The Death of Christian Britain

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— Notes to pages 209–213 — 50 Ibid. 51 Christianity and Society, April 2004, pp. 30–31. 52 Herbert, Religion and Civil Society, p. 22. 53 Morris, ‘Strange Death’, p. 969; Brown, Postmodernism, pp. 66–7; though, on the present, cf. Z. Bauman, Liquid Life, Cambridge, Polity, 2005. 54 Actually, the Lerwick case is complex and exceptional in Britain; see L. Abrams, Myth and Materiality in a Woman’s World: Shetland 1800–2000, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2003. 55 D. Riley, ‘“The free mothers”: pronatalism and working women in industry at the end of the last war in Britain’, History Workshop Journal, Spring 1981, pp. 59–118. Employers had a different attitude, wanting cheap female labour to make good the shortfall of male workers. 56 C.G. Brown, ‘Gendering secularisation: locating women in the transformation of British Christianity in the 1960s’, forthcoming, in G. Stedman Jones and I. Katznelson (eds), Title tba. 57 C.G. Brown, Religion and Society in Twentieth-century Britain, Harlow, PearsonLongman, 2006, pp. 44–5, 101, 149–50, 153–61. 58 Histoire Sociale – Social History, vol. xxxvi, 2003, pp. 257–60. 59 See also A. Crockett and D. Voas, ‘Generations of decline: religious change in 20th-century Britain’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 45, 2006, pp. 567–84. 60 McLeod, Religious Crisis, pp. 16–18. See the critique of Pasture and the present author in H. McLeod, ‘The crisis of Christianity in the west’, in H. McLeod (ed.), The Cambridge History of Christianity, vol. 9: World Christianities, c.1914–c.2000, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 328–9. 61 Blaschke (ed.), Konfessionen im Konflikt. 62 D. Entwistle, ‘“Hope, Colour and Comradeship”: loyalty and opportunism in early twentieth-century church attendance among the working class in north west England’, Journal of Religious History, vol. 25, 2001, pp. 20–38, at p. 38. 63 M.C. Martin, ‘Relationships human and divine: retribution and repentance in children’s lives, 1740–1870’, in K. Cooper and J. Gregory (eds), Retribution, Repentance and Reconciliation, London, Boydell Press, 2004, pp. 253–65, at pp. 253–4, 264. 64 See M. Sissons and P. French (eds), The Age of Austerity, 1945–51, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1963; and D. Kynaston, Austerity Britain 1945–51, London, Bloomsbury, 2007. 65 D. Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good: A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles, London, Little Brown, 2005; M. Jarvis, Conservative Governments, Morality and Social Change, 1957–64, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2005. 66 Data from Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good, pp. 114, 360–61; www. dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/environment/cvtf/theenvironmentalimpactsofroa3793? page=2; and www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/xsdataset.asp?More=Y&vlnk =1459&All=Y&B2.x=84&B2.y=10. 67 S.J.D. Green, ‘Was there an English religious revival in the 1950s?’, Journal of the United Reformed Church History Society, vol. 7, 2006, pp. 517–38, at p. 520. 68 See p. 170; also McLeod, Religious Crisis, p. 38. 69 Green, ‘English religious revival’, p. 529. 271
— Notes to pages 213–216 — 70 R. Currie, A. Gilbert and L. Horsley, Churches and Churchgoers: Patterns of Church Growth in the British Isles since 1700, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1977, pp. 164–5. 71 The distinctive pattern of religious decline in Wales is raised in Brown, Religion and Society, pp. 155–7, and Morris, ‘Strange death,’ p. 974. See also the sociological case studies in P. Chambers, Religion, Secularization and Social Change in Wales, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2005. 72 Currie et al., Churches and Churchgoers, pp. 134–5. 73 McLeod, Religious Crisis, p. 38. 74 This argument is further explored in Brown, Religion and Society, pp. 177–223. 75 David Voas thinks this is a freak ‘spike’ and that the decline is really from the 1930s. But so many data, measuring different religious indicators, ‘spike’ in the 1950s suggesting something far more than a freak baptism figure. D. Voas, ‘Intermarriage and the demography of secularization’, British Journal of Sociology, vol. 54, 2003, pp. 83–108, at p. 89. 76 McLeod, Religious Crisis, p. 40. 77 A.D. Gilbert, Religion and Society in Industrial England: Church, Chapel and Social Change, 1740–1914, London and New York, Longman, 1976, pp. 188–9. 78 Some oral history evidence from the Netherlands tends to suggest that the 1950s were ‘more religious and churchly’ than the 1930s. See P. van Rooden, ‘Oral history en het vreemde sterven van het Nederlands christendom’, Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden, vol. 119, 2004, pp. 524–51, available online as ‘Oral history and the strange demise of Dutch Christianity’, at www.xs4all.nl/~pvrooden/Peter/publicaties/oral%20 history.htm. 79 M. Grimley, ‘The religion of Englishness: Puritanism, providentialism, and “national character”, 1918–1945’, Journal of British Studies, vol. 46, 2007, pp. 884–906, at p. 906. See also M. Grimley, ‘Civil society and the clerisy: Christian elites and national culture, c.1930–1950’, in J. Harris (ed.), Civil Society in British History, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 231–47. 80 Figures calculated from data in Z. Layton-Henry, The Politics of Immigration: Immigration, ‘Race’ and ‘Race’ Relations in Post-war Britain, Oxford, Blackwell, 1992, p. 13. 