GROWING GOURMET - Anto2ni.it

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x GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS Fruitbody (Mushroom) Development 217 The Gilled Mushrooms 219 The Black Poplar Mushroom of the Genus Agrocybe Agrocybe aegerita 220 The Shaggy Mane of the Genus Coprinus Coprinus comatus 224 The Enoki Mushroom Flamniulina velutipes 229 The Clustered Wood-lovers 236 Hvpholoma capnoides, Brown Gilled Woodlover 237 Hypholoma sub! ateritium, Kuritake (The Chestnut Mushroom) 242 The Beech Mushrooms 246 Hypsizvgus tessulatus, Buna-Shimeji 247 Hypsizygus ulmarius, Shirotamogitake 254 The Shiitake Mushroom Lentinula edodes 259 The Nameko Mushroom Pholiota nameko 277 The Oyster Mushrooms 283 Pleurotus citrinopileatus, The Golden Oyster Mushroom 285 Pleurotus cvstidiosus, The Abalone Mushroom 292 Pleurotus djamor The Pink Oyster Mushroom 297 Pleurotus eryngii, The King Oyster Mushroom 304 Pleurotus euosmus, The Tarragon Oyster Mushroom 309 Pleurotus ostreatus, The Tree Oyster Mushroom 313 Pleurotus pulmonarius "P sajor-caju ", The Phoenix or Indian Oyster Mushroom 321 The Caramel Capped Psilocybes Psilocybe cyanescens complex 327 The King Stropharia of the Genus Stropharia Stropharia rugoso-annulata 335 The Paddy Straw Mushroom of the Genus Volvariella Volvariella volvacea 343 The Polypore Mushrooms of the Genera Ganoderma, Grifola and Polyporus 351 Ganodernia lucidurn, Reishi or Ling Chi 355 frondosa, Maitake or Hen-of-the-Woods 370 Polyporus umbeilatus, Zhu Ling or the Umbrella Polypore 380 The Lion's Mane of the Genus Hericium Hericium erinaceus, Lion's Mane 387 The Wood Ears of the Genus Auricularia Auricularia polytricha 395 The Morels: Land-Fish Mushrooms of the Genus Morchella 401 The Morel Life Cycle 404 The Development of Indoor Morel Cultivation 405 PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS Xl Morchella angusticeps and allies: The Black Morels 409 22. Maximizing the Substrate's Potential through Species Sequencing .... 419 23. Harvesting, Storing, and Packaging the Crop for Market 423 Harvesting the Crop 424 Packaging and Storing the Crop for Market 426 Drying Mushrooms 427 Marketing the Product 429 24. Mushroom Recipes: Enjoying the Fruits of Your Labors.. . .... 431 25. Cultivation Problems & Their Solufions: A Troubleshooting Guide 443 Appendices I. Descriptions of Environments for A Mushroom Farm . ..... . 455 The Laboratory Complex 455 The Growing Room Complex 456 Environment 1: The Growing Rooms 456 Environment 2: The Spawning Room 456 Environment 3: The Pasteurization Chamber or Phase II Room 457 Environment 4: The Main Corridor: A Highway for Substrate & Product Flow 458 Environment 5: Sorting, Grading & Packing Room 458 Environment 6: The Refrigeration Room 458 Environment 7: Shipping & Receiving Room 459 Environment 8: Production/Recapture Open-Air Growing Room 459 II. DesigningandBuildingASpawnLaboratory .. 461 Design Criteria for A Spawn Laboratory 464 Good Clean Room Habits: Helpful Suggestions for Minimizing Contamination in the Laboratory 467 III. The Growing Room: An Environment forMushroomFormation&Development 469 Design Criteria for the Growing Rooms 470 Managing the Growing Rooms: Good Habits for the Personnel 478 lEST. Resource Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 Recommended Mushroom Field Guides 481 Mushroom Book Suppliers 483 Annual Mushroom Festivals & Events 483 Mushroom Cultivation Seminars & Training Centers 485 Mushroom Study Tours/Adventures 485 International Mushroom Associations 486 North American Mushroom Societies & Associations 486 PDF compression, OCR, web-optimization with CVISION's PdfCompressor
Page 1 and 2: GROWING GOURMET and MEDICINAL MUSHR
Page 3 and 4: This book should help advance the c
Page 5 and 6: GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHR
Page 9: GROWING GOURMET AND MEDICINAL MUSHR
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1 Mushrooms, Civilization &
Page 19 and 20: Immortality (1976) where he postula
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 2 The Role of Mushrooms in
Page 23 and 24: tive species and planted in plots s
Page 25 and 26: ducing organ: the mushroom. Further
Page 27 and 28: fungi first to capture a twig, a bl
Page 29 and 30: The Global Environmental Shift and
Page 31 and 32: nm peroxidases and cellulases which
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3 S electing a Candidate fo
Page 35 and 36: SELECTING A CANDIDATE FOR CULTIVATI
Page 37 and 38: N atural CHAPTER 4 Natural Culture:
Page 39 and 40: NATURAL CULTURE: CREATING MYCOLOGIC
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 5 The Stametsian Model: Per
Page 59 and 60: PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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PERMACULTURE WITH A MYCOLOGICAL TWI
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CHAPTER 6 Materials for Formulating
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MATERIALS FOR FORMULATING A FRUITIN
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CHAPTER 7 Biological Efficiency: An
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BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY: AN EXPRESSIO
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CHAPTER8 Home-made vs. Commercial S
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HOME-MADE VERSUS COMMERCIAL SPAWN 6
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CHAPTER 9 The Mushroom Life Cycle W
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Figure 44. Scanning electron microg
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scape, the inycosphere, will give r
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Figure 51. A fully mature basidium.
