jars. The result is an explosion of cellular activity. Two colonies of mycelium grown out on standard 100 x 15 mm. petri dishes are recommended for use with every 1000 ml. of sterile water. Once stirred, 20-50 ml. ofliquid inoculum is poured into every liter to 1/2 gallonjar. The jars are then thoroughly shaken to evenly distribute the liquid inoculum, placed on the spawn incubation rack, and left undisturbed. Soon thereafter evidence of mycelial recovery can be seen, often with numerous white dense spots. These dense white spots are sites of rapidly forming primordia, now numbering many times over than that which had formed in the original petri dishes. The spawn jars must be used immediately for further expansion either into more sterilized grain or sterilized wood, lest the primordia develop into sizeable fruitbodies. Should the latter occur, further use ofthese spawnjars is not recommended since the developing mushrooms will be PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incubation Temperature: 70-75° F. (2 1-24° C.) Relative Humidity: 95-100% Duration: 10-14 days. CU2: >5000-40,000 ppm. Fresh Air Exchanges: 0-1 per hour. Light Requirements: n/a Primordia Formation: Initiation Temperature: 50-60° E (10-15.6° C.) Relative Humidity: 95-100% Duration: 3-5 days CU2: 500-700 ppm Fresh Air Exchanges: 5-8 per hour Light Requirements: 500-1000 lux. Fruitbody Development: Temperature: 65-75° F. (18-24° C.) Relative Humidity: (85)90-95% Duration: 4-5 days CU2: 500-1000 ppm Fresh Air Exchanges: 5-8 hours per hour. Light Requirements: 500-1000 lux. Cropping Cycle: 14 days apart. GROWTH PARAMETERS 391 damaged in the course of shaking. The subsequent transfer of these smashed fruitbodies is often followed by a massive bacterial outbreak. If the spawn remains pure, then each 1/2 gallon (liter) of grain spawn can be transferred into four 5 lb. bags of sterilized, sawdust/bran. Since this species adapts well to submerged fermentation, commerical cultivators might find the direct inoculation of sterilized grain with liquid mycelium is the most efficient path of spawn gneration. (See Figure 119). SuggestedAgar Culture Media: MYPA, PDYA or DFA media. 1st & 2nd Generation Spawn Media: Grain: rye, wheat, milo, wheat, barley, corn or millet. 3rd Generation Spawn Media: Grain, sterilized sawdust or plugs. Substrates for Fruiting: Sterilized sawdust supplemented with rice bran for indoors. Hardwood and Douglas fir logs & stumps are recommended for outdoors. The pH range for fruiting falls between 5.0-6.5. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
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GROWING GOURMET and MEDICINAL MUSHR
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This book should help advance the c
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GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHR
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CHAPTER 1 Mushrooms, Civilization &
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Immortality (1976) where he postula
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CHAPTER 2 The Role of Mushrooms in
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tive species and planted in plots s
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ducing organ: the mushroom. Further
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fungi first to capture a twig, a bl
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The Global Environmental Shift and
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nm peroxidases and cellulases which
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CHAPTER 3 S electing a Candidate fo
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SELECTING A CANDIDATE FOR CULTIVATI
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N atural CHAPTER 4 Natural Culture:
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NATURAL CULTURE: CREATING MYCOLOGIC
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CHAPTER 5 The Stametsian Model: Per
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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CHAPTER 6 Materials for Formulating
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MATERIALS FOR FORMULATING A FRUITIN
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CHAPTER 7 Biological Efficiency: An
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY: AN EXPRESSIO
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CHAPTER8 Home-made vs. Commercial S
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HOME-MADE VERSUS COMMERCIAL SPAWN 6
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CHAPTER 9 The Mushroom Life Cycle W
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Figure 44. Scanning electron microg
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scape, the inycosphere, will give r
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Figure 51. A fully mature basidium.
