De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope

FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 25
all our pines in their huge size and form, are from 12 to 16 inches long and
from 21 to 31 inches in diameter; occasionally, 18 to 23 inches in length. The
tips of the scales are shiny and pale reddish brown, the inner part of the scale
being a deep purple brown. Cones ripen during August of the second year and
shed their seeds by October. Cones seldom fall until the third spring or summer,
and sometimes they remain on the trees until the autumni of that year,
The seeds (fig. 4, a) are smooth, and vary from a dark chocolate to a blackish
brown. Seed leaves, 12 to 15. The wood is light and soft, but somewhat less
so than that of the western white pine; heartwood, pale reddish-brown; of
great commercial value.
LONGEVITY.-A very long-lived tree, reaching an age of from 300 to 500, and,
in occasional instances, nearly G00 years.
RANGE.
Mountains from North Fork of Santiam River, Oregon, southward in Coast and Catscades
ranges, Sierras, and southern California cross ranges, to Mount San Pedro Martir,
Lower California.
OREGON.-Mainly on west side of Cascades and northward to within a few miles northwest
of Mount Jefferson; on Siskiyous and mountains of Klamath Basin and eastward
to Goose Lake, generally at 2,000 feet to 3,000 feet elevation, but near coast down to
1,000 feet, while on east side of Cascades it goes to 5.000 feet. In northern Cascade
National Forest, only on North Fork of Santiam River, at 1,700 to :1,700 feet elevation,
from Chimney Peak to humbug Creek Basin (T. 9 S., R. 6 E., lat. 44° 47', long. 122° 4'),
the northern limit. South of this it occurs on headwaters of Willamette River (T. 22 S.
ht. 1 and 3 E'., T. 23 S., R. 2 to 4 E., T. 24 S., R. 3 to 4 E.), south of Fish Lake on
main divide (Tr. 27 S., R. 6, E.) ; in Rogue River Valley; on Rogue-TTmp(qua river divide
(T. 30 S., 11. 1 to 5 E., T. 31 S., It. 1 to 6), and more abundantly southward on Cascades
to Siskiyous. Crosses Cascades south of Fish 1Lake and occurs on headwaters of Deschutes
River between Sink Creeks, Walker Range, and Ilengra, also on south and east
basal slopes of Mount .Mazama. Extends along east slopes at elevations of 4,500 to
6,500 feet to beyond the Kilamath Marshes and Klamath Gap. Extends southeastward
between these marshes and upper Klamath Ltake, while farther east, in Yamsay Range,
it occurs on Fuego Mountain, in Black Hills, and eastward to Klamath-Deschutes divide,
where it ranges from head of Deschutes River to Gearhart Mountains and Drew Valley,
west of Goose Lake. Ashland National Forest, up to about 5,400 feet. A few trees at
about 1,700 feet in southern coast ranges of Curcy County (S. 2, T. 38 S., R. 14 W.,
and S. 35, T. 37 S., R. 14 W.), about 5 miles from coast.
CALIFORNIA.-In Siskiyous and southward over nocthern California abundant save on
higher peaks and in Shasta Valley, at elevations of 3,000 to 6,000 feet throughout western
two-thirds of State. Extends eastward to Mount Shasta and summits in Shasta National
Forest north of Shasta, but unknown on Modoe and Warner mountains in northeastern
California. Noted in Siskiyou County eastward to near Beswick (on Klamath River, just
south of Oregon line) ; also on Shovel Creek Ridge (near Klamath Falls), Little Shasta
Valley, and on Goosenest Mountain. Western limit, same ias that of yellow pine, follows
inland margin of fog belt 20 to 30 miles from coast. Klamath National Forest, at 3,000
to 5,000 feet elevation; reported also to extend nearly to sea-level on flats of Smith
River (Del Norte County) ; western limits in Siskiyou County at least to west slope
of Marble Mountain Divide and (west of it) Russian Creek basin; northward on Salmon
River to junction with Klamath River, and to 5,500 feet on Salmon Summit (on west)
and basin betwen Salmon Summit and Trinity Summit. Humboldt County; sparingly
on west slope of Trinity Mountain, between about 3,700 and 5,000 feet ; about 21 miles
from Hoopa Valley at 1,600 feet, and a little farther west common at 1,800 to 2,100
feet; here up north side of Supply Canyon to 2,600 feet (westmost limit). Mount
Shasta National Forest, at from 3,000 to 6,000 feet, sometimes up to 6,500 and down to
2,000 feet, and extending southward in Sacramento Canyon to the " Loop," while on
Mount Shasta it occurs only from a point 41) miles southeast of Edgewood, on northwest
side, around west and south sides to Ash Creek, reaching about 6,000 feet, but on south
slopes going to 7,500 feet. Farther south in Shasta County, east limits are Soldier
Mountain (1 mile northwest of Dana), ridge east of Fall River Valley (Shasta-Lassen
county boundary) ; noted westward to point 3 miles east of Montgomery, and on McCloud
River south to Baird. In Trinity National Forest it goes eastward to Lewiston on west
border of Sacramento Valley; Coast Range at 2,300 to 4,150 feet and southward to
Bully Choop and Yola Bull ranges and westward to upper Mad River; on north slopes