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posites. The method of spore ejecti
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C ultivating CHAPTER 10 The Six Vec
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floor. After a minute or two, the c
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The best one can hope is that conta
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Figure 60. Storing petri mobile cre
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S terile CHAPTER 11 Mind and Method
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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MIND AND METHODS FOR MUSHROOM CULTI
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CHAPTER 12 Culturing Mushroom Mycel
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CULTURING MUSHROOM MYCELIUM ON AGAR
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E very CHAPTER 13 The Stock Culture
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If one has ten or more replicates,
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eads: FVITC P2 11/16/92 C # 0825905
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Figure 87. Rhizomorphic mycelium di
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exemplified by Laetiporus suiphureu
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molds belonging to Penicillium, Asp
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duce odors which humans can recogni
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CHAPTER 14 Evaluating a Mushroom St
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Figure 96. Healthy mushroom myceliu
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EVALUATING sustained. Without secon
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14. Duration between 1st, 2nd and 3
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substantially in flavor. The cultiv
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G rain CHAPTER 15 Generating Grain
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Figure 101. One memod for preparing
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is added proportionately. Whereas t
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grams. 4 cups is approximately a li
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t .,..,..,,,.. ,'"'•• Figure 10
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Figure 111. Grain inoculated with m
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Figure 113. Gallon jars of 3rd gene
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ag resembles those still widely in
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Figure 116. Scanning electron nucro
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F— GENERATING GRAIN SPAWN 145 Fig
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Figure 120. Actively growing myceli
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Figure 122. Inoculating mycelium in
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the norm. The jars normally grow ou
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Figure 124. (Jyster mushrooms out"
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S awdust CHAPTER 16 Creating Sawdus
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Figure 125. Sawdust spawn of Reishi
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Figure 129. Dispersing the spawn th
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CHAPTER 17 Growing Gourmet Mushroom
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GROWING GOURMET MUSHROOMS ON ENRICH
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C H A P T E R 1 8 Cultivating Gourm
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ice, oat and sorghum straws are the
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Figure 146. A brick keeps the straw
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Figure 149. Newly constructed, scre
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spawn is gravity fed or hand broadc
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C hoosing CHAPTER 19 Cropping Conta
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onments typically ensue until the p
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Figure 158. The Phoenix Oyster, Ple
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Figure 162. The hinged wall-frame
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Figure 167. Bouquets of Golden Oyst
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Figure 171. By slamming the culumn
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latedsubstrate.An 8-ft. longcolumn,
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came a template for the cultivation
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CROPPING CONTAINERS 207 Figures 182
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CHAPTER 20 Casing: A Topsoil Promot
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CHAPTER 21 Growth Parameters for Go
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Figure 188. The Button mushroom (Ag
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of the surface, the region supporti
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other gourmet and medicinal mushroo
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Gilled
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Figure 193.20 days after inoculatio
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Growth Parameters Spawn Run: Incuba
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Harvest Hints: Since this mushroom
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The Enoki Mushroom Fkxmmulina velut
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 233 aspen, willow
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 235 short period
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Introduction: Before the publicatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 24f doors, this m
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Figure 216. Inoculated logs of Kuri
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 247 spores of spe
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In Japan, H. tessulatus is marketed
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I Figure 224. Commercial cultivatio
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 255 Figures 226 a
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The Shiitake Mushroom of the Genus
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 261 Figure 231 &
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Figure 235. After soaking, logs can
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 265 Figure 240. A
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 269 This species
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Figure 249. The "Donko" form of Shi
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When I was a impoverished, near-sta
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 275 nated) for 24
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The Nameko Mushroom of the Genus Ph
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 281 Natural Metho
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The Oyster Mushrooms of the Genus P
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Introduction: Few mushrooms are as
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259. Bottle culture of P. cttrtnopl
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Figure 262. A beautiful clustered b
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oom Kit. ri Pertecti's oyster Musn-
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Figure Wild fruiting of P cystidios
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Pleurotus djamor (Fries) Boedjin se
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 299 studies are c
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Medicinal Properties: Not known to
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Figure 275 and 276. P. eryngii frui
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 309 Pleurotus euo
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 313 Pleurotus ost
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Figure 282. A sporeless strain of P
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Suggested Agar Culture Media: MYPA,
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Spawn Run: Temperature: 75° F. (24
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Plate 1. Fruiting culture of Agrocy
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Plate 7. Flammulina velutipes, the
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Plates 14. Shiitake mushrooms, Lent
