F OCUS - American Foreign Service Association
F OCUS - American Foreign Service Association F OCUS - American Foreign Service Association
Saharan Africa, where the number of conflicts being waged fell by more than half between 1999 and 2006 and the combat toll dropped by 98 percent over the same period. The study is the product of the Human Security Report Project, which in 2005 produced the respected Human Security Report (www.hum ansecurityreport.info/). The HSRP’s research is supported by the governments of Canada, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the U.K. — Susan Brady Maitra, Senior Editor Africa Progress Panel Tracks Promises The world food crisis “threatens to destroy years, if not decades, of economic progress” in Africa, and the Group of Eight’s commitment to double aid to the continent by 2010 is seriously off-track. Those were among the main points of the Africa Progress Panel’s 2008 report, “Africa’s Development: Promises and Prospects,” released by panel chairman Kofi Annan in mid-June (www.africaprogresspanel. org/pdf/2008%20Report.pdf). Despite progress on debt relief and significant increases in assistance by individual countries, the panel warns, the G-8 commitment is $40 billion short of its target. In the report assessing the state of the continent in 2008, six policy areas are surveyed: the food crisis, aid levels and aid quality, trade, climate change, infrastructure and good governance. The Africa Progress Panel was launched in April 2007 as a mechanism to hold world leaders to their commitments to Africa (www.africa progresspanel.org/english/index.p hp). It is an independent and authoritative body whose members comprise a unique repository of expertise on Africa and development. In addition to Kofi Annan, the panel currently includes former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, former IMF Managing 12 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JULY-AUGUST 2008 C YBERNOTES Director Michel Camdessus, musician and Live Aid founder Bob Geldof, former Education Minister of Mozambique Graça Machel, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, Nobel Prize winner and Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus, among others. — Susan Brady Maitra, Senior Editor Private Giving Rivals Official Aid The “big story” of the recent tragic events in Myanmar and China is not limited to governmental response, according to Dr. Carol C. Adelman, director of the Center for Global Prosperity at the Hudson Institute (www.hudson.org). Rather it is about “how private citizens, companies, charities and religious organizations have emerged as a front-line force” (http://gpr.hudson.org/proj ects/articles/IHTop_ed6408Carol %20Adelman.pdf). American corporations donated $90 million in aid to China (compared to $3.1 million by the U.S. government); in Myanmar, Americans donated $30.1 million (U.S. government aid totaled $24 million). In fact, today, private financial flows from all donor nations — including philanthropy, investments and remittances — account for over 75 percent of the industrialized world’s economic dealings with poor countries. In June, the Center for Global Prosperity released its second (and now annual) Index of Global Philanthropy 2008 documenting this new philanthropic landscape (http://gpr.hud son.org/). “The traditional ‘donor-torecipient’ model of foreign aid has been supplemented, if not supplanted, by public-private partnerships,” says Adelman. The new models are referred to as “social entrepreneurship,” “venture philanthropy,” or “creative capitalism.” Significantly, private American philanthropy to poor countries, including remittances, dwarfs U.S. government foreign aid by more than four to one. Another report, this one from the Conference Board (www.confer ence-board.org), argues for the new trend from the corporate perspective. “Corporate Responses to Humanitarian Disasters: The Mutual Benefits of Private-Humanitarian Cooperation” is available online at www.conference board.ca/documents.asp?rnext= 2554. While the latest Index of Global Philanthropy lists traditional philanthropic organizations such as the Kellogg and the Aga Khan Foundations, many “new and unexpected players” are becoming significant — such as Inter Milan, the Italian soccer team, which has helped more than 12,000 children in 17 countries gain access to soccer training, education and health care. Meanwhile, Internet giving or “ephilanthropy” has increased the ease and speed of donating. The I Do Foundation (www.idofoundation. org) encourages couples to link their wedding registries with their choice of charity. Kiva (www.kiva.org/), an online microfinance site, allows users to browse profiles of entrepreneurs in the developing world, lend them money and then track their progress. The index also documents the estimated $8.8 billion in international aid generated by American religious congregations, ranging from small church groups to larger organizations, such as the National Christian Foundation. Indeed, the reports provide inspiring glimpses into the world of private giving and compelling arguments for its benefits. But they also seem to beg the question: why does government aid pale in comparison? And what are the implications of this for ongoing efforts to reorganize government assistance? ■ — Ariana Austin, Editorial Intern
