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302 GROWTH PARAMETERS over the yields from unsupplemented wheat straw. Interestingly, the protein content of the dried mushrooms also rose to 38%. Royse & Zaki (1991) found that the equal addition of the commercially available supplements Spawn Mate il® and Fast Break® at a combined rate of 168g. perkg. of wheat straw substantially enhanced yields of "P. flabellatus". In these tests, biological efficiency increased from 22% to 77% in a 28 day harvest period. I would expect that the yields of other Oyster species would be similarly improved. Recommended Containers for Fruiting: Polyethylene bags or columns, trays, or racks. Yield Potentials: Given good crop management, biological efficiency rated at 75-150%, largely dependent on the age of the fruitbody at harvest. Some strains of this species are equally as productive, in terms of biological efficiency, as the most vigorous strains of P. pulrnonarius and P. ostreatus. Harvest Hints: Mushrooms should be picked when moderately young, and handled carefully so as to not bruise the brilliantly colored gills. This mushroom spoils rapidly, with a shelf life of no more than 4-5 days from the date of harvest. Form of Product Sold to Market: Fresh or dried. Mushrooms are best presented, gills up, for maximum visual impact. However, the unique pink color makes marketing an interesting challenge depending upon the market niche. In markets like New York and Los Angeles, "pink is hot" and the color, as a friend once told me, "sells itself". As one can imagine, this mushroom may not sell as well as the non-pink varieties in less sophisticated, rural American markets. Nutritional Content: Not fully known to this author. Probably similar toP pulmonarius. Bano et al. (1978) reported that the mushrooms grown from unsupplemented wheat straw compared to wheat straw supplemented with cottonseed powder resulted in protein contents of 30 and 36%, respectively. Supplements and spawning rates have a direct impact on the protein content of the Figure 273. This variety of the Pink Oyster mushroom fruits in only 10 days from inoculation into pasteurized wheat straw. mushrooms grown. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
Medicinal Properties: Not known to this author. GROWTH PARAMETERS 303 Flavor, Preparation & Cooking: The flavor of this mushroom is not as appealing as many of the other Oyster species listed in this book. Tougher fleshed and more tart than other Oyster species, the pink color soon disappears upon contact with heat. Upon drying, a majority of (but not all) specimens lose their pinkish tones. Although this mushroom is not my personal favorite, some of my students prefer it over P ostreatus and P pulmonarius. Comments: This complex of Pink Oyster Mushrooms hosts some of the fastest growing strains of mushrooms in the Genus Pleurotus. For those with limited access to pasteurization equipment, and living in a warm climate, strains of P djamoruniquely fulfill a critical need. Its speed of colonization, short but productive fruiting cycle, and adaptability to diverse substrate materials, make this species affordable to many cultivators, especially those in developing countries. Zadrazil (1979) noted that this mushroom (as "P flabellatus") and Stropharia rugoso-annulata proved to be the best at rendering straw, after fruiting, into a nutritious feed staple for ruminants, especially cattle. (For more information of utilizing "spent" straw from Oyster mushroomcultivation into feed for animals, see page 283). i For more information, please consult: Bononi et alia, 1991, "Pleurotus ostreatoroseus cultivation in Brazil". Mushroom Science XI, A.A. Balkema, Netherlands. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
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GROWING GOURMET and MEDICINAL MUSHR
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This book should help advance the c
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GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHR
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CHAPTER 1 Mushrooms, Civilization &
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Immortality (1976) where he postula
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CHAPTER 2 The Role of Mushrooms in
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tive species and planted in plots s
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ducing organ: the mushroom. Further
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fungi first to capture a twig, a bl
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The Global Environmental Shift and
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nm peroxidases and cellulases which
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CHAPTER 3 S electing a Candidate fo
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SELECTING A CANDIDATE FOR CULTIVATI
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N atural CHAPTER 4 Natural Culture:
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NATURAL CULTURE: CREATING MYCOLOGIC
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CHAPTER 5 The Stametsian Model: Per
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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CHAPTER 6 Materials for Formulating
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MATERIALS FOR FORMULATING A FRUITIN
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CHAPTER 7 Biological Efficiency: An
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY: AN EXPRESSIO
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CHAPTER8 Home-made vs. Commercial S
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HOME-MADE VERSUS COMMERCIAL SPAWN 6
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CHAPTER 9 The Mushroom Life Cycle W
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Figure 44. Scanning electron microg
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scape, the inycosphere, will give r
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Figure 51. A fully mature basidium.
