— Notes to pages 201–205 — 10 C.G. Brown, ‘“Best not to take it too far”: how the British cut religion down to size’, www.opendemocracy.net/globalization-aboutfaith/britain_religion_3335 .jsp, 8 March 2006. 11 For the theory <strong>of</strong> gender as a category <strong>of</strong> analysis, see J. Scott, Gender and the Politics <strong>of</strong> History, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988. 12 S. Williams, ‘<strong>The</strong> language <strong>of</strong> belief: an alternative agenda for the study <strong>of</strong> Victorian working-class religion’, Journal <strong>of</strong> Victorian Culture, vol. 1, 1996, pp. 303–17. 13 After an initial outing <strong>of</strong> these ideas in a conference paper in 1997, the book was researched during late 1997 and 1998 and the first draft completed in March 1999. <strong>The</strong> revised paper appeared later as C.G. Brown, ‘<strong>The</strong> secularisation decade: what the 1960s have done to the study <strong>of</strong> religious history’, in H. McLeod and W. Ustorf (eds), <strong>The</strong> Decline <strong>of</strong> Christendom in Western Europe 1750–2000, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 29–46. 14 Book review, Histoire Sociale – Social History, vol. xxxvi, 2003, pp. 257–60; J. Morris, ‘<strong>The</strong> strange death <strong>of</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> <strong>Britain</strong>: another look at the secularization debate’, Historical Journal, vol. 46, 2003, pp. 963–76, at pp. 970–6; Monica Furlong, book review, Journal <strong>of</strong> Ecclesiastical History, vol. 54, 2003, pp. 184–5; David Fergusson, book review, Scottish Economic and Social History, vol. 21, 2001, p. 75. 15 Sheridan Gilley, Reviews in History, December 2001, www.history.ac.uk/ reviews/paper/gilleys.html. 16 D.W. Bebbington, Victorian Nonconformity, Bangor, Headstart, 1992. 17 P. Joyce, Visions <strong>of</strong> the People: Industrial England and the Question <strong>of</strong> Class, 1848–1914, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991; P. Pasture, ‘<strong>The</strong> role <strong>of</strong> religion in social and labour history’, in L.H. van Voss and M. van der Linden (eds), Class and Other Identities: Gender, Religion and Ethnicity in the Writing <strong>of</strong> European Labour History, New York and Oxford, Berghahn Books, 2002, pp. 116–17. See also Pasture’s Introduction in L.H. van Voss, P. Pasture and J. De Maeyer (eds), Between Cross and Class: Comparative Histories <strong>of</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> Labour in Europe 1840–2000, Bern, Peter Lang, 2005. 18 Gerald Wayne Olsen, book review, Histoire Sociale – Social History, vol. xxxvi, 2003, pp. 257–60. 19 Logan, <strong>The</strong> Spectator, 14 April 2001. 20 Gilley, Reviews in History; letter to the author dated 11 February 2001. 21 D. Nash, ‘Reconnecting religion with social and cultural history: secularization’s failure as a master narrative’, Cultural and Social History, vol. 1, 2004, pp. 302–35, at p. 319. 22 R.D. Kernohan, Contemporary Review, April 2002, p. 246. 23 H. McLeod, <strong>The</strong> Religious Crisis <strong>of</strong> the 1960s, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 243. 24 Letter to the author, 30 May 2006. 25 J. Garnett, M. Grimley, A. Harris, W. Whyte and S. Williams (eds), Redefining <strong>Christian</strong> <strong>Britain</strong>: Post 1945 Perspectives, London, SCM Press, 2006, p. 5. 26 Williams, www.gospel-culture.org.uk. 27 Williams, ‘<strong>The</strong> language <strong>of</strong> belief’. 28 Williams, www.gospel-culture.org.uk. 269