A TIRELESS ADVOCATE FOR THE FOREIGN SERVICE: THOMAS D. BOYATT LAST MONTH AFSA RECOGNIZED THE RETIRED AMBASSADOR’S MANY CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN DIPLOMACY AND HIS LIFETIME OF PUBLIC SERVICE. On June 19, Ambassador Thomas David Boyatt received the American Foreign Service Association’s Award for Lifetime Contributions to American Diplomacy, in recognition of a distinguished 26-year Foreign Service career and a lifetime of public service. Past recipients of the award include U. Alexis Johnson, Frank Carlucci, George H.W. Bush, Lawrence Eagleburger, Cyrus Vance, David Newsom, Lee Hamilton, Thomas Pickering, George Shultz, Richard Parker, Richard Lugar, Morton Abramowitz and Joan Clark. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 4, 1933, Thomas Boyatt received his B.A. from Princeton University in 1955, and an M.A. from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University the following year. He then served in the U.S. Air Force from 1956 to 1959 before entering the Foreign Service. Mr. Boyatt was posted first as vice consul in Antofagasta, Chile (1960-1962), then as assistant to the under secretary of the Treasury (1962-1964), economic officer in Luxembourg (1964-1966) and political counselor in Nicosia (1967- 1970). In 1970 he returned to Washington to be special assistant to the assistant secretary of State for the Near East. From 1971 to 1974, he was director of the Office of Cyprus Affairs. (During that period he also completed the State Department’s 1972-1973 Senior Seminar in Foreign Policy.) In 1975 Mr. Boyatt became minister-counselor in Santiago, his second assignment to Chile, spending three years there. He then served as ambassador to Upper Volta BY STEVEN ALAN HONLEY (now Burkina Faso) from 1978 to 1980, and was ambassador to Colombia from 1980 to 1983. Amb. Boyatt was promoted to the personal rank of career minister before retiring from the Foreign Service in 1985. He was vice president of Sears World Trade, a partner in the IRC Group, and became president of U.S. Defense Systems in 1990. The State Department conferred a Meritorious Honor Award on Amb. Boyatt in 1969 for his heroism during the hijacking of a TWA plane on which he was a passenger. The following year, he received AFSA’s William R. Rivkin Award “for intellectual courage, creativity, disciplined dissent, and taking bureaucratic and physical risks for peace on Cyprus,” and would also earn AFSA’s Christian A. Herter Award for Constructive Dissent in 1975. In 1999 he was awarded the Foreign Service Cup for post-retirement contributions to the Service, and he received a lifetime achievement award from the American Foreign Service Association in 2001. Several foreign governments have also decorated him. A former trustee of Princeton University, Amb. Boyatt has been a member of the advisory boards of the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton and the Patterson School at the University of Kentucky. In addition to serving as a director of the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University, he has taught for many years at the Foreign Service Institute. Amb. Boyatt is the president and founder of the Foreign Affairs Council, an umbrella group composed of AFSA and 10 other organizations that support the Foreign Service. He is also active in the American Academy of Diplomacy, the JULY-AUGUST 2008/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 13
- Page 1: A TIRELESS “AFSA-CATE” ■ HONO
- Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS AFSA NEWS DISSENTERS HONOR
- Page 8 and 9: Getting History Wrong I was astonis
- Page 10 and 11: Forgetting History The April Cybern
- Page 12 and 13: National Security Infrastructure: D
- Page 16 and 17: Association for Diplomatic Studies
- Page 18 and 19: udget of $3.5 million, and a profes
- Page 20 and 21: Pinochet to form a political party
- Page 22 and 23: aircraft was an American flag carri
- Page 24 and 25: of State’s attention to managemen
- Page 26 and 27: In recent months, the growing secur
- Page 28 and 29: Commission and the Judicial Reform
- Page 30 and 31: of government — notwithstanding t
- Page 32 and 33: setup, relying on elected provincia
- Page 34 and 35: order is a barrier to change, educa
- Page 36 and 37: development and governance prioriti
- Page 38 and 39: 36 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JULY-AUG
