Advanced Language Practice
Advanced Language Practice
Advanced Language Practice
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<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong><br />
<strong>Practice</strong><br />
Michael Vince
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Help<br />
On every page you can see some buttons, that will help you to navigate<br />
and do exercises.<br />
Navigation buttons:<br />
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>>>>> You can do exercises with radio buttons, check buttons and text fields.<br />
Read the task attentively whether you can choose one or to variants.<br />
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not”, “is not”, “he is”, “he will”, instead of these write “don’t”, “didn’t”,<br />
“isn’t”, “he’s”, “he’ll”, etc. Don’t forget to start sentences with capital<br />
letters and to put punctuation marks. Otherwise your answer is wrong.<br />
In some exercises ufter selecting button “check” the text fields with<br />
wrong answers become clear.<br />
Read attentively the theory and you’ll pass all the tests perfectly!<br />
Good luck!<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong>
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Contents<br />
• Unit 1 Tense consolidation: present time<br />
• Unit 2 Tense consolidation: future time<br />
• Unit 3 Tense consolidation: past time<br />
• Unit 4 Tense consolidation: present perfect<br />
• Unit 5 PROGRESS TEST<br />
• Unit 6 Passive<br />
• Unit 7 Passive 2
Basic contrasts:<br />
present simple<br />
and present<br />
continuous<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Unit 1 Tense consolidation:<br />
present time<br />
1 Present simple generally refers to:<br />
Facts that are always true Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.<br />
Habits British people drink a lot of tea<br />
States I don't like gangster films.<br />
2 Present continuous (progressive) generally refers to actions which<br />
are in progress at the moment.<br />
These can be temporary: I’ m staying in a hotel until I find a flat.<br />
They can be actually in progress: The dog is sleeping on our bed!<br />
Or they can be generally in progress but not actually happening<br />
at the moment: I’ m learning to drive.
State verbs and<br />
event (action or<br />
dynamic) verbs<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 State verbs describe a continuing state, so do not usually have a<br />
continuous form. Typical examples are:<br />
believe, belong, consist, contain, doubt, fit, have, know, like, love,<br />
matter, mean, own, prefer, understand, seem, suppose, suspect, want,<br />
wish<br />
2 Some verbs have a stative meaning and a different active meaning.<br />
Typical examples are:<br />
be, depend, feel, have, measure, see, taste, think, weigh<br />
Compare these uses:<br />
State Event<br />
Jack is noisy. Jill is being noisy.<br />
Deirdre has a Porsche. We are having an interesting conversation!<br />
I think I like you! David is thinking about getting a new job.<br />
This fish tastes awful! I am just tasting the soup.<br />
I feel that you are wrong. I am feeling terrible.<br />
This bag weighs a ton! We are weighing the body.<br />
It depends what you mean I am depending on you.<br />
The differences in 2 apply to all tenses, not just present tenses.
Other uses of<br />
present continuous<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 Temporary or repeated actions<br />
This use emphasises a temporary or repeated habitual action.<br />
My car has broken down, so I am walking to work these days.<br />
Are you enjoying your stay her?<br />
2 Complaints about bad habits<br />
You are always complaining about my cooking!<br />
Other possible adverbs are: constantly-, continually, forever<br />
3 With verbs describing change and development<br />
Things are getting worse!<br />
More and more people are giving up smoking.
Other uses of<br />
present simple<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 Making declarations<br />
Verbs describing opinions and feelings tend to be state verbs.<br />
I hope you’ll come to my party.<br />
I bet you don't know the answer!<br />
2 Headlines<br />
These are written in a 'telegram' style, and references to the past are usually<br />
simplified to present simple.<br />
Ship sinks in midnight collision.<br />
3 Instructions and itineraries<br />
Instructions and recipes can be written in present simple instead of in imperative<br />
forms. This style is more personal.<br />
First you roll out the pastry.<br />
Itineraries are descriptions of travel arrangements.<br />
On day three we visit Stratford-upon-Avon.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
4 Summaries of events<br />
Plots of stories, films etc, and summaries of historical events use<br />
present (and present perfect) tenses.<br />
May 1945: The war in Europe comes to an end.<br />
... At the end of the play both families realise that their hatred had<br />
caused the deaths of the lovers...<br />
5 Historic present in narrative and 'funny stories'<br />
In informal speech, it is possible to use the 'historic present' to describe<br />
past events, especially to make the narration seem more immediate and<br />
dramatic.<br />
... So then the second man asks the first one why he has a banana in<br />
his ear and the first one says...
