De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope

98 FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE.
tree at 5,500 to 7,000 feet-sometimes to 7,800 feet, and straggling down to 3,000 feet.
Locally noted as follows: Mount Hood (timberline) on head of East Fork of Hood River
at 6,400 feet, and of Clear Fork at 5,100 feet, down on southwest side to a little below
Government Camp (3,600 feet) ; on north side to about 3,000 feet; Mount Jefferson;
headwaters of Clackamas River, at about 0,000 feet; Salt Creek; divide between Row
River and Middle Fork of Willamette River. Cascade National Forest (South), abundant
on both sides of Cascades and on Umpqua-Rogue River Divide; on east side, at 6,000
to 9,200 feet, and on west side, at 5,900 to 9,200 feet: best growth at 6,200 to 7.000
feet. High summits of Siskiyous-also on north slopes of Siskiyou Peak, but not detected
east of Cascades, in Klamath ranges. Locally noted at Crater Lake (rim of Crater),
down to near Pole Bridge Creek (6,100 feet), and on Mount Scott, up to 8,000 feet.
CALIFORaxA.-Northern cross ranges and west side of Sierras southward to Bubbs
Creek at head of South Fork of Kings River (lat. 36° 40'), probably also in San Jacinto
Mountains,- generally at from 6,000 to 11,000 feet elevation. On northern mountains
from Siskiyous and Trinity Mountains eastward to ranges north of Mount Shasta and
west of Butte Creek, including Goose Nest Mountain, extending northward to the
Oregon line, reappearing on Glass Mountain (boundary of Siskiyou and Modoc counties)
at 7,500 to 9,000 feet, Siskiyous above 6.000 feet. Reported in mountains east of Crescent
City (Del Norte County). Marble Mountain Divide (vest of Scott Valley, Siskiyou
County) on summit of pass (5,700 feet), and on higher parts of ridge. Trinity County:
Canyon Creek, at point about 7 miles north of Dedrick, at 4,500 feet elevation, and
northward to head of creek, here mingled with Shasta fir and weeping spruce. North
part of Mount Shasta National Forest, at 7,000 to o'er 8,000 feet; throughout southern
part at elevations from 6,500 feet to timberline (8,000 to 9,000 feet). Mount Shasta, at
various points between 7,200 and 8,700 feet. Abundant on west side of northern Sierras,
at 6,000 to 10,000 feet; less frequent in southern part, and at 8,000 to 11,000 feet.
In Lassen P'eak, P'lumas, and T)iamond Mountain National Forests at elevations above
6,000 feet and on such peaks as Lassen Peak, slopes near Drakes, Spanish Peak, and
Mount Pleasant. Tahoe National Forest, Mount Fillmore and southward on all summits,
at elevations from 7,500 to timberline (about 10,000 feet), except on main divide between
south end of Sierra Valley and north line of Sierraville Quadrangle (Sierra County);
locally noted on Pyramid Peak (11 miles above Fornis), near Ralston Peak, in Devils
Basin (east of Pyramid P'eak), and on high summits near Donner, at 7,500 to 8,500
feet. Stanislaus National Forest, on summits at 6,900 to 9,400 feet. Here locally
noted on divide south of North Fork of Mokelumne River (9 miles north of Bloods);
Mount Reba (north Fork of Mokelumne River) ; near Wood's place (road to Kirkwood).
Placerville P'nss and adjacent peaks southwest of Lake Tahoe, at 7,500 feet
to timberline. Sierra National Forest, summits at elevations between 8,000 and
11,000 feet, and southward to Bubbs Creek (tributary, South Fork of Kings River,
T. 14 S., It. 33 E.), reaching east slope of Sierras at head of Owens River; lower part
Kearsarge Pass, at north base of West Vidette Mountain and canyon between Vidette and
Junction Meadows. Locally noted as follows: Mokelumne Pass (headwaters of Silver
Creek and upper Mokelumne River) ; Tuolumne Meadows, at 9,500 to little over 10,000
feet on White Mountain and Mount Conness, Lookout Knob, Lambert Dome, ridge
between Dingley and Delaney creeks, old Tioga mine, upper Tuolumne Canyon, base of
Unicorn Peak, Cathedral Lakes and Peak, head of Cathedral Creek, Lyell Fork of Tuolumne,
at 10.500 feet; head Snow Creek (Mount Hoffman), about May Lake, and southwest
flank of mountain down to 8,500 (near Tioga road) ; near Lake Tenaya; head of
Mono Creek and Pass; Sunrise Peak (between Tuolumne Meadows and Yosemite), at
10,000 feet; Tuolumne I)ome, at 8,000 feet; Snow Canyon (Yosemite Park) ; Kings
Creek Mountain; head of North Fork of San Joaquin River, at 8,000 feet, and on its
tributaries Silver and Fish creeks, at about 10,000 feet; Bubbs Creek. San Jacinto
Mountains, on Wellman Flat, at 7,500 feet.
The detailed range of mountain helnilock in Idaho and Montana will be dealt
with in a later bulletin.
OCCURRENCE.
Mainly at timber line, but in far north at sea level. Southward, vertical range is
determined by gradual ascent of favorable climatic and moisture conditions, until, at
south, the tree is confined to high, cold, moist, mountain slopes and valleys. Thrives in
most well-drained soils, not too dry ; but best in loose, coarse, moist ones.
- This remarkable extension of range is supported by a photograph of a large tree
taken in 1899 (?) by T. 1P. Lukens. It is hoped that this record may be fully verified
later.