- Page 40 and 41: institutional memory, as well as th
- Page 42 and 43: ise of the Taliban. This has been b
- Page 44 and 45: Durand Line broke the region’s do
- Page 46 and 47: Center, that the TTP is bound to re
- Page 48 and 49: On Sept. 7, 1948, Secretary of Stat
- Page 50 and 51: ecame increasingly chaotic, with cr
- Page 52 and 53: What I want to get at is a problem
- Page 54 and 55: 52 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL/JULY-AUG
- Page 56 and 57: in turn, the enthusiastic applause
- Page 58 and 59: authority and against the advice of
- Page 61 and 62: AFSANEWS American Foreign Service A
- Page 63 and 64: V.P. VOICE: STATE ■ BY STEVE KASH
A TIRELESS ADVOCATE<br />
FOR THE FOREIGN SERVICE:<br />
THOMAS D. BOYATT<br />
LAST MONTH AFSA RECOGNIZED THE RETIRED AMBASSADOR’S MANY CONTRIBUTIONS<br />
TO AMERICAN DIPLOMACY AND HIS LIFETIME OF PUBLIC SERVICE.<br />
On June 19, Ambassador Thomas David<br />
Boyatt received the <strong>American</strong> <strong>Foreign</strong><br />
<strong>Service</strong> <strong>Association</strong>’s Award for Lifetime<br />
Contributions to <strong>American</strong> Diplomacy,<br />
in recognition of a distinguished<br />
26-year <strong>Foreign</strong> <strong>Service</strong> career and a<br />
lifetime of public service. Past recipients of the award<br />
include U. Alexis Johnson, Frank Carlucci, George H.W.<br />
Bush, Lawrence Eagleburger, Cyrus Vance, David Newsom,<br />
Lee Hamilton, Thomas Pickering, George Shultz,<br />
Richard Parker, Richard Lugar, Morton Abramowitz and<br />
Joan Clark.<br />
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on March 4, 1933, Thomas<br />
Boyatt received his B.A. from Princeton University in 1955,<br />
and an M.A. from the Fletcher School of Law and<br />
Diplomacy at Tufts University the following year. He then<br />
served in the U.S. Air Force from 1956 to 1959 before entering<br />
the <strong>Foreign</strong> <strong>Service</strong>.<br />
Mr. Boyatt was posted first as vice consul in Antofagasta,<br />
Chile (1960-1962), then as assistant to the under secretary of<br />
the Treasury (1962-1964), economic officer in Luxembourg<br />
(1964-1966) and political counselor in Nicosia (1967-<br />
1970). In 1970 he returned to Washington to be special<br />
assistant to the assistant secretary of State for the Near East.<br />
From 1971 to 1974, he was director of the Office of<br />
Cyprus Affairs. (During that period he also completed the<br />
State Department’s 1972-1973 Senior Seminar in <strong>Foreign</strong><br />
Policy.) In 1975 Mr. Boyatt became minister-counselor in<br />
Santiago, his second assignment to Chile, spending three<br />
years there. He then served as ambassador to Upper Volta<br />
BY STEVEN ALAN HONLEY<br />
(now Burkina Faso) from 1978 to 1980, and was ambassador<br />
to Colombia from 1980 to 1983.<br />
Amb. Boyatt was promoted to the personal rank of career<br />
minister before retiring from the <strong>Foreign</strong> <strong>Service</strong> in 1985.<br />
He was vice president of Sears World Trade, a partner in the<br />
IRC Group, and became president of U.S. Defense Systems<br />
in 1990.<br />
The State Department conferred a Meritorious Honor<br />
Award on Amb. Boyatt in 1969 for his heroism during the<br />
hijacking of a TWA plane on which he was a passenger. The<br />
following year, he received AFSA’s William R. Rivkin Award<br />
“for intellectual courage, creativity, disciplined dissent, and<br />
taking bureaucratic and physical risks for peace on Cyprus,”<br />
and would also earn AFSA’s Christian A. Herter Award for<br />
Constructive Dissent in 1975. In 1999 he was awarded the<br />
<strong>Foreign</strong> <strong>Service</strong> Cup for post-retirement contributions to<br />
the <strong>Service</strong>, and he received a lifetime achievement award<br />
from the <strong>American</strong> <strong>Foreign</strong> <strong>Service</strong> <strong>Association</strong> in 2001.<br />
Several foreign governments have also decorated him.<br />
A former trustee of Princeton University, Amb. Boyatt<br />
has been a member of the advisory boards of the Woodrow<br />
Wilson School at Princeton and the Patterson School at the<br />
University of Kentucky. In addition to serving as a director<br />
of the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown<br />
University, he has taught for many years at the <strong>Foreign</strong><br />
<strong>Service</strong> Institute.<br />
Amb. Boyatt is the president and founder of the <strong>Foreign</strong><br />
Affairs Council, an umbrella group composed of AFSA and<br />
10 other organizations that support the <strong>Foreign</strong> <strong>Service</strong>. He<br />
is also active in the <strong>American</strong> Academy of Diplomacy, the<br />
JULY-AUGUST 2008/FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL 13
Change language