The Death of Christian Britain

— Notes to pages 22–26 —
the Propagation of the Gospel among the Heathen, Edinburgh, Lawrie, 1796,
p. 37.
26 The Bishop of Llandaff to William Pitt in 1800, quoted in D. Hempton,
Methodism and Politics in British Society 1750–1850, London, Hutchinson,
1987, p. 78.
27 An apt description of E.T. Davies, Religion and Society in the Nineteenth
Century, Llandybie, Davies, 1981, p. 39.
28 W. Hanna (ed.), Memoirs of Thomas Chalmers, vol. 1, Edinburgh, Constable,
1854, p. 438.
29 Ibid., pp. 445–6.
30 T. Chalmers, A Sermon delivered in the Tron Church on the occasion of the
death of Princess Charlotte, Glasgow, 1817, pp. 30–1.
31 T. Chalmers, The Christian and Civic Economy of Large Towns, Glasgow,
1821, p. 51.
32 Ibid., pp. 25–9.
33 T. Chalmers, The Right Ecclesiastical Economy of a Large Town, Edinburgh,
1835, pp. 20–1.
34 Quoted in B. Hilton, The Age of Atonement: The Influence of Evangelicalism
on Social and Economic Thought, 1795–1865, Oxford, Clarendon, 1988, p. 57.
35 The Methodist Magazine, June 1821, pp. 452–5, and July 1821, pp. 517–31.
36 Hilton, Age of Atonement, passim, but especially pp. 39, 55–70, 81–91, 115–25,
183–9.
37 Chalmers, Christian and Civic Economy, p. 67.
38 The Watchman, 11 February 1835, p. 45.
39 B.W. Noel, The State of the Metropolis Considered, London, 1835, pp. 26–7.
40 Census of Great Britain 1851, Religious Worship, England and Wales, BPP,
lxxxix (1852–3), pp. cxxvii, clviii–clxii.
41 One of the Least Among the Brethren: A Revived Ministry our only Hope for
a Revived Church, London, Jackson & Walford, 1844, p. 27.
42 R. Vaughan, The Age of Great Cities, 1843, reprint Shannon, Irish University
Press, 1971, esp. pp. 227, 309–10, 319.
43 A. Watt, The Glasgow Bills of Mortality for 1841 and 1842, Glasgow, 1844;
A. Watt, The Vital Statistics of Glasgow, for 1843 and 1844, Glasgow, 1846;
W. Logan, The Moral Statistics of Glasgow, Glasgow, 1849.
44 Chamber’s Journal, no. 485, 16 April 1853, p. 253.
45 Ibid., no. 319, 11 February 1860.
46 J. Thomson, The City of Dreadful Night, orig. 1880, Edinburgh, Canongate,
1993, pp. 29–31, 52, 56.
47 J.R. Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late-
Victorian London, London, Virago, 1992.
48 British Weekly, 17 December 1886, p. 5.
49 W. Booth, In Darkest England and the Way Out, London, Salvation Army,
n.d. [1890].
50 C.F.G. Masterman, The Condition of England, London, Methuen, 1909, p. 266.
51 H. Drummond, The City Without a Church, Stirling, Drummond Tract
Enterprise, 1892, pp. 4, 7.
52 E.P. Hennock, Fit and Proper Persons: Ideal and Reality in Nineteenth-century
Urban Government, London, Edward Arnold, 1973; C.G. Brown, ‘“To be
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