De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope
De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope
De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope
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56<br />
FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE.<br />
east <strong>of</strong> Chico, 8 miles east <strong>of</strong> Nelson, and to Palermo; eastward to point 1 mile east <strong>of</strong><br />
Magalia (2,300 feet), West Branch Fea<strong>the</strong>r River, Yankee Hill, Harts Mill (1,700 feet;<br />
7 miles east <strong>of</strong> Bidwell Bar). Yuba County: Westward to point 12 miles east <strong>of</strong> Marysville;<br />
eastward to west base <strong>of</strong> Oregon Hills. Nevada County: Eastward nearly to<br />
Grass Valley and Nevada City. Placer County: Westward to Rocklin (22 miles nor<strong>the</strong>ast<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sacramento) ; eastward to Colfax and considerably far<strong>the</strong>r in canyon <strong>of</strong> North<br />
Fork <strong>of</strong> American River. Sacramento County: Westward to Natoma (American River)<br />
and Michigan Bar. Eldorado County: Eastward 3,000 feet to point 5 miles east <strong>of</strong><br />
I lacerville, Pleasant Valley, canyons <strong>of</strong> North, Middle, and South Forks <strong>of</strong> Cosumnes<br />
River and Mount Orcum. Amador County: Westward to point 1 mile east <strong>of</strong> Carbondale;<br />
eastward to Oleta, Jackson Reservoir (1,900 feet), volcano basin (Sutter Creek),<br />
and between volcano and Oleta. Calaveras County: Westward to point few miles east <strong>of</strong><br />
Wallace and some miles below Tuttletown and Angels; eastward to Rich Gold Gulch,<br />
Mountain Ranch, Mokelumne River at least to crossing between West Point and <strong>De</strong>fender,<br />
to point 5 miles east <strong>of</strong> Murpheys (3,200 feet), and far<strong>the</strong>r in canyon <strong>of</strong> North Fork<br />
Stanislaus River. Tuolumne County: Westward to point 8 miles east <strong>of</strong> Cooperstown<br />
(1,200 feet) ; eastward to Cherokee Mine (east <strong>of</strong> Soulsbyville), Hetch-Hetchy Valley<br />
(on main Tuolumne River), to 3,500 feet on Middle Fork <strong>of</strong> Tuolumne River. Mariposa<br />
County: Westward to point 3 miles east <strong>of</strong> Merced Falls; eastward to point 5 miles east<br />
<strong>of</strong> Coulterville (3,200 feet), to point 2 miles north <strong>of</strong> Cold Springs (Mariposa road),<br />
to point on Merced River about 5 miles east <strong>of</strong> Mariposa, some distance east <strong>of</strong> Chowchilla<br />
at 3,100 feet, ridge near South Fork <strong>of</strong> North Fork San Joaquin River. Madera<br />
County: Westward to point 2 miles west <strong>of</strong> Raymond (900 feet) and 16 miles east <strong>of</strong><br />
Madera (1,000 feet) ; eastward to point 3 miles nor<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong> Wassama (3,100 feet),<br />
some miles east <strong>of</strong> Fresno Flat, at 3,000 feet, ridge east <strong>of</strong> North Fork, at 2,600 feet.<br />
Fresno County: Westward to point 4 miles east <strong>of</strong> Pollasky, to Letcher, mouth <strong>of</strong> Mill<br />
Creek, on Kings River about 20 miles east <strong>of</strong> Sanger; eastward to Pine Ridge east <strong>of</strong><br />
Toll House, Big Creek, and Trimmer Springs (on Kings River). Distribution interrupted<br />
in sou<strong>the</strong>rn Sierras; occurs in valley <strong>of</strong> Kern River from point 1 mile west <strong>of</strong> Walker<br />
Pass to Kernville, at elevations <strong>of</strong> 2,500 to 5,000 feet; southward to Walker Basin at<br />
3,100 feet, and northward on Greenhorn Mountains, continuously into Tule Indian Reservation.<br />
Abundant from Kings River northward, but absent from parts <strong>of</strong> Tule River<br />
basin, from Kaweah basin, and from region between Kaweah and Kings rivers, but<br />
reported in Eshom Valley. Kern County: Kernville to Havilah, Walker Basin, and nearly<br />
to Caliente; east <strong>of</strong> Caliente on north slopes about 1i miles up Caliente Creek (1,400<br />
feet), and to far beyond Piute post-<strong>of</strong>fice, going eastward to west edge <strong>of</strong> desert, here<br />
meeting upper border <strong>of</strong> tree yuccas; west <strong>of</strong> Caliente, on slopes <strong>of</strong> Bear Mountain;<br />
south <strong>of</strong> Caliente, common on slopes <strong>of</strong> Tehachapi Pass; encircles Tehachapi Basin, east<br />
<strong>of</strong> Tehachapi, on hills between Tehachapi Basin and Mohave <strong>De</strong>sert; west <strong>of</strong> Tehachapi<br />
Valley, on divides about Brite and Cummings valleys; westward from west end <strong>of</strong> Cummings<br />
Valley for about 12 miles to promontory overlooking Kern River plain.<br />
Reported northward in Coast Mountains to south slopes <strong>of</strong> Siskiyous, eastward to<br />
Owens Valley, and southward to San Bernardino Mountains.<br />
OCCURRENCE.<br />
In tot, dry valleys and on dry foothills. Grows thriftily on driest, shallow, coarse,<br />
gravelly soils-<strong>of</strong>ten baked and cracking throughout rainless summer. Unaffected even<br />
where brush Is killed by drought. Never<strong>the</strong>less it grows rapidly and very thriftily<br />
when planted in moist, rich soils within its range, where it becomes a much heavier<br />
foliaged tree.<br />
Does not form forests, but occurs mainly in open groups or widely scattered at lower<br />
elevations, mostly with chaparral and foothill oaks; higher up, less abundant and<br />
mingled with scattered western yellow pine, which <strong>of</strong>ten extends below its main belt.<br />
Best growth between 2,000 and 3,000 feet, where it is <strong>the</strong> only pine in chaparral.<br />
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.-Not fully determined. Climate most suitable, apparently that<br />
only <strong>of</strong> arid regions.<br />
TOLERANcE.-In early life endures shade, but does not require it. Seedlings come up<br />
and grow rapidly under chaparral. In late life general appearance <strong>of</strong> tree indicates need<br />
<strong>of</strong>, or adaptation to, <strong>the</strong> fullest light.<br />
REPRODUCTIoN.-An annual seeder, but certain years cones are more abundant than<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs. Germination only moderate, and vitality <strong>of</strong> seeds (out <strong>of</strong> cones) transient.<br />
Large, heavy seeds scattered but little by wind, and falling mostly close to seed trees:<br />
hence reproduction mainly near seed trees. Seeds germinate late in winter during rainy<br />
season, usually under some shade and upon rough, bare mineral soil,