De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope

178 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE.
67° 10', long. 1540 30'), Klondike River near Dawson at about 1,500 feet (Yukon),
Lewes River below Lake Lebarge at base Semenow Hills (Yukon), Kenai Peninsula
(west of Prince William Sound), White Pass at summit (2,880 feet), Lake Lindeman
just inland from White Pass (Yukon), shores Lynn Canal, from sea level to timberline
3,330 feet, Chilkat River at Vanderbilt Point and elsewhere, Sitka.
BRITTSH COLUMBIA.-Rocky Mountains of eastern British Columbia and through interior
and coast ranges north to Alaska. Noted near west coast on Vancouver Island on
summits of Mounts Benson (3,300 feet), Mark (3,000 feet), and Arrowsmith (5,900
feet), and at Spence's Bridge (776 feet) on Thompson River just above its junction with
Fraser River.
WASHINGTON.-Mountain summits of whole State at 2,900 to 6,800 feet. Noted on
northern Cascades (but not on Mount Stuart), Stevens Pass (4,050 feet at crossing of
Great Northern Railroad), Olympic Mountains, Mount Rainier National Forest above
5,500 feet, Mount Rainier on Nisqually River near Longmire Springs and up to 7,500
feet, Mount Adams, Mount St. Helens, Loomis (1,200 feet, Okanogan County), but on
Blue Mountains.
OREGoN.-Summits of Cascades; not in Blue Mountains. Noted on Mount Hood on
north side at about 6,500 feet and on Mount Mazama.
CALIFORNIA.-South in Sierra Nevadas to Tuolumne County, in coast ranges to Trinity
County. Noted in Del Norte County, on Mount Shasta, encircling the peak near timberline
at 8,300 to 9,800 feet, above alpine lakes at head of Canyon Creek (Trinity County),
west side Mokelumne Pass (Alpine County), and Mono Pass (Tuolumne County).
OCCURRENCE.
On dry knolls, sandy flats, rocky slopes and ridges, interspersed among spruce and
aspen, and enduring same climatic conditions.
TOLERANCE.-X cry tolerant.
REPRODUCTIoN.-Fairly abundant seeder. Little known of seeding habits and reproduction
in wild state.
Rocky Mountain Red Cedar.
Juniperu~s scopulorum Sargent
DISTINGIUISHING CHARACTERISTICS.
Rocky Mountain red cedar was long supposed to be a western form of the wellknown
" red cedar " (J. virginiana) of northeastern United States. It differs
from this tree in maturing its " berries " in two seasons instead of in one season.
The two trees are similar in general appearance, and the heartwood of
both is of a similar dull red color; but so far as now known, the western tree
has a distinctly more western range.
In open situations it is somewhat bushy, from 15 to 20 feet high, with a short
trunk, from 0 to 10 inches through, and a rather narrow, rounded crown of large,
long limbs, which trend upward; often there are several stems together. In
sheltered canyons, on the other hand, it has a single, straight trunk from 25 to
30 or more feet high and from 12 to 18 inches through, with a slender, branched
crown, and the ends of the branches and twigs are often so decidedly drooping
or even pendent that in some sections the tree is known as a " weeping juniper."
The somewhat stringy bark, shallowly cut into a network of narrow seams and
ridges, is red brown in color or, on the outside, grayish. Much more is to be
learned regarding the characteristics of this really little known tree.
The minute scale-like, pointed, often long-pointed, leaves (fig. 69) cover the
slender 4-sided twigs in 4 rows of alternately opposite pairs; the back of each
leaf usually has a long, indistinct pit (gland). The foliage varies from a dark
green to a light green-the latter shade emphasized by a whitish bloom. Mature
berries (figs. 69, 70) are smooth, are clear blue in color (from a whitish bloom
which covers the thin blackish skin), and usually contain 2 seeds (sometimes 1)
if a sweet, resinous pulp. Seeds (fig. 69, a) are pointed at the top end,