GROWING GOURMET - Anto2ni.it

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200 CROPPING CONTAINERS Figure 169. Inoculating columns. First, plastic ducting is cut to length and secured to the stainless steel funnel. (I had a spring-activated collar custommade for this purpose.) A knot is tied several inches off the ground. ethylene tubing has yet to be surpassed. Some growers strip the columns after colonization to expose the greatest surface area.The columns are held together with two to four vertically running lengths of twine. Although the intention is to maximize yield, the massive loss of moisture, combined with the die-back of exposed mycelium, can cancel any advantage contemplated. El-Kattan (1991) and others who have conducted extensive studies have found the accumulation of carbon dioxide during colonization has an enhancing effect on subsequent yields. Studies prove the partially perforated plastic gives rise to larger fruitings of Oyster mushrooms sooner than substrates fully exposed. Exposed columns not only lose more moisture, but they also allow the sudden escape of carbon dioxide, resulting in a substan- tial reduction of the total mass of the substrate. Controlling the loss of carbon dioxide has a beneficial impact on overall yield. Zadrazil (1976) showed that fully 50% of the mass of wheat straw evolves into gaseous carbon dioxide during the course of Oyster mushroom production. (See Figure 39.) Another factor in choosing a type of column culture is greatly determined by the mushroom strain. Strains of Oyster mushrooms which produce clusters of many mushrooms, and which are site-specific to the perforations, work better in the perforated column model than in the fully exposed one. Mushroom strains which produce only one, two or three mushrooms per cluster—as with some Pleurotus pulmonarius cultures—do not demonstrate an obvious advantage with the perforated column method. Hence, the benefits of perforated column can be easily overlooked unless you test many Oyster Figure 170. As the substrate fills the column, spawn is added and the plastic elongates. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
Figure 171. By slamming the culumn to the iloor during filling, the straw packs densely. CROPPING CONTAINERS 201 mushroom strains. From extensive trials, I have determined functional limits in the cultivation of Oyster mushrooms in columns. Columns less than 8 inches give meager fruitings and dry out quickly. Columns whose diameter exceeds 14 inches are in danger of becoming anaerobic at the core. Anaerobic cores create sites of contamination which emanate outwards, often overwhelming the outer layer of mycelium. (See Figurel68.) Columns are best filled with bulk, pasteurized substrates (such as straw) via conveyors leading to a stainless steel funnel. If conveyors are unavailable, then the pasteurized straw can be moved from the steam room (Phase II box) to a smooth table top via a pitch-fork. Either on the conveyor or on the table top, grain spawn is evenly distributed. The inoculated substrate is then directed to the recessed funnel. The funnel should be positioned 10-14 ft. above the Figure 172 & 173. Once filled, the collar is released and the plastic is tied into a knot. PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
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GROWING GOURMET and MEDICINAL MUSHR
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This book should help advance the c
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GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHR
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CHAPTER 1 Mushrooms, Civilization &
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Immortality (1976) where he postula
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CHAPTER 2 The Role of Mushrooms in
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tive species and planted in plots s
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ducing organ: the mushroom. Further
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fungi first to capture a twig, a bl
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The Global Environmental Shift and
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nm peroxidases and cellulases which
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CHAPTER 3 S electing a Candidate fo
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SELECTING A CANDIDATE FOR CULTIVATI
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N atural CHAPTER 4 Natural Culture:
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NATURAL CULTURE: CREATING MYCOLOGIC
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CHAPTER 5 The Stametsian Model: Per
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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CHAPTER 6 Materials for Formulating
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MATERIALS FOR FORMULATING A FRUITIN
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CHAPTER 7 Biological Efficiency: An
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY: AN EXPRESSIO
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CHAPTER8 Home-made vs. Commercial S
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HOME-MADE VERSUS COMMERCIAL SPAWN 6
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CHAPTER 9 The Mushroom Life Cycle W
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Figure 44. Scanning electron microg
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scape, the inycosphere, will give r
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Figure 51. A fully mature basidium.