1<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate words underlined<br />
a) I haven't decided yet about whether to buy a new car or a second-hand one. But I think about<br />
it/I'm thinking about it.<br />
b) All right, you try to fix the television! But I hope/I'm hoping you know what you're doing!<br />
c) Every year I visit/I'm visiting Britain to improve my English.<br />
d) It's time we turned on the central heating. It gets/It is getting colder every day.<br />
e) Of course, you're Mary, aren't you! I recognise/I am recognising you now.<br />
f) What's the matter? Why do you look/are you looking at me like that?<br />
g) The film of War and Peace is very long. It lasts/It is lasting over four hours.<br />
h) I can see from what you say that your mornings are very busy! But what do<br />
you do/are you doing in the afternoons?<br />
i) I'm going to buy a new swimming costume. My old one doesn't fit/isn't<br />
fitting any more.<br />
j) That must be the end of the first part of the performance. What happens<br />
now/is happening now?
2<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence<br />
a) What exactly ...... ?<br />
A) is this job involving B) does this job involve<br />
b) Who exactly ...... ?<br />
A) does own this car B) does this car belong to<br />
c) ...... that we have been here for six months already!<br />
A) Do you realise B) Are you realising<br />
d) I'd like to stay longer. But ...... just for the weekend.<br />
A) I come B) I've come<br />
e) Terry is in bed. He ...... flu.<br />
A) has B) is having<br />
f) This new teaching job is really difficult, but ...... .<br />
A) I survive B) I'm surviving<br />
g) What ...... on that notice?<br />
A) does it write B) does it say<br />
h) Ladies and gentlemen, I ...... this ship HMS Highlight.<br />
A) name B) am naming<br />
i) Absolutely! I ...... with you completely.<br />
A) agree B) am agreeing<br />
j) ...... this car. Do you want to buy it?<br />
A) I sell B) I'm selling
3<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each word in brackets into the most suitable present tense<br />
a) I (hear)that you have been promoted. Congratulations!<br />
b) British people (drink) more and more wine, apparently.<br />
c) I hope Sarah will be here soon. I (depend) on her.<br />
d) Please be quiet! You (continually interrupt).<br />
e) Hey, you! What (you think) you're doing?<br />
f) Could you come here please? I (want) to talk to you now.<br />
g) Jane is away on holiday so Linda (handle) her work.<br />
h) To be honest, I (doubt) whether Jim will be here next week.<br />
i) You’ve only just started the job, haven't you? How (you get on)?<br />
j) Pay no attention to Graham. He (just be) sarcastic again.
4<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same<br />
a) What's your opinion of Ted's new book?<br />
What do<br />
b) Nigel keeps interrupting me.<br />
Nigel is<br />
c) What is the meaning of this word?<br />
What does<br />
d) The number of people who own bicycles is increasing.<br />
More and more people<br />
e) What about going to that new film at the Rex tonight?<br />
How do<br />
f) What is the weight of that piece of meat?<br />
How much<br />
g) Never mind about the price, just buy it!<br />
The price<br />
h) There's a smell of onions in this room.<br />
This room<br />
i) What is inside the box?<br />
What does<br />
j) Paul has flu.<br />
Paul is
5<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each word in brackets into the most suitable present tense<br />
I work in a large office with about thirty other people, most of whom I (know) quite well.<br />
We (spend) most of the day together, so we have all become friends. In fact, most of my<br />
colleagues are interesting, that I (think) of writing a book about them! (take)<br />
Helen Watson, for example. Helen (run) the accounts department. At the moment she<br />
(go out) with Keith Ballantine, one of the sales representatives, and they<br />
(seem) very happy together. But everyone (except Helen apparently) (know) that Keith<br />
(always make) eyes at Susan Porter. But I (happen) to know that Susan<br />
(dislike) Keith. 'I can't stand people who (apologise) all the time!' she<br />
told me. 'And besides, I know he (deceive) poor Helen. He (see) Betty<br />
Wills from the overseas department.' And plenty of other interesting things (go on) For<br />
instance, every week money (disappear) from the petty cash box. When you<br />
(realise) that someone in your office is a thief, it (upset) you at first. But I<br />
(also try) to catch whoever it is before the police are called in. I'm not going to tell you<br />
who I (suspect). Well, not yet anyway!