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posites. The method of spore ejecti
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C ultivating CHAPTER 10 The Six Vec
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floor. After a minute or two, the c
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The best one can hope is that conta
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Figure 60. Storing petri mobile cre
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S terile CHAPTER 11 Mind and Method
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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CHAPTER 12 Culturing Mushroom Mycel
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CULTURING MUSHROOM MYCELIUM ON AGAR
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E very CHAPTER 13 The Stock Culture
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If one has ten or more replicates,
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eads: FVITC P2 11/16/92 C # 0825905
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Figure 87. Rhizomorphic mycelium di
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exemplified by Laetiporus suiphureu
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molds belonging to Penicillium, Asp
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duce odors which humans can recogni
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CHAPTER 14 Evaluating a Mushroom St
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Figure 96. Healthy mushroom myceliu
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EVALUATING sustained. Without secon
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14. Duration between 1st, 2nd and 3
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substantially in flavor. The cultiv
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G rain CHAPTER 15 Generating Grain
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Figure 101. One memod for preparing
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is added proportionately. Whereas t
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grams. 4 cups is approximately a li
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t .,..,..,,,.. ,'"'•• Figure 10
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Figure 111. Grain inoculated with m
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Figure 113. Gallon jars of 3rd gene
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ag resembles those still widely in
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Figure 116. Scanning electron nucro
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F— GENERATING GRAIN SPAWN 145 Fig
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Figure 120. Actively growing myceli
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Figure 122. Inoculating mycelium in
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the norm. The jars normally grow ou
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Figure 124. (Jyster mushrooms out"
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S awdust CHAPTER 16 Creating Sawdus
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Figure 125. Sawdust spawn of Reishi
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Figure 129. Dispersing the spawn th
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CHAPTER 17 Growing Gourmet Mushroom
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GROWING GOURMET MUSHROOMS ON ENRICH
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C H A P T E R 1 8 Cultivating Gourm
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ice, oat and sorghum straws are the
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Figure 146. A brick keeps the straw
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Figure 149. Newly constructed, scre
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spawn is gravity fed or hand broadc
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C hoosing CHAPTER 19 Cropping Conta
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onments typically ensue until the p
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Figure 158. The Phoenix Oyster, Ple
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Figure 162. The hinged wall-frame
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Figure 167. Bouquets of Golden Oyst
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Figure 171. By slamming the culumn
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latedsubstrate.An 8-ft. longcolumn,
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came a template for the cultivation
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CROPPING CONTAINERS 207 Figures 182
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CHAPTER 20 Casing: A Topsoil Promot
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CHAPTER 21 Growth Parameters for Go
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Figure 188. The Button mushroom (Ag
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of the surface, the region supporti
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other gourmet and medicinal mushroo
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Gilled
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Figure 193.20 days after inoculatio
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Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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Harvest Hints: Since this mushroom
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The Enoki Mushroom Fkxmmulina velut
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 233 aspen, willow
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 235 short period
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Introduction: Before the publicatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 24f doors, this m
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Figure 216. Inoculated logs of Kuri
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 247 spores of spe
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In Japan, H. tessulatus is marketed
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I Figure 224. Commercial cultivatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 255 Figures 226 a
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The Shiitake Mushroom of the Genus
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 261 Figure 231 &
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Figure 235. After soaking, logs can
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 265 Figure 240. A
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 269 This species
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Figure 249. The "Donko" form of Shi
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When I was a impoverished, near-sta
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 275 nated) for 24
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The Nameko Mushroom of the Genus Ph
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 281 Natural Metho
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The Oyster Mushrooms of the Genus P
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Introduction: Few mushrooms are as
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259. Bottle culture of P. cttrtnopl
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Figure 262. A beautiful clustered b
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oom Kit. ri Pertecti's oyster Musn-
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Figure Wild fruiting of P cystidios
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Pleurotus djamor (Fries) Boedjin se
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 299 studies are c
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Medicinal Properties: Not known to
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Figure 275 and 276. P. eryngii frui
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 309 Pleurotus euo
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 313 Pleurotus ost