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posites. The method of spore ejecti
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C ultivating CHAPTER 10 The Six Vec
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floor. After a minute or two, the c
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The best one can hope is that conta
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Figure 60. Storing petri mobile cre
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S terile CHAPTER 11 Mind and Method
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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CHAPTER 12 Culturing Mushroom Mycel
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CULTURING MUSHROOM MYCELIUM ON AGAR
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E very CHAPTER 13 The Stock Culture
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If one has ten or more replicates,
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eads: FVITC P2 11/16/92 C # 0825905
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Figure 87. Rhizomorphic mycelium di
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exemplified by Laetiporus suiphureu
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molds belonging to Penicillium, Asp
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duce odors which humans can recogni
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CHAPTER 14 Evaluating a Mushroom St
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Figure 96. Healthy mushroom myceliu
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EVALUATING sustained. Without secon
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14. Duration between 1st, 2nd and 3
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substantially in flavor. The cultiv
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G rain CHAPTER 15 Generating Grain
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Figure 101. One memod for preparing
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is added proportionately. Whereas t
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grams. 4 cups is approximately a li
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t .,..,..,,,.. ,'"'•• Figure 10
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Figure 111. Grain inoculated with m
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Figure 113. Gallon jars of 3rd gene
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ag resembles those still widely in
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Figure 116. Scanning electron nucro
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F— GENERATING GRAIN SPAWN 145 Fig
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Figure 120. Actively growing myceli
Page 165 and 166: Figure 122. Inoculating mycelium in
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Page 169 and 170: Figure 124. (Jyster mushrooms out"
Page 171 and 172: S awdust CHAPTER 16 Creating Sawdus
Page 173 and 174: Figure 125. Sawdust spawn of Reishi
Page 175 and 176: Figure 129. Dispersing the spawn th
Page 177 and 178: CHAPTER 17 Growing Gourmet Mushroom
Page 179 and 180: GROWING GOURMET MUSHROOMS ON ENRICH
Page 197 and 198: C H A P T E R 1 8 Cultivating Gourm
Page 199 and 200: ice, oat and sorghum straws are the
Page 201 and 202: Figure 146. A brick keeps the straw
Page 203 and 204: Figure 149. Newly constructed, scre
Page 205 and 206: spawn is gravity fed or hand broadc
Page 207 and 208: C hoosing CHAPTER 19 Cropping Conta
Page 209 and 210: onments typically ensue until the p
Page 211 and 212: Figure 158. The Phoenix Oyster, Ple
Page 213 and 214: Figure 162. The hinged wall-frame
Page 215: Figure 167. Bouquets of Golden Oyst
Page 219 and 220: latedsubstrate.An 8-ft. longcolumn,
Page 221 and 222: came a template for the cultivation
Page 223 and 224: CROPPING CONTAINERS 207 Figures 182
Page 225 and 226: CHAPTER 20 Casing: A Topsoil Promot
Page 227 and 228: CHAPTER 21 Growth Parameters for Go
Page 229 and 230: Figure 188. The Button mushroom (Ag
Page 231 and 232: of the surface, the region supporti
Page 233 and 234: other gourmet and medicinal mushroo
Page 235 and 236: INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Gilled
Page 237 and 238: Figure 193.20 days after inoculatio
Page 239 and 240: Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
Page 243 and 244: Harvest Hints: Since this mushroom
Page 245 and 246: The Enoki Mushroom Fkxmmulina velut
Page 249 and 250: GROWTH PARAMETERS 233 aspen, willow
Page 251 and 252: GROWTH PARAMETERS 235 short period
Page 253 and 254: Introduction: Before the publicatio
Page 257 and 258: GROWTH PARAMETERS 24f doors, this m
Page 261 and 262: Figure 216. Inoculated logs of Kuri
Page 263 and 264: GROWTH PARAMETERS 247 spores of spe
Page 265 and 266: In Japan, H. tessulatus is marketed
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Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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I Figure 224. Commercial cultivatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 255 Figures 226 a
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The Shiitake Mushroom of the Genus
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 261 Figure 231 &
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Figure 235. After soaking, logs can
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 265 Figure 240. A
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 269 This species
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Figure 249. The "Donko" form of Shi
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When I was a impoverished, near-sta
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 275 nated) for 24
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The Nameko Mushroom of the Genus Ph
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 281 Natural Metho
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The Oyster Mushrooms of the Genus P
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Introduction: Few mushrooms are as
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259. Bottle culture of P. cttrtnopl
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Figure 262. A beautiful clustered b
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oom Kit. ri Pertecti's oyster Musn-
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Figure Wild fruiting of P cystidios
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Pleurotus djamor (Fries) Boedjin se
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 299 studies are c
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Medicinal Properties: Not known to
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Figure 275 and 276. P. eryngii frui
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 309 Pleurotus euo
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 313 Pleurotus ost
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Figure 282. A sporeless strain of P
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Suggested Agar Culture Media: MYPA,
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Spawn Run: Temperature: 75° F. (24
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Plate 1. Fruiting culture of Agrocy
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Plate 7. Flammulina velutipes, the
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Plates 14. Shiitake mushrooms, Lent
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Plate 22. Pleurotus eryngii, the Ki
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Plate 44. Two strains of Ganoderma
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Plate 51. Succulent bouquet of .Mai
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Pleurotuspulmonarius (Fries) Quelet
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Figure 287. F. pulmonarius fruiting