6<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so the meaning stays the same.<br />
a) Charles and his father are exactly alike. LOCKS<br />
b) The cost of excursions is part of the price of the holiday. INCLUDES<br />
c) I find working here really enjoyable. ENJOYING<br />
d) I study hard, so I spend a lot of time in the library. MEANS<br />
e) What's your opinion of Wendy's new painting? THINK<br />
f) Sunrise is at 4.30 tomorrow morning. THE SUN<br />
g) What's on your mind at the moment? ABOUT<br />
h) Neil has the bad habit of getting in people's way. ALWAYS<br />
i) I am losing my voice. GOING<br />
j) How long is that wall ? DOES
7<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most suitable word or phrase underlined.<br />
a) I work in this office all this year/all the time.<br />
b) Are you studying French for long/at the moment?<br />
c) I am not making much money these days/so far this year.<br />
d) The food tastes worse now/usually. You've put too much salt in.<br />
e) We normally/forever get in touch with customers by post.<br />
f) Pete was ill but he is getting over his illness currently/now.<br />
g) I'm feeling rather run down lately/at present, doctor.<br />
h) I always stay on duty since/until six o'clock.<br />
i) People continually/traditionally prepare coloured eggs at Easter.<br />
j) Fortunately the baby now /recently sleeps all night.
8<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Identify any possible errors in these sentences, and correct them if necessary.<br />
a) I’m depending on you, so don't make any mistakes!<br />
b) Is this total including the new students?<br />
c) Excuse me, but do you wait for someone?<br />
d) These potatoes are tasting a bit funny.<br />
e) How are you feeling today?<br />
f) I look forward to hearing from you.<br />
g) I have a feeling that something goes wrong.<br />
h) What's that you're eating?<br />
i) Are you hearing anything from Wendy these days?<br />
j) I think you're being rather mean about this.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Unit 2 Tense consolidation:<br />
Basic contrasts:<br />
will, going to,<br />
present<br />
continuous<br />
future time<br />
1 Will is normally known as the predictive future, and describes known facts,<br />
or what we suppose is true.<br />
I’ll be late home this evening.<br />
The company will make a profit next year.<br />
This can also take the form of an assumption:<br />
That'll be Jim at the door.<br />
This means that I suppose it is Jim.<br />
2 Will is also used to express an immediate decision:<br />
I’ll take this one.<br />
Decisions expressed with going to refer to a more distant point in the<br />
future.<br />
Other uses of will and shall are in Units 11 and 12.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
3 Be going to describes intentions or plans. At the moment of speaking the plans<br />
have already been made.<br />
I’m going to wait here until Carol gets back.<br />
Going to is also used to describe an event whose cause is present or evident.<br />
Look at that tree! It's going to fall.<br />
Decisions expressed with going to refer to a more distant point in the future.<br />
Other uses of will and shall are in Units 11 and 12.<br />
4 Present continuous describes fixed arrangements, especially social and travel<br />
arrangements. A time reference is usually included.<br />
5 Contrasts between going to and will may be a matter of speaker preference.<br />
The first two examples in 1 would not seem inappropriate if going to was<br />
used, possibly because the sense of the cause is present in the speaker's mind.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Future continuous 1 This describes an event which will be happening at a future point.<br />
Come round in the morning. I’ll be painting the kitchen.<br />
2 It can also describe events which are going to happen anyway, rather than<br />
events which we choose to make happen.<br />
I won't bother to fix a time to see you, because I’ll be calling into the<br />
office anyway several times next week.<br />
3 In some contexts future continuous also sounds more polite than will.<br />
Will you be going to the shops later? If you go, could you get me some<br />
potatoes?<br />
4 It can also be used to refer to fixed arrangements and plans.<br />
The band will be performing live in Paris this summer.
Future perfect<br />
Other ways of<br />
referring to<br />
the future<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 This has both simple and continuous forms, and refers to time which we look<br />
back at from a future point.<br />
In two years' time I'll have finished this book.<br />
By the end of the month, I'll have been working for this firm for a year.<br />
2 It can also be used to express an assumption on the part of the speaker.<br />
You won't have heard the news, of course.<br />
This means that I assume you have not heard the news.<br />
1 Is / are to be<br />
This is used to describe formal arrangements.<br />
All students are to assemble in the hall at 9.00.<br />
See also Units 11 and 12 for uses expressing obligation.<br />
2 Be about to, be on the point of, be due to<br />
Be about to and be on the point of both refer to the next moment.<br />
I think the play is about to start now.<br />
Mary is on the point of resigning.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Be due to refers to scheduled times.<br />
The play is due to start in five minutes.<br />
Ann's flight is due at 6.20.<br />
3 Present simple and present perfect<br />
Present simple is used to refer to future time in future time clauses.<br />
When we get there, we'll have dinner.<br />
Present perfect can also be used instead of present simple when the completion<br />
of the event is emphasised.<br />
When we've had a rest, we'll go out.<br />
4 Present simple is also used to describe fixed events which are not simply the<br />
wishes of the speaker.<br />
Tom retires in three ?ears.<br />
Similarly, calendar references use the present simple.<br />
Christmas is on a Tuesday next ?ear.<br />
It's all go - next week I have my operation; then the week after that I go on<br />
holiday...
