De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope

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FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE.
thence throughout yellow pine forest northward and northeastward on road to Blood's,
up to 6,600 feet or more; west and southwest of Bigtrees to 4 or 5 miles east of Murphy's.
Tuolumne County: On road from Sonora to Sonora Pass, and from Confidence
eastward beyond Eureka Valley, reaching 8,000 feet on warm slopes (Big Oak Flat to
Crockers) ; occurs from South Fork of Tuolumne River eastward to Crockers, Aspen
Meadows, and Middle Fork of Tuolumne, at 6,800 feet; Hetch-Hetchy Valley; road from
Crockers to Yosemite Valley, but not at highest elevations. Mono County: Sonora Pass
(east side) below 8,100 feet; Mono Pass in lower Bloody Canyon, Walker Lake; 3
miles east of Mammoth, and west up slopes. Mariposa County: (Yosemite road from
Raymond to Wawona) occurs above Wassama; from Yosemite to Crockers as far as
Cascade Creek, at 6,000 feet, and also on Tuolumne side of divide; Yosemite Valley,
especially west end, going eastward above Little Yosemite on warm slopes, to 8,200 feet;
on west slope of Sunrise Ridge to 8,000 feet; above top of Yosemite Fall to 7,000 feet;
then northward to Porcupine Flat and Tioga Road, and eastward to ridge west of Lake
Tenaya, at 8,300 feet. Fresno County: Horse Corral Meadows; IKings River canyon
eastward to Junction Meadow In Bubbs Creek canyon. Tulare County: North Fork of
Kaweah River canyon at Bearpaw Meadow, Buck Creek canyon, head basin and canyon
of East Fork Kaweah, Farewell Gap; Kern River canyon up to 7,700 feet, and Kern
Lakes, 1,500 feet up canyon sides; South Fork of Tule River In eastern part of Tule
Indian Reservation. Kern County: Throughout Greenhorn Mountains and head of Poso
Creek above 5,000 feet, on Pilte Mountain, between head of Caliente Creek an4d Kern
Valley, summit of Mount Breckenridge, and possibly on other mountains south of South
Fork of Kern River and Walker Pass; south slopes of Tehachapi Mountain below 7,000
feet, and down Antelope Canyon. In eastern part of Santa Barbara National Forest
(southern cross ranges) ; noted on San Rafael Range; Mount Pifios, at 4,900 to 8.000
feet; Pine and Frazier mountains. San Gabriel Mountains, on Strawberry Peak, Pine
Flats, Prairie Forks, and San Antonio, at 5,000 to 10,000 feet. North slopes of San
Bernardino Mountains, at 4,800 to 10,000 feet, occasionally down to 4,000 feet and up
to 11,500 feet; occurs also between Skyland and Fredalba, westward to Sugar Pine Flat,
and eastward to Baldwin Lake-possibly farther; Crafts Peak; Holcomb Valley, only
on north slopes next desert, and down to Jeffrey Pine belt. San Jacinto Mountains, at
6,000 to 9,500 feet, or sometimes between 4,200 and 9,700 feet; noted in basin between
Fullers Ridge and north spurs of Mount San Jacinto, on south walls of Round and Tahquitz
valleys, in Strawberry Valley to near summit of Mount San Jacinto. Abundant on
Palomar or Smith Mountain and Balkan Mountains; also on Cuyamaca Mountains above
5,500 feet.
L.owER CALIFORnNIA-Mount San Pedro Martir, at 8,000 to 11,000 feet.
The detailed range of white fir in the Rocky Mountain region will be described
in a later bulletin.
OCCURRENCE.
A tree of moderate altitudes and generally en north slopes. Less particular as regards
aspect in North than in South. In southern Oregon, less abundant and at higher levels
on east than on west slopes. In northern California, best and in greatest density on
north and east exposures, and on heads of streams; southern California, rather confined
to north slopes away from stream beds. Thrives on almost all moderately moist soils,
except heavy clays. Best on fairly deep, rich, moist loam; frequent on dry, nearly pure,
coarse, disintegrated granite, and even among bowIders. Requires less air and soil
moisture than other firs, though Its best growth is in cool, moist situations.
Never in pure stands over large areas, but in Oregon and northern California often
forms three-fourths of stand. In southern Cascades, scattered among yellow and sugar
pines, Douglas fir, incense cedar, and sometimes with lodgepole pine; groups covering
less than an acre of this and Douglas fir in nearly equal proportions are frequent
throughout this forest. In California commonly with yellow, Jeffrey, and sugar pines,
incense cedar, and less often with Douglas fir, in lower range ; at higher levels with
lodgepole pine, Jeffrey pine, and California red fir, usually forming a transition type
between the former and last two types; stand toward upper limit of yellow and sugar
pine, often of great density. A frequent associate also of the bigtree, together with
sugar pine. At high levels in southern California, with sugar, Coulter, and lodgepole
pines, and incense cedar.
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.-Climate moderately humid with extreme temperatures of
-38° F. In Colorado and 98° F. in southern California, a precipitation of from 19
inches in Colorado to 40 inches in Oregon, an average precipitation throughout Its range
of about 25 inches, and heavy winter snows melting late in spring.
TOLERANCF.-Very tolerant throughout life. With favorable soil and moisture conditions,
usually more shade enduring than any associated species. except Engelmann