81 D. Hilliard, ‘The religious crisis of the 1960s: the experience of the Australian churches’, Journal of Religious History, vol. 21, 1997; P. van Rooden, ‘Secularisation, deChristianisation and reChristianisation in the Netherlands’, in H. Lehmann (ed.), Dechristianisierung und Rechristianisierung im neuzeitlichen Europa und in Nordamerika: Bilanz und Perspektiven der Forschung: Veröffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts für Geschichte 130, Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1997, pp. 131–53, and online at www.xs4all.nl/ ~pvrooden/Peter/publicaties/1997a.htm. 82 Pasture, ‘Christendom’, p. 113. 83 S. Macdonald, ‘Death of Christian Canada? Do Canadian church statistics support Callum Brown’s timing of church decline?’, Historical Papers: Canadian Society of Church History, 2006, pp. 135–56; M. Gauvreau and O. Hubert, ‘Beyond Church history: recent developments in the history of religion in Canada’, in M. Gauvreau and O. Hubert (eds), The Churches and Social Order in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Canada, Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006. 272
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The Death of Christian Britain PRA
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‘For anyone who is genuinely inte
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The Death of Christian Britain Und
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Contents List of illustrations ix
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illustrations FIGURES 7.1 Church o
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— Acknowledgements — University
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note on oral history The oral-hist
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Chapter one Introduction This book
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— Introduction — no new credo,
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— Introduction — in 1997 even p
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— Introduction — 365 in 1981 an
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— Introduction — Historians hav
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— Introduction — effect of this
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— Introduction — or a family, o
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— Introduction — in ways no lon
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— The Problem with ‘Religious D
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Chapter three The Salvation Economy
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— The Salvation Economy — It wa
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— The Salvation Economy — evang
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— The Salvation Economy — with
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— The Salvation Economy — and P
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— The Salvation Economy — centr
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— The Salvation Economy — famil
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— The Salvation Economy — Indee
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— The Salvation Economy — and t
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— The Salvation Economy — with
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— The Salvation Economy — broug
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— The Salvation Economy — Every
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— Women in Discourse and Narrativ
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— Men in Discourse and Narrative
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Chapter six Personal Testimony and
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— Personal Testimony and Religion
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Chapter seven ‘Unimpeachable Witn
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— The Statistics of ‘Christian
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Percentage — The Statistics of
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Percentage Sc
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— The 1960s and Secularisation
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140 120 100 80 60 Percentage 40 20
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Chapter nine The End of a Long Stor
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— The End of a Long Story — the
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— The End of a Long Story — Can
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Chapter Ten Postscript: the mortali
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— Postscript — intellectual lev
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— Postscript — Each can overdo
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— Postscript — But Williams the
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— Postscript — aged by sociolog
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— Postscript — secularisation:
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— Postscript — Despite the reac
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— Postscript — very much restri
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— Postscript — Scotland’s ris
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— Postscript — But some Christi
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— Postscript — filed Protestant
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Page 295 and 296: — Sources — ---- , About My Fat
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Page 315 and 316: Campbeltown 20-1 Camporesi, Piero 1
Page 317 and 318: Girl Guides 131 Girl’s Own Paper
Page 319 and 320: Plymouth Brethren see Brethren poet
Page 321: women: and evangelicalism 42; and f
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