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Figure 282. A sporeless strain of P
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Suggested Agar Culture Media: MYPA,
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Spawn Run: Temperature: 75° F. (24
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Plate 1. Fruiting culture of Agrocy
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Plate 7. Flammulina velutipes, the
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Plates 14. Shiitake mushrooms, Lent
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Plate 22. Pleurotus eryngii, the Ki
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Plate 44. Two strains of Ganoderma
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Plate 51. Succulent bouquet of .Mai
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Pleurotuspulmonarius (Fries) Quelet
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Figure 287. F. pulmonarius fruiting
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 327 The Caramel C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 329 Psilocybe whi
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dicinal properties, instead focusin
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The King Stropharia of the Genus St
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Figure 297. Azureus Stamets holding
Page 371 and 372: Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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Page 377 and 378: Figure 303. Soaked straw is thrown
Page 381 and 382: GROWTH PARAMETERS 349 Figure 312—
Page 383 and 384: INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS T he The P
Page 385 and 386: GROWTH PARAMETERS 353 tude sickness
Page 387 and 388: GROWTH PARAMETERS 355 Ganoderma luc
Page 389 and 390: figure 318. U. lucidum (F'orintek's
Page 391 and 392: Natural Habitat: An annual mushroom
Page 393 and 394: GROWTH PARAMETERS 361 Figure 323—
Page 395 and 396: GROWTH PARAMETERS 363 Figures 327
Page 399 and 400: GROWTH PARAMETERS 367 Natural Metho
Page 401 and 402: GROWTH PARAMETERS 369 Comments: A s
Page 403 and 404: GROWTH PARAMETERS 371 form. Microsc
Page 405 and 406: Iligure 335. Maitake usually truits
Page 409 and 410: GROWTH PARAMETERS 377 1992, dried M
Page 411 and 412: GROWTH PARAMETERS 379 Fruitbody dev
Page 413 and 414: Figure 341. Sclerotia of North Amer
Page 417 and 418: GROWTH PARAMETERS 385 placed into a
Page 419 and 420: INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Lion's
Page 421: GROWTH PARAMETERS 389 Description:
Page 425 and 426: GROWTH PARAMETERS 393 Figure 349. W
Page 427 and 428: INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Wood E
Page 429 and 430: GROWTH PARAMETERS 397 A. polytricha
Page 433 and 434: INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS M orels Th
Page 435 and 436: GROWTH PARAMETERS 403 Figure 357. T
Page 437 and 438: GROWTH PARAMETERS 405 thousands per
Page 439 and 440: Figure 363. A Morel primordium form
Page 441 and 442: Common Names: The Black Morel The C
Page 443 and 444: GROWTH PARAMETERS 413 Figure 372 &
Page 445 and 446: T e m p e r a U r e (°C) Profile o
Page 447 and 448: Figure 375. This mycological experi
Page 449 and 450: Growth Parameters* Spawn Run: Incub
Page 451 and 452: CHAPTER 22 Maximizing the Substrate
Page 453 and 454: dergoes another 50% reduction in ma
Page 455 and 456: CHAPTER 23 Harvesting, Storing, and
Page 457 and 458: Figure 378. Bouquets of Pleurotus o
Page 459 and 460: Figure 380. An example of poor pack
Page 461 and 462: P. a large blower located at one en
Page 463 and 464: CHAPTER 24 Mushroom Recipes: Enjoyi
Page 465 and 466: MUSHROOM RECIPES 433 Jack Czarnecki
Page 467 and 468: MUSHROOM RECIPES 435 Hope & Orson M
Page 469 and 470: MUSHROOM RECIPES 437 Robert Roselli
Page 471 and 472: Andrew Weil's Shiitake Teriyaki MUS
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 441 Recommended Mu
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T his CHAPTER 25 Cultivation Proble
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TROUBLESHOOTING 445 small tree frog
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Contaminants localized to point of
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TROUBLESHOOTING 449 PROBLEM CAUSE S
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APPENDIX I Descriptions of Environm
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proof electrical fixtures are essen
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neer systems with mushroom preserva
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APPENDIX II Designing and Building
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DESIGNING AND BUILDING A SPAWN LABO
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APPENDIX III The Growing Room: An E
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MOUTH MUSHROOM-CAVE NEAR PARI& THE
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Many farms employ pass-through curt
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move debris from the feet and enhan
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changes per hour required during th
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After washing, the growing room fee
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APPENDIX IV Resource Directory T he
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Mushroom Book Suppliers Fungi Perfe
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Mushroom Cultivation Seminars & Tra
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 487 Chibougamau
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 489 Nutmeg Mycol
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Centre for Land & Biological Resear
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J. B. Swayne Spawn (215) 444-0888 8
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 495 The Mushroom
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Material APPENDIX V Analysis of Bas
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASIC MAT ERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASI C M ATER
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M AT ER
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APPENDIX VI Data Conversion Tables
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1°F. = •5550 Kelvin 1° F = (.55
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DATA CONVERSION TABLES 517 Miscella
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Glossary A agar: a product derived
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droplets of spore bundles on relati
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mycophagist: a person or animal tha
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metabolic heat released as fungi, b
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Bibliography Adachi, K., H. Nanba,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 529 Chang, S.T. &W.A.
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______ BIBLIOGRAPHY 531 Gormanson,D
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_____1995. BIBLIOGRAPHY 533 Ito, T.
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wheat straw. Mushroom Journal of th
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_____J.A. 1991. Manual on mushmom c
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_____1987b. BIBLIOGRAPHY 539 Royse,
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_____,A. BIBLIOGRAPHY 541 Stijve, T
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543 1993. Boost immunity with medic
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A agaricum 351 agarikon 351 agar me
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ganoderic acids 368 Ganoderma 353,
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N Nuematoloma N. capnoides 237 N. f
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spore germination 100 spore load 24
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Alan Bessette Figures 52, 53 Julie
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