Other future<br />
references<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 Hope<br />
This can be followed by either present or future tenses.<br />
I hope it doesn't rain.<br />
I hope it won't rain.<br />
2 Other verbs followed by will.<br />
Most verbs of thinking can be followed by will if there is future reference.<br />
These include: think, believe, expect, doubt.<br />
I expect the train will be late.<br />
I doubt whether United will win.<br />
3 Just/just about to<br />
Just can be used to describe something on the point of happening. Hurry up!<br />
The train is just leaving/just about to leave.<br />
4 Shall<br />
The use of shall for first person in future reference is generally considered to<br />
be restricted in British English and possibly declining in use.<br />
See Units 11and 12 for uses in expressing obligation. For some speakers,<br />
shall is used in formal speech and in written language.
1<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate words underlined.<br />
a) Jack is/is going to be sixty - five next month so he retires/will be retiring.<br />
b) Quick, here comes a police car! What will we say/are we going to say about the broken window?<br />
c) Helen and Andrew are due to separate/are on the point of separating.<br />
d) Don't be so impatient! I'll just come/I'm just coming.<br />
e) I have to be back at 3.30 so I'm leaving/I leave before lunch.<br />
f) What do you think you'll be doing/you'll do in five years' time?<br />
g) Come on, get a move on, or we'll miss/we'll have missed the plane!<br />
h) Will you be working/Will you work the week after Christmas ? I was thinking of visiting you.<br />
i) By the time Jean gets back, it'll be/it will have been too late.<br />
j) Don't phone after 11.00. I'll be/I'll have been asleep.
2<br />
3<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put the verb in brackets into a suitable tense.<br />
a) In twenty four hours' time (I relax) on my yacht.<br />
b) 'There's someone at the door.'<br />
‘That (be) the postman.'<br />
c) By the time you get back Harry (leave).<br />
d) It's only a short trip. I (be) back in an hour.<br />
e) What (you do) this Saturday evening? Would you like to go out?<br />
f) By the end of the week we (decide) what to do.<br />
g) It (not be) long before Doctor Smith is here.<br />
h) I've pressed the red button. Now what (I do)?<br />
i) It's very hot in here. I think I (faint).<br />
j) What (you give) Ann for her birthday? Have you decided yet?<br />
Choose the most appropriate continuation for each sentence.<br />
a) Paula's flight is bound to be late although<br />
A) it arrives at 6.00. B) it's due at 6.00. C) it's arriving at six.<br />
b) It's no use phoning Bob at the office, he<br />
A) will be leaving. B) is leaving. C) will have left.<br />
c) Everyone says that this year City<br />
A) are going to win the Cup. B) are winning the Cup. C) win the Cup.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
d) I don't feel like visiting my relatives this year so<br />
A) I won't go. B) I'm not going. C) I don't go.<br />
e) According to the latest forecast, the tunnel<br />
A) will be finished next year. B) will have been finished next year. C) is finishing next year.<br />
f) You can borrow this calculator, I<br />
A) am not going to need it. B) won't have been needing it. C) am not needing it.<br />
g) I'm sorry dinner isn't ready yet, but it<br />
A) is going to be ready in a minute. B) will have been ready in a minute. C) will be ready in a minute.<br />
h) Can you send me the results as soon as you<br />
A) hear anything? B) are hearing anything? C) will have heard anything?<br />
i) You can try asking Martin for help but<br />
A) it won't do you any good. B) it's not doing you any good. C) it won't be doing you any good.<br />
j) Don't worry about the mistake you made, nobody<br />
A) will notice. B) is noticing. C) will be noticing.
4<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase referring to future time.<br />
a) By this time next year, the government resigned.<br />
b) Wait for me here until back.<br />
c) We are on clinching the deal.<br />
d) No one can predict what Carol is next.<br />
e) This time next week I on the beach!<br />
f) Are on Wednesday evening? I've got tickets for the match.<br />
g) I've lost the key! How get in now?<br />
h) I won't be long. I just my hair.<br />
i) We only posted the invitations yesterday so you received yours yet.<br />
j) Goodbye for now. I in touch with you later in the week.
