Peach palm - World Agroforestry Centre

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6 4 Peach palm. Bactris gasipaes Kunth • Determine: (1) the most sustainable combination of plant density and number of stems/plant, and (2) the mineral requirements for long-term fruit production in plantations and in traditional agroforestry systems. • Determine: (1) the most sustainable combination of plant density, planting arrangement and offshoot management, and (2) the mineral requirements for long-term heart-of-palm production in plantations. • Determine the physiological, genetic and environmental factors involved in differentiation, development and phenology of vegetative and reproductive buds. • Determine the factors involved in the abscission of immature fruits in regions where this is a problem. • Quantify growth, yield and physiological parameters for fruit and heart-ofpalm production. Genetic improvement • Determine the costs and benefits of genetic improvement programmes for peach palm’s major products, including establishment of conservation projects for valuable landraces. • Characterize and fully evaluate accessions in existing germplasm banks, and analyze fruit quality characteristics of promising accessions. • Collect selected germplasm from the more valuable landraces of cultivated peach palm for provenance trials, progeny tests, germplasm banks and breeding populations (e.g. Vaupés, Colombia for fruit, and Pampa Hermosa around Yurimaguas, Peru for heart-of-palm). Collecting should target phenotypically superior individuals as identified by farmers. • Evaluate genetic variation in adaptively and economically important traits among and within landraces of cultivated peach palm in replicated multilocation provenance trials, and estimate their genetic parameters in replicated multilocation progeny tests. Traits are listed in Tables 7 and 8. • Determine the effectiveness of phenotypic selection in the field, and multitrait selection indices for early selection in the nursery, germplasm banks and experimental plots. • Determine the genetics of the incompatibility mechanism and the rate of selfing among and within landraces. • Determine inbreeding and heterotic effects on adaptively and economically important traits. • Determine if apomictic seeds are produced, and the frequency of apomixis if present. • Assess the potential value of peach palm’s ancestral forms for incorporation into genetic improvement programmes. Studies of indigenous knowledge about these ancestral forms could provide insight into their potential value.
Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 20. 65 Management of genetic resources and seed production • Determine the most appropriate approaches for in situ management/ conservation of the major landraces of cultivated peach palm. These approaches should be based upon farm/community-level management and use of genetic resources for local and regional economic development. • Determine the genetic structure and effective size of breeding populations in traditional agroforestry production systems, using electrophoresis and molecular methods, to help formulate management strategies for genetic resources on farm. • Determine the most efficient methods for seed production of selected germplasm. Taxonomy and phylogeny • Conduct a thorough systematic revision of the genus Bactris, including analysis of variation among and within species in the Guilielma complex, and determination of species status for the small-fruited ancestral forms.
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Peach palm - World Agroforestry Centre

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