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312 GROWTH PARAMETERS ews or almonds along with onions to adorn white fish or salmon which is then baked. Please refer to the recipes in Chapter 24. Comments: The cultivation of Pleurotus euoslnus parallels the cultivation of P ostreatus and grows at a mid-level temperature range, not requiring a cold shock to initiate. The cultures in my collection produce uniform, medium sized fruitbodies specific to puncture holesin the containers. Clusters of 5- 10 mushrooms are common, rarely numbering more, with the majority of the primordia forming reaching full maturity. These features may be strain specific. Please refer to the discussion of P. ostreatus, a close relative and possible future synonym of this mushroom. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
GROWTH PARAMETERS 313 Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacquin ex Fries) Kummer Figure 280. P. ostreatus mycelia 4 and 10 days after inoculation onto malt extract agar media. Introduction: The prototypic Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus has long been a favorite of mushroom hunters, especially in the spring time in lowland, hardwood forests. A prolific producer on a wide anay of substrates, strains of this species are plentiful and easy to grow. Enjoying a worldwide reputation, specimens of extraordinary size have been collected from the wild. For instance, in the fall of 1988 near the north coast of Sicily, Salvatore Terracina, a fanner, collected a P ostreatus nearly 8 ft. in circumference, 20 inches thick, and weighing 42 lbs! For the prepared and astute cultivator, cloning this monster could have resulted in an extraordinarily productive strain. Common Names: The Oyster Mushroom, Oyster Shelf, Tree Oyster Straw Mushroom Hiratake (Japanese for "Flat Mushroom") Tamogitake (Japanese) Taxonomic Synonyms & Considerations: Pleurotus ostreatus is the type species for the Genus Pleurotus and represents a huge complex of subspecies, varieties and strains. Comparisons with other taxa is compounded by the fact many strains labelled as P ostreatus are in fact P pulmonarius and vice versa. For a mushroom so widely cultivated, I am surprised (and relieved) that only recently has the taxonomy become clearer, largely through the works of Petersen, Vilgalys and Hilber. Pleurotus ostreatus is so similar to P pulmonarius that they are difficult to separate macroscopically. The western collections of Oyster mushrooms on conifers usually fall into P pulmonarius PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
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GROWING GOURMET and MEDICINAL MUSHR
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This book should help advance the c
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GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHR
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CHAPTER 1 Mushrooms, Civilization &
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Immortality (1976) where he postula
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CHAPTER 2 The Role of Mushrooms in
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tive species and planted in plots s
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ducing organ: the mushroom. Further
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fungi first to capture a twig, a bl
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The Global Environmental Shift and
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nm peroxidases and cellulases which
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CHAPTER 3 S electing a Candidate fo
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SELECTING A CANDIDATE FOR CULTIVATI
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N atural CHAPTER 4 Natural Culture:
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NATURAL CULTURE: CREATING MYCOLOGIC
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CHAPTER 5 The Stametsian Model: Per
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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CHAPTER 6 Materials for Formulating
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MATERIALS FOR FORMULATING A FRUITIN
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CHAPTER 7 Biological Efficiency: An
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY: AN EXPRESSIO
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CHAPTER8 Home-made vs. Commercial S
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HOME-MADE VERSUS COMMERCIAL SPAWN 6
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CHAPTER 9 The Mushroom Life Cycle W
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Figure 44. Scanning electron microg
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scape, the inycosphere, will give r
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Figure 51. A fully mature basidium.