5<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.<br />
a) I don't suppose you have heard the news.<br />
You won't<br />
b) The Prime Minister expects a victory for his party.<br />
The Prime Minister believes that<br />
c) A new manager will take Mr Brown's place in the new year.<br />
Mr Brown is<br />
d) I've been in this company for three years, come the end of the month.<br />
By the end of the month I<br />
e) Why don't you come to see us during lunch?<br />
Why don't you come to see us when we<br />
f) What exactly do you intend to do?<br />
What exactly are you<br />
g) The arrival of the train has been delayed, I'm afraid.<br />
The train will<br />
h) Let's leave at the end of the next lecture.<br />
As soon as<br />
i) There will be a team members' meeting tomorrow.<br />
The team members<br />
j) This book will take me two years to write.<br />
In two years' time
6<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate word or phrase underlined.<br />
a) I'll be back after a few minutes/in a few minutes.<br />
b) I'm sure that everything will be all right at the end/in the end.<br />
c) Please call me the moment/exactly when you hear any news.<br />
d) I should be back by the time/at the time the film begins.<br />
e) I'm sure Fiona will be here before long/after a while.<br />
f) I can't leave on Tuesday. I won't be ready until then/by then.<br />
g) By twenty four hours/this time tomorrow I'll be in Bangkok.<br />
h) Diana will be retiring soon/already.<br />
i) There will be no official announcements forthwith/from now on.<br />
j) Bye for now. I'll see you in two weeks' time/two weeks later.
7<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals. Do not change the word in any way.<br />
a) What time is the train for Nottingham? LEAVE<br />
b) What do you intend to do now? GOING<br />
c) You'll find me waiting outside the station. BE<br />
d) Who will be your assistant on this project? WORKING<br />
e) Scientists are on the point of making a vital breakthrough. ABOUT<br />
f) Maria is pregnant again. HAVE<br />
g) I'll be home late. UNTIL<br />
h) No one knows who is going to win the match. WHAT<br />
i) David is bound to be here on time. WON'T<br />
j) Mary and Alan's wedding is next weekend. MARRIED
8 a) You can't leave early,<br />
A) we're having a meeting.<br />
B) we're going to have a meeting.<br />
b) We've run out of fuel.<br />
A) What are we doing now?<br />
B) What are we going to do now?<br />
c) Oh dear, I've broken the vase.<br />
A) What will your mother say?<br />
B) What is ?our mother going to say?<br />
d) According to the weather forecast,<br />
A) it'll rain tomorrow.<br />
B) it's going to rain tomorrow.<br />
e) I'd like to call round and see you.<br />
A) What'll you be doing in the morning?<br />
B) What are you doing in the morning?<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Decide whether the pairs of sentences a) and b) could be equally acceptable in the context given, or<br />
whether one is more appropriate.<br />
f) I've got nothing to do tomorrow so<br />
A) I’ll get up late.<br />
B) I'm going to get up late.<br />
g) It's my eighteenth birthday next month so<br />
A) I'm having a party.<br />
B) I'll be having a party.<br />
h) Why don't you come with us?<br />
A) It'll be a great trip.<br />
B) It's going to be a great trip.<br />
i) When you get to the airport<br />
A) someone will wait for you.<br />
B) someone will be waiting for you.<br />
j) Shut up, will you!<br />
A) I'm getting angry in a minute.<br />
B) I'm going to get angry in a minute.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Unit 3 Tense consolidation:<br />
Basic contrasts:<br />
past simple and<br />
past continuous<br />
past time<br />
1 Past simple generally refers to:<br />
Completed actions I got up, switched off the radio, and sat down again.<br />
Habits Every day I went to the park.<br />
States In those days, I didn't like reading.<br />
2 Past continuous (progressive) generally refers to:<br />
Actions in progress (often interrupted by events)<br />
I was drinking my coffee at the time.<br />
While I was opening the letter, the phone rang.<br />
Background description in narrative<br />
I entered the office and looked around. Most people were working at<br />
their desks, but Jane was staring out the window and pretending to write<br />
something at the same time.