— Notes to pages 205–209 — 29 See also M.E. Ruff, ‘<strong>The</strong> postmodern challenge to the secularization thesis’, Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Religion- und Kulterheschichte, vol. 99, 2005, pp. 385–401. 30 C.G. Brown, Postmodernism for Historians, Harlow, Longman, 2005, p. 127; see also pp. 66–7, 134–8. 31 H. McLeod, Secularisation in Western Europe 1848–1914, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 2000, pp. 4, 9, 29–30. 32 Morris, ‘Strange death’, p. 965. 33 J. Cox, ‘Master narratives <strong>of</strong> long-term religious change’, in H. McLeod and W. Ustorf (eds), <strong>The</strong> Decline <strong>of</strong> Christendom in Western Europe 1750–2000, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 201–17. 34 G. Davie, Religion in Modern Europe: A Memory Mutates, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 1, 24–37; P. Berger, ‘<strong>The</strong> desecularization <strong>of</strong> the world: a global overview’, in P.L. Berger (ed.), <strong>The</strong> Desecularization <strong>of</strong> the World, Washington, DC, Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1999. 35 Nash, ‘Reconnecting religion’, p. 304. 36 Ibid., p. 309. 37 Ibid., pp. 319–21. 38 See also B. Martin, ‘Dark materials? Philip Pullman and children’s literature’, in J. Garnett et al., Redefining <strong>Christian</strong> <strong>Britain</strong>, pp. 178–89. 39 C.G. Brown, ‘<strong>The</strong> unconverted and the conversion: gender relations in the salvation narrative in <strong>Britain</strong> 1800–1960’, in J.N. Bremner, W.J. van Bekkum and A.L. Molendijk (eds), Paradigms, Poetics and Politics <strong>of</strong> Conversion, Leuven, Peeters, 2006, pp. 183–99. 40 See, e.g., B. Martin, A Sociology <strong>of</strong> Contemporary Cultural Change, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1981. 41 C. Taylor, A Secular Age, Cambridge, Mass., Belknap Press, 2007. 42 Ibid., pp. 427, 492, 495. 43 T. Asad, Formations <strong>of</strong> the Secular: <strong>Christian</strong>ity, Islam, Modernity, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2003. 44 See, e.g., H. McLeod, Religion and the People <strong>of</strong> Western Europe 1789–1989, 2nd edn, Oxford, Opus, 1997; O. Blaschke (ed.), Konfessionen im Konflikt: Deutschland zwischen 1800 und 1970 ein zweites konfessionelles Zeitalter, Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002; P. Pasture, ‘Christendom and the legacy <strong>of</strong> the sixties: between the secular city and the age <strong>of</strong> Aquarius’, Review d’Histoire Ecclesiastique, vol. 99, 2004, pp. 82–117. 45 M. Gauvreau, ‘Introduction’, in M. Gauvreau and O. Hubert (eds), <strong>The</strong> Churches and Social Order in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Canada, Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006, p. 9. 46 Nash, ‘Reconnecting religion’, and J. Morris, ‘Strange death’, p. 963. Unaccountably, Robin Gill has accused me <strong>of</strong> proposing church decline as the product <strong>of</strong> ‘some invisible but ineluctable process <strong>of</strong> secularization’, when all my work for thirty years has been to oppose this: R. Gill, <strong>The</strong> ‘Empty’ Church Revisited, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2003, p. 159. 47 M. Gauvreau, ‘Introduction’, in Gauvreau and Hubert, <strong>The</strong> Churches and Social Order, p. 11. 48 Berger, ‘<strong>The</strong> desecularization <strong>of</strong> the world’, p. 196. 49 D. Herbert, Religion and Civil Society: Rethinking Public Religion in the Contemporary World, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2003, p. 22. 270
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Contents List of illustrations ix
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illustrations FIGURES 7.1 Church o
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— Acknowledgements — University
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note on oral history The oral-hist
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Chapter one Introduction This book
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Percentage — The Statistics of
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Percentage Sc
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— The 1960s and Secularisation
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Chapter Ten Postscript: the mortali
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