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Plate 22. Pleurotus eryngii, the Ki
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Plate 44. Two strains of Ganoderma
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Plate 51. Succulent bouquet of .Mai
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Pleurotuspulmonarius (Fries) Quelet
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Figure 287. F. pulmonarius fruiting
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 327 The Caramel C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 329 Psilocybe whi
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dicinal properties, instead focusin
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The King Stropharia of the Genus St
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Figure 297. Azureus Stamets holding
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 341 room can also
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 343 The Paddy Str
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Figure 303. Soaked straw is thrown
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 349 Figure 312—
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS T he The P
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 353 tude sickness
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 355 Ganoderma luc
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figure 318. U. lucidum (F'orintek's
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Natural Habitat: An annual mushroom
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 361 Figure 323—
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 363 Figures 327
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 367 Natural Metho
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 369 Comments: A s
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 371 form. Microsc
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Iligure 335. Maitake usually truits
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 377 1992, dried M
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 379 Fruitbody dev
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Figure 341. Sclerotia of North Amer
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 385 placed into a
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Lion's
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 389 Description:
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 393 Figure 349. W
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS The Wood E
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 397 A. polytricha
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INDOOR GROWTH PARAMETERS M orels Th
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 403 Figure 357. T
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 405 thousands per
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Figure 363. A Morel primordium form
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Common Names: The Black Morel The C
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GROWTH PARAMETERS 413 Figure 372 &
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T e m p e r a U r e (°C) Profile o
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Figure 375. This mycological experi
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Growth Parameters* Spawn Run: Incub
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CHAPTER 22 Maximizing the Substrate
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dergoes another 50% reduction in ma
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CHAPTER 23 Harvesting, Storing, and
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Figure 378. Bouquets of Pleurotus o
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Figure 380. An example of poor pack
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P. a large blower located at one en
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CHAPTER 24 Mushroom Recipes: Enjoyi
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 433 Jack Czarnecki
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 435 Hope & Orson M
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 437 Robert Roselli
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Andrew Weil's Shiitake Teriyaki MUS
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MUSHROOM RECIPES 441 Recommended Mu
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T his CHAPTER 25 Cultivation Proble
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TROUBLESHOOTING 445 small tree frog
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Contaminants localized to point of
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TROUBLESHOOTING 449 PROBLEM CAUSE S
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APPENDIX I Descriptions of Environm
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proof electrical fixtures are essen
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neer systems with mushroom preserva
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APPENDIX II Designing and Building
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DESIGNING AND BUILDING A SPAWN LABO
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APPENDIX III The Growing Room: An E
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MOUTH MUSHROOM-CAVE NEAR PARI& THE
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Many farms employ pass-through curt
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move debris from the feet and enhan
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changes per hour required during th
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After washing, the growing room fee
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APPENDIX IV Resource Directory T he
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Mushroom Book Suppliers Fungi Perfe
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Mushroom Cultivation Seminars & Tra
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 487 Chibougamau
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 489 Nutmeg Mycol
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Centre for Land & Biological Resear
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J. B. Swayne Spawn (215) 444-0888 8
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RESOURCE DIRECTORY 495 The Mushroom
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Material APPENDIX V Analysis of Bas
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASIC MAT ERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF B ASI C M ATER
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M ATERI
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C MATERIA
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Material ANALYSIS OF BASI C M AT ER
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APPENDIX VI Data Conversion Tables
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1°F. = •5550 Kelvin 1° F = (.55
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DATA CONVERSION TABLES 517 Miscella
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Glossary A agar: a product derived
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droplets of spore bundles on relati
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mycophagist: a person or animal tha
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metabolic heat released as fungi, b
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Bibliography Adachi, K., H. Nanba,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 529 Chang, S.T. &W.A.
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______ BIBLIOGRAPHY 531 Gormanson,D
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_____1995. BIBLIOGRAPHY 533 Ito, T.
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wheat straw. Mushroom Journal of th
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_____J.A. 1991. Manual on mushmom c
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_____1987b. BIBLIOGRAPHY 539 Royse,
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_____,A. BIBLIOGRAPHY 541 Stijve, T
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543 1993. Boost immunity with medic
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A agaricum 351 agarikon 351 agar me
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ganoderic acids 368 Ganoderma 353,
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N Nuematoloma N. capnoides 237 N. f
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spore germination 100 spore load 24
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Alan Bessette Figures 52, 53 Julie
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