— Notes to pages 54–58 — 67 Quoted in H. Cunningham, Leisure in the Industrial Revolution, London, Croom Helm, 1980, p. 103. 68 One piano manufacturer, Broadwood’s, produced pianos at the rate <strong>of</strong> 19 per year during 1718–82, 400 per year during 1782–1802, and 1,680 per year during 1802–24. Routley, English Carol, p. 169. 69 A.T. Taylor, Labour and Love: An Oral History <strong>of</strong> the Brass Band Movement, London, Elm Tree Books, 1983. 70 <strong>The</strong> General Baptist Repository, 1 January 1824, p. 7. 71 J. Blackburn, <strong>The</strong> Salvation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Britain</strong> Introductory to the Conversion <strong>of</strong> the World, London, Jackson & Walford, 1835, pp. 15–22. 72 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> Miscellany and Family Visitor, December 1867, pp. 364–5. 73 British Weekly, 5 November 1886, p. 1. 74 G.W. Haughton, Free Salvation; or God’s Gift <strong>of</strong> the Saviour, Stirling, Drummond Tract Enterprise, 1901, p. 7. 75 Cf. Hugh McLeod, who has written that ‘sectarianism provided for large numbers <strong>of</strong> people the strongest basis for their social identity’, resulting in ‘self-built ideological ghettos’. H. McLeod, Religion and the People <strong>of</strong> Western Europe 1789–1989, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 36. 76 Heimann, Catholic Devotion, pp. 35, 152, 195–9; L.H. Lees, Exiles <strong>of</strong> Erin: Irish Migrants in Victorian London, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1979, pp. 172–97; B. Aspinwall, ‘<strong>The</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> the Catholic community in the west <strong>of</strong> Scotland: some preliminary outlines’, Innes Review, 1982, vol. 33 pp. 47, 53; B. Aspinwall and J. McCaffrey, ‘A comparative view <strong>of</strong> the Irish in Edinburgh in the nineteenth-century’, in R. Swift and S. Gilley (eds), <strong>The</strong> Irish in the Victorian City, London, Croom Helm, 1985, pp. 135–9. 77 Good News, January 1923, p. 3. 4 ANGELS: WOMEN IN DISCOURSE AND NARRATIVE 1800–1950 1 N. Auerbach, Woman and the Demon: <strong>The</strong> Life <strong>of</strong> a Victorian Myth, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1982, pp. 64, 71–108. 2 M.R. Miles, Carnal Knowledge: Female Nakedness and Religious Meaning in the <strong>Christian</strong> West, New York, Vintage, 1991, pp. 53–77; P. Crawford, Women and Religion in England 1500–1720, London, Routledge, 1993, p. 25. 3 D. Cressy, Birth, Marriage and <strong>Death</strong>: Ritual, Religion and the Life-Cycle in Tudor and Stuart England, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1997, esp. pp. 475–82. 4 Crawford, Women and Religion, pp. 73–115; C. Larner, Enemies <strong>of</strong> God: <strong>The</strong> Witch-hunt in Scotland, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983. 5 J. Gregory, ‘Homo Religiosus: masculinity and religion in the long eighteenth century’, in T. Hitchcock and M. Cohen (eds), English Masculinity 1660–1800, London, Longman, 1999, p. 105. 6 For this section, I have benefited enormously from Sue Morgan’s comments, and from reading S. Morgan, A Passion for Purity: Ellice Hopkins and the Politics <strong>of</strong> Gender in the late-Victorian Church, Bristol, Centre for Comparative Studies in Religion and Gender, 1999, esp. pp. 6–43. 245
— Notes to pages 59–64 — 7 B.L. Epstein, <strong>The</strong> Politics <strong>of</strong> Domesticity: Women, Evangelism and Temperance in Nineteenth-Century America, Middletown, Conn., Wesleyan University Press, 1981; C. Hall, White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1992, pp. 75–93; F. Prochaska, Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth Century England, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1980; O. Banks, Faces <strong>of</strong> Feminism: A Study <strong>of</strong> Feminism as a Social Movement, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1981, pp. 13–27; B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century, London, Virago, 1983; L. David<strong>of</strong>f and C. Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women <strong>of</strong> the English Middle Class 1780–1850, London, Routledge, 1987, pp. 71–192; Morgan, Passion for Purity, esp. pp. 170–1. 8 M. Foucault, <strong>The</strong> Archaeology <strong>of</strong> Knowledge, London, Routledge, 1989 edn, pp. 50–5. 9 <strong>The</strong> General Baptist Repository and Missionary Observer, July 1848, p. 318. 10 An Account <strong>of</strong> the Origin and Progress <strong>of</strong> the London Religious Tract Society, London, 1803, pp. 7–8. 11 <strong>The</strong> Methodist Magazine, vol. 34, January 1811, p. 3. 12 Ibid., vol. 34, January 1811, p. 74. 13 <strong>The</strong> Methodist Magazine, vol. 11, February 1832, pp. 156–9. 14 <strong>The</strong> Primitive Methodist Magazine vol. 2, January 1821, pp. 14–15. 15 <strong>The</strong> General Baptist Repository, February 1840, pp. 34–5 16 Ibid., vol. 10, 1848, index. 17 Ibid., vol. 3, 1 January 1824, p. 20. 18 Ibid. 19 Poem by Revd R.M. McCheyne, quoted in J.F. Moncrieff, <strong>The</strong> Prize-Winners: An Address to the Young, Stirling, Stirling Tract Enterprise, c. 1911, p. 17. 20 British Messenger, vol. 68, February 1920, p. 17. 21 <strong>The</strong> Edinburgh <strong>Christian</strong> Magazine, vol. 3, 1851, p. 203. 22 <strong>The</strong> Day-Star, vol. 11, 1855, p. 266. 23 Ibid., vol. 10, 1854, p. 112. 24 Ibid., vol. 12, 1856, p. 13. 25 M. Stanley, ‘Clubs for working girls’, <strong>The</strong> Nineteenth Century, 1889, vol. 25, p. 74. 26 <strong>The</strong> General Baptist Repository, May 1848, pp. 202–3. 27 Ibid., February 1848, pp. 68–9. 28 British Messenger, 1 August 1862, p. 90. 29 Quoted in <strong>The</strong> Methodist Magazine, vol. 21, March 1842, pp. 44–6. 30 R. Dodsley, <strong>The</strong> Economy <strong>of</strong> Human Life, Preston, 1837, p. 23. 31 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> Miscellany and Family Visitor, 1890, p. 128. 32 Ibid., p. 129. 33 British Messenger, vol. 79, November 1930, p. 125. 34 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> Miscellany, 1890, p. 229. 35 Girl’s Own Paper, vol. 5, 1883–4, p. 147. 36 Old Age not a ‘Convenient Season’ for Repentance, Stirling, Drummond Tracts no. 299, 1871. 37 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Christian</strong> Miscellany, 1890, p. 185. 38 Ibid., p. 395. 39 Be not Deceived, Stirling, Drummond Tract no. 321, c. 1873. 246
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The Death of Christian Britain PRA
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Contents List of illustrations ix
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illustrations FIGURES 7.1 Church o
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— Acknowledgements — University
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note on oral history The oral-hist
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Chapter one Introduction This book
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Chapter three The Salvation Economy
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Percentage — The Statistics of
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Percentage Sc
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Campbeltown 20-1 Camporesi, Piero 1
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Plymouth Brethren see Brethren poet
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women: and evangelicalism 42; and f