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posites. The method of spore ejecti
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C ultivating CHAPTER 10 The Six Vec
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floor. After a minute or two, the c
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The best one can hope is that conta
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Figure 60. Storing petri mobile cre
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S terile CHAPTER 11 Mind and Method
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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CHAPTER 12 Culturing Mushroom Mycel
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CULTURING MUSHROOM MYCELIUM ON AGAR
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E very CHAPTER 13 The Stock Culture
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If one has ten or more replicates,
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eads: FVITC P2 11/16/92 C # 0825905
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Figure 87. Rhizomorphic mycelium di
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exemplified by Laetiporus suiphureu
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molds belonging to Penicillium, Asp
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duce odors which humans can recogni
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CHAPTER 14 Evaluating a Mushroom St
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Figure 96. Healthy mushroom myceliu
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EVALUATING sustained. Without secon
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14. Duration between 1st, 2nd and 3
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substantially in flavor. The cultiv
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G rain CHAPTER 15 Generating Grain
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Figure 101. One memod for preparing
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is added proportionately. Whereas t
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grams. 4 cups is approximately a li
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t .,..,..,,,.. ,'"'•• Figure 10
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Figure 111. Grain inoculated with m
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Figure 113. Gallon jars of 3rd gene
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ag resembles those still widely in
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Figure 116. Scanning electron nucro
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F— GENERATING GRAIN SPAWN 145 Fig
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Figure 120. Actively growing myceli
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Figure 122. Inoculating mycelium in
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the norm. The jars normally grow ou
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Figure 124. (Jyster mushrooms out"
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S awdust CHAPTER 16 Creating Sawdus
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Figure 125. Sawdust spawn of Reishi
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Figure 129. Dispersing the spawn th
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CHAPTER 17 Growing Gourmet Mushroom
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GROWING GOURMET MUSHROOMS ON ENRICH
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C H A P T E R 1 8 Cultivating Gourm
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ice, oat and sorghum straws are the
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Figure 146. A brick keeps the straw
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Figure 149. Newly constructed, scre
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spawn is gravity fed or hand broadc
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C hoosing CHAPTER 19 Cropping Conta
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onments typically ensue until the p
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Figure 158. The Phoenix Oyster, Ple
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Figure 162. The hinged wall-frame
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Figure 167. Bouquets of Golden Oyst
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Figure 171. By slamming the culumn
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latedsubstrate.An 8-ft. longcolumn,
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came a template for the cultivation
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CROPPING CONTAINERS 207 Figures 182
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CHAPTER 20 Casing: A Topsoil Promot
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CHAPTER 21 Growth Parameters for Go
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Figure 188. The Button mushroom (Ag
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of the surface, the region supporti
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other gourmet and medicinal mushroo
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Gilled
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Figure 193.20 days after inoculatio
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Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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Harvest Hints: Since this mushroom
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The Enoki Mushroom Fkxmmulina velut
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 233 aspen, willow
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 235 short period
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Introduction: Before the publicatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 24f doors, this m
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Figure 216. Inoculated logs of Kuri
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 247 spores of spe
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In Japan, H. tessulatus is marketed
Page 267 and 268: Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
Page 269 and 270: I Figure 224. Commercial cultivatio
Page 271 and 272: GROWTH PARAMETERS 255 Figures 226 a
Page 275 and 276: The Shiitake Mushroom of the Genus
Page 277 and 278: GROWTH PARAMETERS 261 Figure 231 &
Page 279 and 280: Figure 235. After soaking, logs can
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Page 285 and 286: GROWTH PARAMETERS 269 This species
Page 287 and 288: Figure 249. The "Donko" form of Shi
Page 289 and 290: When I was a impoverished, near-sta
Page 291 and 292: GROWTH PARAMETERS 275 nated) for 24
Page 293 and 294: The Nameko Mushroom of the Genus Ph
Page 297 and 298: GROWTH PARAMETERS 281 Natural Metho
Page 299 and 300: The Oyster Mushrooms of the Genus P
Page 301 and 302: Introduction: Few mushrooms are as
Page 303 and 304: 259. Bottle culture of P. cttrtnopl
Page 305 and 306: Figure 262. A beautiful clustered b
Page 307 and 308: oom Kit. ri Pertecti's oyster Musn-
Page 311 and 312: Figure Wild fruiting of P cystidios
Page 313 and 314: Pleurotus djamor (Fries) Boedjin se
Page 315 and 316: GROWTH PARAMETERS 299 studies are c
Page 317: Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
Page 321 and 322: Figure 275 and 276. P. eryngii frui
Page 325 and 326: GROWTH PARAMETERS 309 Pleurotus euo
Page 329 and 330: GROWTH PARAMETERS 313 Pleurotus ost
Page 331 and 332: Figure 282. A sporeless strain of P
Page 333 and 334: Suggested Agar Culture Media: MYPA,
Page 335 and 336: Spawn Run: Temperature: 75° F. (24
Page 337 and 338: Plate 1. Fruiting culture of Agrocy
Page 339 and 340: Plate 7. Flammulina velutipes, the
Page 341 and 342: Plates 14. Shiitake mushrooms, Lent
Page 343 and 344: Plate 22. Pleurotus eryngii, the Ki
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Page 349 and 350: Plate 44. Two strains of Ganoderma
Page 351 and 352: Plate 51. Succulent bouquet of .Mai