Past perfect simple<br />
and continuous<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Changing states<br />
The car was getting worse all the time. One of the headlights was gradually<br />
falling off, and the engine was making more and more funny noises.<br />
Repeated actions - criticism<br />
With a frequency adverb, this use is similar to the use of present continuous to<br />
express annoyance.<br />
When Jane was at school, she was always losing things.<br />
3 Past continuous is not used to describe general habitual actions, without the<br />
sense of criticism mentioned above. Past simple is used for this meaning.<br />
When I lived in London, I walked through the park every day.<br />
1 Past perfect tenses in general refer to:<br />
An event in the past which happens before another event in the past, where there<br />
is no time expression to make this clear.<br />
By the time I got to the station, the train had left.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Compare this with:<br />
The train left five minutes before I got to the station.<br />
In this example, the sequence of events is made clear by before.<br />
2 Past perfect continuous (progressive).<br />
The contrasts between past simple and past continuous can be made in past<br />
perfect tenses for events further back in the past.<br />
I had been living in a bed-sitter up to then.<br />
While I had been talking on the phone, Jimmy had escaped.<br />
The whole place was deserted, but it was obvious that someone had been<br />
living there.<br />
They'd been cooking in the kitchen for a start, and they hadn't bothered to<br />
clear up the mess.<br />
3 Past perfect is also common in indirect speech. See Unit 16.<br />
4 Past perfect is not used simply to describe an event in the distant past. There<br />
must be another past event, less far away in the past, with which it contrasts.
Used to and<br />
would<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 Used to<br />
This often contrasts with the present. The contrast may be stated or understood.<br />
I used to go swimming a lot (but I don't now).<br />
The negative form is either:<br />
I didn't use to or I used not to (rare for some speakers)<br />
The form I didn't used to may also be found. This is usually considered<br />
incorrect, unless we consider used to as an unchanging semi-modal form.<br />
There is no present time reference possible.<br />
2 Would<br />
This is used to describe repeated actions, not states. It describes a habitual<br />
activity which was typical of a person.<br />
Every week he'd buy his mother a bunch of flowers.<br />
Used to would also be possible here.<br />
Compare:<br />
I used to like cowboy films.<br />
Would is not possible here.<br />
Would is more common in written language and often occurs in reminiscences.
Unfulfilled past<br />
events<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 These describe events intended to take place, but which did not happen.<br />
I was going to phone you, but I forgot.<br />
I was thinking of going to Italy this year, but I haven't decided.<br />
I was about to do it, but I started doing something else.<br />
Jack was to have taken part, but he fell ill.<br />
2 The contrasting past event is often understood.<br />
How are you? I was going to phone you... (but I didn't).<br />
3 Polite forms<br />
These are common with wonder.<br />
I was wondering if you wanted to come to the cinema.<br />
See Units 11 and 12 for comment on this.<br />
4 Contrasts with present perfect tenses<br />
See Unit 4 for contrasts between past simple and present perfect tenses.<br />
Past tenses are also used to express unreal time. See Units 8 and 9.
1<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate words underlined<br />
a) When you passed the town hall clock, did you notice/were you noticing what time it was?<br />
b) Last night my neighbours were shouting/would shout for hours and I couldn't get to sleep.<br />
c) When you lived in London, did you use to travel/were you travelling by bus?<br />
d) Everyone was having a good time, although not many people danced/were dancing.<br />
e) - Excuse me, but this seat is mine.<br />
- I'm sorry, I didn't realise/hadn't realised that you were sitting here.<br />
f) Jill didn't eat/hadn't eaten all day, so she was really hungry at this point.<br />
g) - Paul has forgotten to book the tickets I'm afraid.<br />
- He was always doing/would do something like that!<br />
h) It took a while for me to notice, but then I did. Everyone stared/was staring at me.<br />
What had I done wrong?<br />
i) Nobody bothered to tell me that the school decided/had decided to have a<br />
special holiday that Friday.<br />
j) I was trying/tried to get in touch with you all day yesterday. Where were you?
2<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense. All sentences refer to past time.<br />
a) I realised that someone (steal) my wallet when I (feel) their hand in my jacket pocket.<br />
b) When I (phone) Helen last night she (wash) her hair and she (not<br />
finish) when I finally (get to) her house.<br />
c) Peter (offer) me another drink but I decided I (drink)enough.<br />
d) Nobody (watch), so the little boy (take) the packet of sweets from the shelf and<br />
(put) it in his pocket.<br />
e) I (not realise) that I (leave) my umbrella on the bus until it (start)<br />
to rain.<br />
f) At school I (dislike) the maths teacher because he (always pick) on me.<br />
g) Wherever Marion (find) a job, there was someone who (know) that she<br />
(go) to prison.<br />
h) It was only much later I (find out) that during all the time I (write) to my<br />
penfriend, my mother (open) and reading the replies!<br />
i) I (not understand) what (go on). Several people (shout) at me, and<br />
one (wave) a newspaper in front of my face.<br />
j) I (know) I (do) well in my exams even before I (receive) the official<br />
results.
