Common Edible Mushrooms

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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS tainty all the specimens gathered for eating, and to look up their edibility in a standard text. Never eat those about whose identity there is even the slightest doubt. How to Identify Them Many kinds of edible fungi like morels, shaggymanes, inky caps, puffballs, the sulphur shelf fungus, the cone fungus, the Jew's ear, and a host of others can be recognized by the general shape, size, and color alone. Once you have studied the actual specimens, or even good pictures of them, you can recognize them anywhere. For this reason you should become familiar with the pictures and descriptions in this book before you go fungus hunting. To identify some species of gill fungi, however, you need to know whether there is a sheath or cup around the base of the stem, or a veil extending from the stem to the edge of the halfexpanded cap, as it does in the cultivated kinds you buy in the store. You must observe whether the gills come up close to the stem but do not touch it or are attached to it or run a short way down the stem. In many cases this means that to be sure of your fungus you need not only a single specimen but several, in various stages of development. (See Diagram i.) The characters that distinguish certain kinds are present at only one stage of growth and unless you find specimens in this stage you cannot be certain of their identity. For this reason even experienced amateur and professional mycologists find many single mushrooms about whose identity they are in doubt. If they are gathering fungi to eat and not to study, they leave these doubtful ones in the woods. You will find many mushrooms that are not described in this book, but unless you know them well, leave them alone! Never eat a fungus that you do not know with absolute certainty. Spore color is one of the simplest aids in the identification of mushrooms with gills. To determine the color of the spores it is necessary to make a spore print (Diagram 2), though deposits of spores are sometimes found on the leaves or grass beneath the 12
Diagram i. Three stages in the development of a typical mushroom. Diagram 2. A spore print is made as follows: The stem is cut off just below the cap (left); the cap is placed on paper, gills down (center); the resulting spore print is shown on the right. 13
Page 2 and 3: Plate 1. A. Coprinus micaceus (Mica
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Page 30 and 31: The Foolproof Four From the more th
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2. Pear-shaped puffballs com
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Page 46 and 47: Figure u. Amanita russuloides. Pois
Page 48 and 49: Figure 12. Amanitopsis vaginata. Ed
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Page 52 and 53: Figure 14. Cantharellus aurantiacus
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Page 64 and 65: Figure 22. Lactarius cilicioides. E
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS mycologists
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS The young p
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Figure 35. Panus rudis. Edible but
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS Figure 39.
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Rusty Brown Spore Print GENUS Pholi
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Pink Spore Print Edible: CLITOPILUS
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS stem with t
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS turn almost
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Figure 45. Agaricus campestris (Fie
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS Figure 47.
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Black Spore Print GENUS Coprinus So
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS The cap is
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Figure 53. Panaeolus solidipes. Edi
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS GENUS Calva
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Morels and Saddle Fungi Edible and
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Figure 55. Helvetia crispa. Edible.
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Pore Fungi GENUS Polyporus Edible:
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Edible: GENUS Clavaria Club Fungi A
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Tooth Fungi GENUS Hydnum These are
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Jelly Fungi The jelly fungi are so
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS and many an
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS therein. Wr
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS as a border
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS STUFFED EGG
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS peeled, esp
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS breaded and
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS DEFRIES, A.
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COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS Death cap,
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Spore color, i z Spore print, how t
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Common Edible Mushrooms

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