Page 353 and 354: Pleurotuspulmonarius (Fries) Quelet
Page 355 and 356: Figure 287. F. pulmonarius fruiting
Page 359 and 360: GROWTH PARAMETERS 327 The Caramel C
Page 361 and 362: GROWTH PARAMETERS 329 Psilocybe whi
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Page 367 and 368: The King Stropharia of the Genus St
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Figure 297. Azureus Stamets holding
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 341 room can also
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 343 The Paddy Str
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Figure 303. Soaked straw is thrown
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 349 Figure 312—
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS T he The P
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 353 tude sickness
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 355 Ganoderma luc
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figure 318. U. lucidum (F'orintek's
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Natural Habitat: An annual mushroom
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 361 Figure 323—
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 363 Figures 327
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 367 Natural Metho
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 369 Comments: A s
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 371 form. Microsc
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Iligure 335. Maitake usually truits
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 377 1992, dried M
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 379 Fruitbody dev
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Figure 341. Sclerotia of North Amer
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 385 placed into a
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Lion's
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 389 Description:
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 393 Figure 349. W
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Wood E
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 397 A. polytricha
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS M orels Th
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 403 Figure 357. T
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 405 thousands per
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Figure 363. A Morel primordium form
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Common Names: The Black Morel The C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 413 Figure 372 &
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T e m p e r a U r e (°C) Profile o
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Figure 375. This mycological experi
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Growth Parameters* Spawn Run: Incub
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CHAPTER 22 Maximizing the Substrate
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dergoes another 50% reduction in ma
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CHAPTER 23 Harvesting, Storing, and
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Figure 378. Bouquets of Pleurotus o
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Figure 380. An example of poor pack
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P. a large blower located at one en
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CHAPTER 24 Mushroom Recipes: Enjoyi
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 433 Jack Czarnecki
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 435 Hope & Orson M
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 437 Robert Roselli
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Andrew Weil's Shiitake Teriyaki MUS
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 441 Recommended Mu
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T his CHAPTER 25 Cultivation Proble
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TROUBLESHOOTING 445 small tree frog
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Contaminants localized to point of
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TROUBLESHOOTING 449 PROBLEM CAUSE S
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APPENDIX I Descriptions of Environm
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proof electrical fixtures are essen
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neer systems with mushroom preserva
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APPENDIX II Designing and Building
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DESIGNING AND BUILDING A SPAWN LABO
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APPENDIX III The Growing Room: An E
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MOUTH MUSHROOM-CAVE NEAR PARI& THE
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Many farms employ pass-through curt
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move debris from the feet and enhan
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changes per hour required during th
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After washing, the growing room fee
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APPENDIX IV Resource Directory T he
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Mushroom Book Suppliers Fungi Perfe
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Mushroom Cultivation Seminars & Tra
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 487 Chibougamau
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 489 Nutmeg Mycol
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Centre for Land & Biological Resear
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J. B. Swayne Spawn (215) 444-0888 8
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 495 The Mushroom
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Material APPENDIX V Analysis of Bas
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASIC MAT ERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASI C M ATER
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M AT ER
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APPENDIX VI Data Conversion Tables
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1°F. = •5550 Kelvin 1° F = (.55
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DATA CONVERSION TABLES 517 Miscella
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Glossary A agar: a product derived
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droplets of spore bundles on relati
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mycophagist: a person or animal tha
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metabolic heat released as fungi, b
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Bibliography Adachi, K., H. Nanba,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 529 Chang, S.T. &W.A.
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______ BIBLIOGRAPHY 531 Gormanson,D
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_____1995. BIBLIOGRAPHY 533 Ito, T.
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wheat straw. Mushroom Journal of th
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_____J.A. 1991. Manual on mushmom c
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_____1987b. BIBLIOGRAPHY 539 Royse,
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_____,A. BIBLIOGRAPHY 541 Stijve, T
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543 1993. Boost immunity with medic
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A agaricum 351 agarikon 351 agar me
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ganoderic acids 368 Ganoderma 353,
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N Nuematoloma N. capnoides 237 N. f
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spore germination 100 spore load 24
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Alan Bessette Figures 52, 53 Julie
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