3<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Decide whether the tense underlined is suitable or not in the context given.If you decide it is unsuitable,<br />
write a correction. If you decide it is suitable, write "suitable".<br />
a) The train (1) ground to a halt at a small station miles from London, and it (2) became apparent that the<br />
engine (3) had broken down. Everyone (4) was getting their cases down from the luggage racks, and we (5)<br />
were waiting on the platform in the freezing wind for hours until the next train (6) had turned up.<br />
1) 4)<br />
2) 5)<br />
3) 6)<br />
b) The other strange thing about our neighbour Mrs Black was that she (1) would never go out if it was raining.<br />
She (2) used to look up at the sky whenever (3) it was getting cloudy, and as soon as even the smallest drop of<br />
rain (4) was falling she (5) had scuttled back into her house and (6) was locking herself in her bedroom!<br />
1) 4)<br />
2) 5)<br />
3) 6)<br />
c) Inspector Gorse (1) was in touch with Thames Valley Police six months before Professor Dowson (2) was<br />
disappearing, because the Professor's wife Jean (3) would write to him, accusing her husband of plotting to<br />
murder her. And now it was the Professor who (4) disappeared. Gorse (5) considered what his next step should<br />
be when the phone rang. It was Sergeant Adams from Thames Valley. A fisherman (6) discovered a body in the<br />
Thames near Reading, and it fitted the description of the Professor.<br />
1) 4)<br />
2) 5)<br />
3) 6)
4<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into a suitable past tense. Only use the past perfect where this is absolutely<br />
necessary.<br />
This time last year I (1) (cycle) in the rain along a country road in France with a friend of mine.<br />
We (2) (decide) to go on a cycling holiday in Normandy. Neither of us (3) (go) to<br />
France before, but we (4) (know) some French from our time at school and we (5)<br />
(manage) to brush up on the basics. Now we (6) (wonder) if we (7) (make) the<br />
right decision. We (8) (plan) our route carefully in advance, but we (9) (forget)<br />
one important thing, the weather. It (10) (rain) solidly since our arrival and that night we<br />
(11) (end up) sleeping in the waiting room at a railway station. Then the next morning as we<br />
(12) (ride) down a steep hill my bike (13) (skid) on the wet road and I<br />
14) (fall off). I (15) (realise) immediately that I (16) (break) my arm,<br />
and after a visit to the local hospital I (17) (catch) the next train to Calais for the ferry home.<br />
Unfortunately my parents (18) (not expect) me home for a fortnight, and (19) (go)<br />
away on holiday. So I (20) (spend) a miserable couple of weeks alone, reading Teach Yourself<br />
French.
5<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
In each sentence decide whether one or both of the alternative tenses given are appropriate.<br />
a) In those days, I always used to get up/got up early in the morning.<br />
b) When I got to the cinema Jack had been waiting/was waiting for me.<br />
c) We would always have/were always having breakfast in bed on Sundays.<br />
d) Mary was always falling/always fell ill before important examinations.<br />
e) My sister used to own/would own a motorcycle and sidecar.<br />
f) Pay no attention to Dave's remarks. He wasn't meaning/didn't mean it.<br />
g) I felt awful after lunch. I ate/had eaten too much.<br />
h) Brenda left/had left before I had time to talk to her.<br />
i) The explanation was simple. In 1781 HMS Sovereign on her way back from India had sighted/sighted<br />
an empty boat drifting off the African coast.<br />
j) Pauline has changed a lot. She didn't always use to look/wasn't always looking like that.
6<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word or words in capitals.<br />
a) I intended to call you yesterday, but I forgot. GOING<br />
b) We used to spend Sunday afternoons working in the garden. WOULD<br />
c) Paul had the irritating habit of making trouble. ALWAYS<br />
d) Diana wasn't always as rude as that BE<br />
e) I felt happy about the improvement in Jean's condition. BETTER<br />
f) I wasn't very keen on sport in those days. USE<br />
g) I might possibly go to the theatre tonight. WAS<br />
h) I had to go past your house so I decided to drop in. PASSING<br />
i) Susan booked out before we got to her hotel. BY THE TIME<br />
j) What did you do at the moment of the explosion ? WHEN
7<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate time expression underlined.<br />
a) Once/Afterwards I'd read the manual, I found I could use the computer quite well.<br />
b) It was more than a month before/until I realised what had happened.<br />
c) I managed to talk to Carol just as/while she was leaving.<br />
d) It wasn't until/up to 1983 that Nigel could afford to take holidays abroad.<br />
e) George always let me know by the time/whenever he was going to be late.<br />
f) I was having a bath at the time/that time, so I didn't hear the doorbell.<br />
g) We bought our tickets and five minutes after/later the train arrived.<br />
h) According to Grandpa, people used to dress formally those days/in his day.<br />
i) Everyone was talking but stopped at the time/the moment Mr Smith entered the room.<br />
j) The letter still hadn't arrived by/until the end of the week.