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posites. The method of spore ejecti
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C ultivating CHAPTER 10 The Six Vec
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floor. After a minute or two, the c
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The best one can hope is that conta
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Figure 60. Storing petri mobile cre
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S terile CHAPTER 11 Mind and Method
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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CHAPTER 12 Culturing Mushroom Mycel
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CULTURING MUSHROOM MYCELIUM ON AGAR
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E very CHAPTER 13 The Stock Culture
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If one has ten or more replicates,
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eads: FVITC P2 11/16/92 C # 0825905
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Figure 87. Rhizomorphic mycelium di
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exemplified by Laetiporus suiphureu
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molds belonging to Penicillium, Asp
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duce odors which humans can recogni
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CHAPTER 14 Evaluating a Mushroom St
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Figure 96. Healthy mushroom myceliu
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EVALUATING sustained. Without secon
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14. Duration between 1st, 2nd and 3
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substantially in flavor. The cultiv
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G rain CHAPTER 15 Generating Grain
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Figure 101. One memod for preparing
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is added proportionately. Whereas t
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grams. 4 cups is approximately a li
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t .,..,..,,,.. ,'"'•• Figure 10
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Figure 111. Grain inoculated with m
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Figure 113. Gallon jars of 3rd gene
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ag resembles those still widely in
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Figure 116. Scanning electron nucro
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F— GENERATING GRAIN SPAWN 145 Fig
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Figure 120. Actively growing myceli
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Figure 122. Inoculating mycelium in
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the norm. The jars normally grow ou
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Figure 124. (Jyster mushrooms out"
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S awdust CHAPTER 16 Creating Sawdus
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Figure 125. Sawdust spawn of Reishi
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Figure 129. Dispersing the spawn th
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CHAPTER 17 Growing Gourmet Mushroom
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GROWING GOURMET MUSHROOMS ON ENRICH
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C H A P T E R 1 8 Cultivating Gourm
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ice, oat and sorghum straws are the
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Figure 146. A brick keeps the straw
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Figure 149. Newly constructed, scre
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spawn is gravity fed or hand broadc
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C hoosing CHAPTER 19 Cropping Conta
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onments typically ensue until the p
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Figure 158. The Phoenix Oyster, Ple
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Figure 162. The hinged wall-frame
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Figure 167. Bouquets of Golden Oyst
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Figure 171. By slamming the culumn
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latedsubstrate.An 8-ft. longcolumn,
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came a template for the cultivation
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CROPPING CONTAINERS 207 Figures 182
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CHAPTER 20 Casing: A Topsoil Promot
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CHAPTER 21 Growth Parameters for Go
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Figure 188. The Button mushroom (Ag
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of the surface, the region supporti
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other gourmet and medicinal mushroo
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Gilled
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Figure 193.20 days after inoculatio
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Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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Harvest Hints: Since this mushroom
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The Enoki Mushroom Fkxmmulina velut
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 233 aspen, willow
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 235 short period
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Introduction: Before the publicatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 24f doors, this m
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Figure 216. Inoculated logs of Kuri
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 247 spores of spe
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In Japan, H. tessulatus is marketed
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I Figure 224. Commercial cultivatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 255 Figures 226 a
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The Shiitake Mushroom of the Genus
Page 277 and 278: GROWTH PARAMETERS 261 Figure 231 &
Page 279 and 280: Figure 235. After soaking, logs can
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Page 283 and 284: Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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Page 293 and 294: The Nameko Mushroom of the Genus Ph
Page 297 and 298: GROWTH PARAMETERS 281 Natural Metho
Page 299 and 300: The Oyster Mushrooms of the Genus P
Page 301 and 302: Introduction: Few mushrooms are as
Page 303 and 304: 259. Bottle culture of P. cttrtnopl
Page 305 and 306: Figure 262. A beautiful clustered b
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Page 311 and 312: Figure Wild fruiting of P cystidios
Page 313 and 314: Pleurotus djamor (Fries) Boedjin se
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Page 319 and 320: Medicinal Properties: Not known to
Page 321 and 322: Figure 275 and 276. P. eryngii frui
Page 325 and 326: GROWTH PARAMETERS 309 Pleurotus euo
Page 327: Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
Page 331 and 332: Figure 282. A sporeless strain of P
Page 333 and 334: Suggested Agar Culture Media: MYPA,
Page 335 and 336: Spawn Run: Temperature: 75° F. (24
Page 337 and 338: Plate 1. Fruiting culture of Agrocy
Page 339 and 340: Plate 7. Flammulina velutipes, the
Page 341 and 342: Plates 14. Shiitake mushrooms, Lent
Page 343 and 344: Plate 22. Pleurotus eryngii, the Ki
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Page 349 and 350: Plate 44. Two strains of Ganoderma
