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Hawke’s Bay drought Sep 2006 to June 2007 The main rain event of the month was from the 5th to 7th when a tropical Low moved from Fiji to the Kermadecs and an accompanying rainband stalled over the Far North. Kaikohe had 172 mm in two days (27 mm/hr between 3am and 4am on the 7th). Flooding took out the bridge at Te Koa, isolating around 500 people including 60 tourists. In March anticyclones lingering northeast of Chatham Islands fed a humid easterly fl ow onto northern districts. On the evening of the 13th, lightning and squalls brought minor damage to Auckland and cut power for three hours to Kapiti. On the 14th, a low pressure system deepened to 980 hPa off Kaikoura bringing wind damage to Auckland, Kapiti and Wellington. Surface fl ooding affected Raumati beach and snow settled near Lake Rotoiti. On 17th and 18th, a series of fronts crossed the country: the Westport area had surface fl ooding from 40 mm of rain in two hours; rain triggered a collapse of the rim of the Crater Lake on Mount Ruapehu and a southerly change in Christchurch was accompanied by a severe hail storm. On the 21st, a tornado was reported near Stratford. On 28th and 29th, a very moist northeast airstream stalled over Northland and brought extreme amounts of rain: highest two-day totals were at East Whangarei (436 mm) and Puhipuhi hills (434 mm). The Kaeo River broke its banks, houses were washed away at Haruru Falls, the approaches to the Kerikeri store were fl ooded, and slips closed roads and cut off Opua. On the 30th, the rain band moved southwards and brought heavy falls to parts of Auckland, Coromandel, the Bay of Plenty and northern Gisborne. Total insurance payouts for this storm were $12.5 million April was generally dry and anticyclonic in New Zealand. On the 11th, two trampers in Westland were caught by fl ooded rivers. On the 13th, snow briefl y settled to 300 metres on the hills around Alexandra and Lumsden, gales affected Auckland and Southland and wind damaged some avocado trees in the Bay of Plenty. Then came the warmest May on record both in Australia and New Zealand. It was also dry in several northern and eastern areas with Purerua in the Bay of Islands, Whakatane, Gisborne, Napier, Kaikoura and Dunedin all reporting rainfall of less than 10mm. The month was dominated by northwesterly winds. On the 2nd, a 50mm pre-dawn downpour brought surface fl ooding to Wellington, and winds damaged a building site in western Bay of Weather Map for 10 July. A $50.5 million storm. The Low pressure system to the north and high pressure system to the south pinched the isobars in-between so that sustained winds reached 100km/hr and gusts reached 180 km/hr between Whangarei and Whitianga. Plenty. On the 11th, a small tornado lifted a few roofs in and around Greymouth. On the 15th westerly winds gusted to 59 knots in Invercargill lifting roofi ng iron, uprooting trees and disrupting power supplies. On the 23rd, a front brought torrential rain to the Nelson area and, a few hours later, to the Taranaki area. On the 27th, westerly winds gusted to 60 knots in Invercargill and 53 knots in Dunedin. In June two polar outbreaks brought in an early winter. The fi rst arrived on the 6th to the 8th knocking over trees and power poles in the Kaweka ranges, bringing gusts to around 60 knots in Invercargill and at Dunedin Airport and 20 cm of snow to Clinton. In Southland, power-lines were toppled by combined effects of snow and wind. In Otago, fi res from arcing power-lines were fanned by the wind. The second arrived on 21st to the 25th and its snow closed many roads and airports about inland NZ KIWIFRUIT JOURNAL JANUARY / FEBRUARY 2008 55
56 Sea Surface temperature anomaly pattern taken from http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html. The cool blue zone along the Pacifi c equator shows the extent of a La Nina. Southern Oscillation Index from the Bureau of Meteorology web site at http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/soi2.shtml. SOI is rising and approaching La Nina territory (La Nina occurs when SOI is >10 in this graph). Southland and Otago. Alexandra, Roxburgh and Queenstown were cut off. The start of the Queenstown winter festival was postponed. Reefton had up to eight cm of snow, its biggest fall since 1969. Powerlines toppled near Clinton, where one metre snowdrifts were reported. On the 24th snow affected Dunedin hills and winds gusted to 80 knots at Taiaroa Head. Abnormal eight metre swells eroded the shoreline between Dunedin and Oamaru. On the 25th, snow dusted the Desert and Rimutaka roads. July brought the most damaging weather of the year with cold wet and windy conditions. On the 4th, a tornado hit New Plymouth’s business district. The next day multiple tornados affected Taranaki bringing property damage estimated at $7 million. On 7th to 9th July, polar chilled air arrived over central Otago and inland Canterbury producing seven million dollars of frost damage. Subzero air settled in central Otago for the following fortnight. On the 10th, a state of emergency was declared in the Far North when a passing depression was accompanied by heavy rain and an easterly gale. Many houses were evacuated in Kaeo where 254 mm of rain fell in 12 hours. The
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Thirsty vines Summer girdling Compo
Page 3 and 4: 4 contributors BILL SNELGAR Bill Sn
Page 5 and 6: 6 GRANT THORP Dr Grant Thorp is a H
Page 7 and 8: 8 Statistic December January Februa
Page 9 and 10: 10 Fruit dry matter (%) Soluble sol
Page 11 and 12: 12 SUMMARY We now have an indicatio
Page 13 and 14: 14 Orchard Control Dry matter (%) C
Page 15 and 16: 16 Operators should also avoid cutt
Page 17 and 18: Technical Review Advertisement / Ad
Page 19 and 20: 20 Gearing up ‘Hort16A’ Returns
Page 21 and 22: 22 Table 2. Maturity attributes of
Page 23 and 24: 24 Active fungal biomass (ug/g) Fig
Page 25 and 26: 26 Hayward’s first priority: Shoo
Page 27 and 28: 28 regrowth developed larger leaves
Page 29 and 30: 30 Location Soil % C % N C:N Nelson
Page 31 and 32: 32 Mineral N (mg/kg) Figure 2. Chan
Page 33 and 34: 34 Resolving labour shortages - Is
Page 35 and 36: 36 Perceptions of the RSE Advantage
Page 37 and 38: 38 Organic O Marketing 2007 Tom McL
Page 39 and 40: 40 Customers are Impressed with tas
Page 41 and 42: 42 The Th flavour fl seesaw: balanc
Page 43 and 44: 44 aroma compounds. Dry Matter is a
Page 45 and 46: 46 Producing country On Orchard Pos
Page 47 and 48: 48 optimise their current managemen
Page 49 and 50: 50 Figure 2: Levels of actinidin en
Page 51 and 52: 52 NZKGI making its pledge in isola
Page 53: 54 Image provided by the NOAA/ESRL
Page 57 and 58: 58 The Taste ZESPRI TM programme wa
Page 59 and 60: 60 were either completely unconvinc
Page 61: 62 Orchard productivity remains a k
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