The Death of Christian Britain

— Notes to pages 86–90 —
126 Ibid., pp. 13, 21–2.
127 P. Tinkler, Constructing Girlhood: Popular Magazines for Girls Growing Up
in England 1920–1950, London, Taylor and Francis, 1995, pp. 45–6.
128 Girl’s Own Paper, vol. 42, 1922, pp. 15, 24–5, 65, 546–9, 563, 567; and vol.
46, 1926, pp. 15, 134.
129 Ibid., vol. 58, 1938, pp. 1–4, 5, 14–15, 55, 67–9, 96, 228, 272.
130 Tinkler, Constructing Girlhood, pp. 55–9.
131 D. Kyles, Should a Girl Smoke? An Appeal to British Womanhood, Stirling,
Drummond Tract Enterprise, 1938, pp. 3–4.
5 HEATHENS: MEN IN DISCOURSE AND
NARRATIVE 1800–1950
1 This is a transition outlined in E.A. Foyster, Manhood in Early Modern
England: Honour, Sex and Marriage, London, Longman, 1999, pp. 207–13.
2 On the dominance of male exemplars before 1800, see J. Gregory, ‘Homo
Religiosus: masculinity and religion in the long eighteenth century’, in T.
Hitchcock and M. Cohen (eds), English Masculinity 1660–1800, London,
Longman, 1999.
3 J. Tosh, A Man’s Place: Masculinity and the Middle-class Home in Victorian
England, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1999, esp. pp. 195–7.
4 N. Vance, Sinews of the Spirit: The Ideal of Christian Manliness in Victorian
Literature and Religious Thought, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,
1985; J. Springhall, ‘Building character in the British boy: the attempt to extend
Christian manliness to working-class adolescents, 1880–1914’, in J.A. Mangan
and J. Walvin (eds), Manliness and Morality: Middle-class Masculinity in Britain
and America, 1800–1940, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1987; P.
Walker, ‘“I live but not yet I for Christ Liveth in me”: Men and masculinity
in the Salvation Army, 1865–90’, in M. Roper and J. Tosh (eds.), Manful
Assertions: Masculinities in Britain since 1800, London, Routledge, 1991.
5 British Weekly, 27 April 1888, p. 481.
6 Ibid., 18 and 25 May, 17 and 24 August 1888.
7 Ibid., 18 November 1887, p. 39.
8 Ibid., 9 December 1887, p. 99.
9 Ibid., 4 November 1887, p. 1.
10 Ibid., 27 January 1888, p. 243.
11 Ibid., 16 March 1888, p. 356.
12 The Awful Disclosures of Maria Monk was a much reprinted and, for its time,
supposedly titillating account, reputedly by a former nun, of alleged sexual
abuse by priests in a Montreal nunnery. Editions were customarily ‘Published
for the Trade’ and without a publisher’s name. It was a work of both anti-
Catholic bigotry and ecclesiastical pornography. It is still said to be available
from extremist Protestant outlets.
13 British Weekly, 23 March 1888.
14 Ebenezer Elliott, quoted in H.N. Fairchild, Religious Trends in English
Poetry, vol. IV: 1830–1880: Christianity and Romanticism in the Victorian
Era, New York and London, Columbia University Press, 1957, p. 88.
250