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 327 The Caramel C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 329 Psilocybe whi
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dicinal properties, instead focusin
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The King Stropharia of the Genus St
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Figure 297. Azureus Stamets holding
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 341 room can also
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 343 The Paddy Str
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Figure 303. Soaked straw is thrown
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 349 Figure 312—
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS T he The P
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 353 tude sickness
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 355 Ganoderma luc
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figure 318. U. lucidum (F'orintek's
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Natural Habitat: An annual mushroom
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 361 Figure 323—
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 363 Figures 327
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 367 Natural Metho
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 369 Comments: A s
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 371 form. Microsc
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Iligure 335. Maitake usually truits
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 377 1992, dried M
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 379 Fruitbody dev
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Figure 341. Sclerotia of North Amer
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 385 placed into a
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Lion's
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 389 Description:
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 393 Figure 349. W
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Wood E
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 397 A. polytricha
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS M orels Th
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 403 Figure 357. T
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 405 thousands per
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Figure 363. A Morel primordium form
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Common Names: The Black Morel The C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 413 Figure 372 &
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T e m p e r a U r e (°C) Profile o
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Figure 375. This mycological experi
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Growth Parameters* Spawn Run: Incub
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CHAPTER 22 Maximizing the Substrate
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dergoes another 50% reduction in ma
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CHAPTER 23 Harvesting, Storing, and
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Figure 378. Bouquets of Pleurotus o
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Figure 380. An example of poor pack
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P. a large blower located at one en
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CHAPTER 24 Mushroom Recipes: Enjoyi
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 433 Jack Czarnecki
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 435 Hope & Orson M
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 437 Robert Roselli
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Andrew Weil's Shiitake Teriyaki MUS
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 441 Recommended Mu
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T his CHAPTER 25 Cultivation Proble
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TROUBLESHOOTING 445 small tree frog
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Contaminants localized to point of
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TROUBLESHOOTING 449 PROBLEM CAUSE S
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APPENDIX I Descriptions of Environm
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proof electrical fixtures are essen
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neer systems with mushroom preserva
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APPENDIX II Designing and Building
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DESIGNING AND BUILDING A SPAWN LABO
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APPENDIX III The Growing Room: An E
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MOUTH MUSHROOM-CAVE NEAR PARI& THE
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Many farms employ pass-through curt
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move debris from the feet and enhan
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changes per hour required during th
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After washing, the growing room fee
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APPENDIX IV Resource Directory T he
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Mushroom Book Suppliers Fungi Perfe
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Mushroom Cultivation Seminars & Tra
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 487 Chibougamau
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 489 Nutmeg Mycol
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Centre for Land & Biological Resear
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J. B. Swayne Spawn (215) 444-0888 8
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 495 The Mushroom
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Material APPENDIX V Analysis of Bas
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASIC MAT ERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASI C M ATER
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M AT ER
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APPENDIX VI Data Conversion Tables
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1°F. = •5550 Kelvin 1° F = (.55
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DATA CONVERSION TABLES 517 Miscella
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Glossary A agar: a product derived
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droplets of spore bundles on relati
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mycophagist: a person or animal tha
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metabolic heat released as fungi, b
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Bibliography Adachi, K., H. Nanba,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 529 Chang, S.T. &W.A.
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______ BIBLIOGRAPHY 531 Gormanson,D
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_____1995. BIBLIOGRAPHY 533 Ito, T.
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wheat straw. Mushroom Journal of th
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_____J.A. 1991. Manual on mushmom c
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_____1987b. BIBLIOGRAPHY 539 Royse,
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_____,A. BIBLIOGRAPHY 541 Stijve, T
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543 1993. Boost immunity with medic
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A agaricum 351 agarikon 351 agar me
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ganoderic acids 368 Ganoderma 353,
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N Nuematoloma N. capnoides 237 N. f
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spore germination 100 spore load 24
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Alan Bessette Figures 52, 53 Julie
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