De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope
De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope
De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope
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32 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE.<br />
LONGEVITY.-<strong>Trees</strong> attain an age <strong>of</strong> from 250 years (when <strong>the</strong>y are about 19<br />
inches in diameter) to 325 years. Very few records <strong>of</strong> longevity are available.<br />
RANGE.<br />
Timberline tree on <strong>the</strong> highest summits <strong>of</strong> northwestern and <strong>Pacific</strong> mountains,<br />
from British Columbia and Alberta to Montana, northwest Wyoming, Washington,<br />
Oregon, and sou<strong>the</strong>rn California, at elevations <strong>of</strong> 6,000 to 7,000 feet toward <strong>the</strong> north,<br />
5,500 to 9,300 feet in Oregon, 7,000 to 11,000 feet in California, and at 5,000 to 10,000<br />
in Idaho and Montana.<br />
CANADA.-Rocky Mountains at 6,000 to 7,000 feet, and northward to Rocky Mountains<br />
Park and Height <strong>of</strong> Land (latitude 520). Appears as far east as Castle Mountain and<br />
<strong>the</strong> Sweet Grass Hills on <strong>the</strong> Canadian boundary. Selkirk, Gold, and sou<strong>the</strong>rn Interior<br />
ranges at 5,000 to 7,000 feet. Coast Range as far west as Silver Mountain, near Yale,<br />
at 5,000 feet; also at head <strong>of</strong> Salmon River and on Iltasyouco River (latitude 530), but<br />
not yet found on Vancouver Island.<br />
WASHINoTON.-Cascade Range (mainly east side), nor<strong>the</strong>astern and Blue mountains,<br />
but absent from <strong>the</strong> Olympics; generally, at 4,500 to 7,500 feet. Common on eastern<br />
slopes <strong>of</strong> Cascades <strong>of</strong> Washington National <strong>Forest</strong> at 4,600 to 7,500 feet, and rare on<br />
west slopes above 6,000 feet. In Mount Rainier National <strong>Forest</strong> at 5,000 to 8,200 feet.<br />
In basins <strong>of</strong> Skykomish, Snoqualmie, Cedar, Green, White, Yakima, and Wenache Aivers<br />
and <strong>of</strong> Lake Chelan; also on Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helena, Mount Adams, State<br />
and Windy passes, Early Winters Creek.<br />
OREGON.-Frequent at timberline on both sides <strong>of</strong> Cascades and eastward to Blue and<br />
Powder River mountains, and highest ranges <strong>of</strong> Klamath River Basin; generally, at<br />
5,500 to 9,300 feet. In nor<strong>the</strong>rn Cascades forming timberline belt at 5,000 to 8,600 feet.<br />
Southward on both sides <strong>of</strong> main divide <strong>of</strong> Cascades, ranging from 6,000 to 9,300 feet;<br />
scarce on Umpqua-Rogue River Divide, and sparingly represented in <strong>the</strong> Siskiyous<br />
between Siskiyou and Sterling peaks. Yamsay Range only <strong>of</strong> interior Klamath River<br />
Basin and high ridges <strong>of</strong> Klamath-<strong>De</strong>schutes Divide. On Mount Hood, Mount Pitt,<br />
Mount Scott, Mount Mazama.<br />
CALIFORNIA.-Frequent from mountains about Shasta southward in Sierras to Kaweah<br />
peaks; generally, at 7,000 to 11,000 feet elevation. In Shasta National <strong>Forest</strong> on<br />
Mount Shasta at 7,000 to 8,000 feet, on warmest ridges up to 9,800 feet. Mount Eddy<br />
and Thompson Peak Ridge (between Canyon Creek and Salmon River, Trinity County)<br />
Mountain north <strong>of</strong> Mount Shasta and immediately east <strong>of</strong> Shasta Valley, and on Goosenest<br />
Mountain at 8,800 feet. West slope <strong>of</strong> Warner Mountains (nor<strong>the</strong>astern corner <strong>of</strong><br />
State) at 9,000 to 10,000 feet. In nor<strong>the</strong>rn Sierras, on Lassen, Spanish, and Castle<br />
peaks, also Mount I'leasant and o<strong>the</strong>r high summits at head <strong>of</strong> North and Middle forks<br />
<strong>of</strong> Fea<strong>the</strong>r River, and elsewhere up to 7,800 feet. High peaks west <strong>of</strong> Lake Tahoe<br />
(Eldorado County). In Stanislaus National <strong>Forest</strong>, generally between 8,000 to 9,500<br />
feet. Tuolumne County: Sonora Pass and above (altitude 9,600 feet) and down on west<br />
side to 8,500 feet; Mono Pass, down on east slope to 9,400 feet, and on west slope to<br />
little below 10,000 feet, <strong>the</strong>nce above pass to about 11,500 feet. <strong>Trees</strong> in pass bear<br />
limbs only on east side (effect <strong>of</strong> prevailing wind). White Mountain and Mount Conness;<br />
foot <strong>of</strong> glacier at north base <strong>of</strong> Conness Peak. Tuolumne Meadows region, above<br />
10,000 feet; upper Tuolumne River Canyon below Tuolumne Meadows; Mount Lyell,<br />
north side at 10,500 feet and <strong>the</strong>nce northward on west wall <strong>of</strong> Lyell Fork Canyon;<br />
Mounts Dana and Gibbs on west slope down to Tioga and Saddleback lakes; Ca<strong>the</strong>dral<br />
and Unicorn lakes and peaks (south <strong>of</strong> Tuolumne Meadows). Mariposa County: Sunrise<br />
Ridge, between Ca<strong>the</strong>dral Lakes and Little Yosemite. Mono County: From summit Mono<br />
Pass eastward down Bloody Canyon to about 9,400 feet; <strong>De</strong>vil's Cauldron (east <strong>of</strong><br />
Sierras and about 10 miles south <strong>of</strong> Farrinfton's Ranch). In Sierra National <strong>Forest</strong><br />
generally between 10,000 to 12,000 feet; and southward to head <strong>of</strong> Little Kern River<br />
(latitude 360 20'). Mount Whitney, up to 11,000 feet; Kearsarge Pass, to 12,000 feet;<br />
heads <strong>of</strong> North Fork <strong>of</strong> Kings River; rims <strong>of</strong> Granite Creek and on Middle Fork <strong>of</strong><br />
Kings River between Dougherty and Simpson Meadows; abundant on heads <strong>of</strong> North<br />
Fork Kings and South Fork San Joaquin rivers at 11,000 to 11,500 feet ; divide between<br />
Silver and Mono creeks, and from head <strong>of</strong> Silver Creek to South Fork San Joaquin,<br />
Mount Kaweah. Upper Bubbs Creek (tributary South Fork Kings River) ; about Bull<br />
Frog and East lakes.<br />
<strong>De</strong>tailed range in Rockies will be given in a later bulletin.<br />
OCCURRENCE.<br />
Confined to narrow altitudinal limits on alpine slopes and exposed ridges to timberline<br />
throughout its range. Grows among broken, bare rocks, in disintegrated granite,