De I. VNER VEW D Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope

FOREST TREES OF THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 47
Stands
TOLERANcE.-Demands
may remain
large amount
dense
of
for
light
from
throughout
10
life,
to
especially
15 years,
in older
but
age.
trees above 20 feet in height
after that
require
they
almost
thin out
unbroken
rapidly;
rarely closer than 30
light.
feet,
Trees
and
in
the
mature
crowns
stands
seldom
are
not endure intense light
touch.
and heat,
In south,
usually
seedlings
coming up
do
near logs, bowlders, in
and
shade
brush,
of old
which
trees,
afford
in openings
slight protection;
unprotected
in north they
openings.
grow in
REPRODUCTION.-Frequent
and abundant
so that
seeder.
there is
Cones
always are
some
locally
seed
produced
in a forest;
every
good
year,
3 to 5 years. Germination
seed years
of
occur
natural
at intervals
sowing, of
about
from
from 60 to 80 per cent.
50 per
Seed
cent;
is produced
of artificial
by trees
planting,
is scanty and of poor
from
quality
20 to 25
until
years
trees
old,
are
but
50
generally
over 1,000 cones; years
average old.
amount
Large,
of
thrifty
seed, from
trees
1
produce
In dense stands, to
but
6
in
pounds.
open forests
Seed is
it
not
is scattered
carried fat
in direction of prevailing
from 500
wind.
to 700
A mature
feet from
tree
the
can
tree
an ordinary seed year.
seed about
Squirrels
one-fourth
and birds
of an
eat
acre
large
in
considerable numbers, numbers
but can not
of
be
seeds
depended
and disseminate
as washed down
on
steep
for regular
slopes reproduction.
to stream beds
Much
and
seed
often occurs. Well
depressions,
drained, fresh
where
soils,
good
and
reproduction
a moderate daily
necessary
range
for
of
germination.
temperature are
Jeffrey Pinie.
Piets jeffreyi " Oreg. Coin."
DISTINGUISIIING CIHARACTERISTICS.
Jeffrey pine is scarcely less magnificent in size than its associate the western
yellow pine. Some specialists consider it a variety of Pinus ponderosa, w hich
it resembles so closely in its habits and soil and climatic requirements that
from the forester's lsoiit of view there appears to be no practical reason for
distinguishing the two. Dendrologically,
however, the typical form of
Jeffrey pine (discovered in northern California in 1850 by John Jeffreys) dif
fers in many respects from western yellow pine. It is a large-bodied, straight
tree, with a long, narrow crown, the branches of which are much less stout
and angled than those of its relative. Its foliage is heavier, more dense, and
a distinctly dark blue-green. As a rule, the dark red-brown bark is deeply
fnrroxed, and the ridges, often narrowv, are irregularly connected with one
nnother. On very old trees the bark is deeply broken into long, wide plates of a
bright red-brown color. The leaves (fig. 14, a), 5 to 91 inches long, occur in
bundles of 3 and persist for from 5 to S and sometimes 9 years. In conse-
quence, the foliage appears dense. The tvigs of a year's growth are con-
siderably thicker than those of the western yellow pine, and distinctly purple
when young; they exhale, when cut or bruised, a fragramt, violet-like odor.
The cones (fig. 14), purple at maturity, are a light russet-brovn after shedding
their seeds, and are from 5k to 114 iiicbes long. The seeds (fig. 14, 0), larger
than those of the western yellow pimie, are similarly nottled. Seed leaves, 7
to 10-sometimes 11. Wood, light straw color and rather
lar wide in commercial grained;
value siiai-
to w the vestern
LONGEVITY.-Long-lived,
yellow pine.
reaching an age of from 300 to 410
age
years.
determinations
Further
are required.
RANGE.
Mountains of southern Oregon and southward to northern Lower California.
OREGOo.-Found at only two stations-one about 30 miles south of Roseburg, In
Douglas County, and the other near Waldo, in the Siskiyou Mountains.
CALIFOaNIA.-Sources of Pitt River and (high levels) on Scott Mountains (near Mount
Shasta), west of and on east slope Mount Eddy down to level and near Sisson; reported
in Trinity Mountains at elevations above 3,5oo feet, and on Snow Mountain (Lake
County). East side of Sierras, in central and southern parts, between about 9,000 and