Page 351 and 352: Plate 51. Succulent bouquet of .Mai
Page 353 and 354: Pleurotuspulmonarius (Fries) Quelet
Page 355 and 356: Figure 287. F. pulmonarius fruiting
Page 359 and 360: GROWTH PARAMETERS 327 The Caramel C
Page 361 and 362: GROWTH PARAMETERS 329 Psilocybe whi
Page 365 and 366: dicinal properties, instead focusin
Page 367 and 368: The King Stropharia of the Genus St
Page 369 and 370: Figure 297. Azureus Stamets holding
Page 373 and 374: GROWTH PARAMETERS 341 room can also
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 349 Figure 312—
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS T he The P
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 353 tude sickness
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 355 Ganoderma luc
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figure 318. U. lucidum (F'orintek's
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Natural Habitat: An annual mushroom
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 361 Figure 323—
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 363 Figures 327
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 367 Natural Metho
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 369 Comments: A s
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 371 form. Microsc
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Iligure 335. Maitake usually truits
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 377 1992, dried M
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 379 Fruitbody dev
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Figure 341. Sclerotia of North Amer
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 385 placed into a
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Lion's
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 389 Description:
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 393 Figure 349. W
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Wood E
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 397 A. polytricha
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS M orels Th
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 403 Figure 357. T
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 405 thousands per
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Figure 363. A Morel primordium form
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Common Names: The Black Morel The C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 413 Figure 372 &
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T e m p e r a U r e (°C) Profile o
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Figure 375. This mycological experi
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Growth Parameters* Spawn Run: Incub
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CHAPTER 22 Maximizing the Substrate
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dergoes another 50% reduction in ma
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CHAPTER 23 Harvesting, Storing, and
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Figure 378. Bouquets of Pleurotus o
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Figure 380. An example of poor pack
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P. a large blower located at one en
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CHAPTER 24 Mushroom Recipes: Enjoyi
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 433 Jack Czarnecki
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 435 Hope & Orson M
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 437 Robert Roselli
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Andrew Weil's Shiitake Teriyaki MUS
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 441 Recommended Mu
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T his CHAPTER 25 Cultivation Proble
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TROUBLESHOOTING 445 small tree frog
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Contaminants localized to point of
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TROUBLESHOOTING 449 PROBLEM CAUSE S
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APPENDIX I Descriptions of Environm
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proof electrical fixtures are essen
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neer systems with mushroom preserva
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APPENDIX II Designing and Building
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DESIGNING AND BUILDING A SPAWN LABO
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APPENDIX III The Growing Room: An E
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MOUTH MUSHROOM-CAVE NEAR PARI& THE
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Many farms employ pass-through curt
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move debris from the feet and enhan
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changes per hour required during th
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After washing, the growing room fee
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APPENDIX IV Resource Directory T he
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Mushroom Book Suppliers Fungi Perfe
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Mushroom Cultivation Seminars & Tra
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 487 Chibougamau
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 489 Nutmeg Mycol
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Centre for Land & Biological Resear
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J. B. Swayne Spawn (215) 444-0888 8
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 495 The Mushroom
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Material APPENDIX V Analysis of Bas
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASIC MAT ERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASI C M ATER
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M AT ER
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APPENDIX VI Data Conversion Tables
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1°F. = •5550 Kelvin 1° F = (.55
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DATA CONVERSION TABLES 517 Miscella
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Glossary A agar: a product derived
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droplets of spore bundles on relati
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mycophagist: a person or animal tha
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metabolic heat released as fungi, b
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Bibliography Adachi, K., H. Nanba,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 529 Chang, S.T. &W.A.
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______ BIBLIOGRAPHY 531 Gormanson,D
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_____1995. BIBLIOGRAPHY 533 Ito, T.
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wheat straw. Mushroom Journal of th
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_____J.A. 1991. Manual on mushmom c
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_____1987b. BIBLIOGRAPHY 539 Royse,
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_____,A. BIBLIOGRAPHY 541 Stijve, T
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543 1993. Boost immunity with medic
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A agaricum 351 agarikon 351 agar me
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ganoderic acids 368 Ganoderma 353,
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N Nuematoloma N. capnoides 237 N. f
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spore germination 100 spore load 24
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Alan Bessette Figures 52, 53 Julie
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