8<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into a suitable past tense. Only use the past perfect where this is absolutely<br />
necessary.<br />
Harry went back to the camp the following morning, but it was in some confusion. Soldiers (1)<br />
(wander) around carrying equipment from one place to another, but there (2) (not<br />
seem) to be any purpose to what they (3) (do). Harry (4) (never be) in an army<br />
camp before, but it (5) (not take) a genius to realise that most of the officers (6)<br />
(take) the first opportunity to abandon the men and head for safety. He (7) (try) to phone the<br />
newspaper, but something (8) (happen) to the telephone lines. He (9) (try) to find<br />
out what exactly (10) (go on), when the first plane (11) (fly) low over the camp. A<br />
wooden building a few hundred yards away suddenly (12) (disappear) in an explosion of flame.<br />
Before long bombs (13) (explode) all around him, and then everything (14) (go)<br />
quiet. The planes (15) (vanish) as suddenly as they (16) (appear). Smoke<br />
(17) (rise) from burning buildings. A dead man (18) (lie) next to Harry, the first<br />
dead person he (19) (ever see). And suddenly it (20) (begin) to rain.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Unit 4 Tense consolidation:<br />
Present perfect<br />
simple<br />
present perfect<br />
1 Present perfect simple refers to:<br />
Recent events, without a definite time given. The recentness may be indicated<br />
by just.<br />
We've missed the turning.<br />
I've just seen a ghost!<br />
Indefinite events, which happened at an unknown time in the past. No definite<br />
time is given.<br />
Jim has had three car accidents. (up to the present)<br />
Indefinite events which may have an obvious result in the present<br />
I've twisted my ankle. (that's why I'т limping)<br />
With state verbs, a state which lasts up to the present.<br />
I've lived here for the past ten years.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
A habitual action in a period of time up to the present<br />
I've been jogging every morning for the last month.<br />
2 Contrasts with past simple<br />
Past simple is used with time expressions which refer to definite times. The<br />
time may be stated or understood. Compare:<br />
I've bought a new car. (indefinite)<br />
I bought a new car last week. (definite)<br />
I bought the car after all. (implied definite: the car we talked about)<br />
Choice between past simple and present perfect for recent events may depend<br />
on the mental attitude of the speaker. This in turn may depend on whether<br />
the speaker feels distant in time or place from the event.<br />
I've left my wallet in the car. I'm going back to get it.<br />
Here the speaker may be about to return, and feels that the event is connected<br />
with the present.<br />
I left my wallet in the car. I'm going back to get it.<br />
Here the speaker may feel separated in time from the event, or be further away.
Present perfect<br />
continuous<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
1 Present perfect continuous (progressive) can refer to a range of meanings,<br />
depending on the time expression used and the context. A state which lasts up to<br />
the present moment<br />
I've been waiting for you for three hours!<br />
An incomplete activity<br />
I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished.<br />
To emphasise duration<br />
I've been writing letters all morning<br />
A recently finished activity<br />
I've been running. That's why I look hot.<br />
A repeated activity<br />
I've been taking French lessons this year.<br />
2 Contrasts with present perfect simple<br />
There may be little contrast when some state verbs are used.<br />
How long have you lived here?<br />
How long have you been living here?
Time expressions<br />
with present<br />
perfect<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Some verbs (especially sit, lie, wait and stay) prefer the continuous form. There<br />
may be a contrast between completion and incompletion, especially if the<br />
number of items completed is mentioned.<br />
Completed: emphasis on achievement<br />
I've ironed five shirts this morning.<br />
Incomplete, or recently completed : emphasis on duration<br />
I've been ironing my shirts this morning.<br />
Meaning with present perfect tenses is associated with certain time expressions.<br />
Contrast with past simple may depend on the choice of time expression. Past<br />
simple: referring to a specific time yesterday, last week, on Sunday. Present<br />
perfect simple: since 1968 (the beginning of a period of time), already<br />
(indefinite past)<br />
Many time expressions are not associated with a specific tense.<br />
I haven't seen Helen recently.<br />
I saw Jim recently.
1<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate tense underlined<br />
a) I can't believe it, inspector. You mean that Smith stole/has stolen/ has been. stealing money<br />
from the till all this time!<br />
b) You three boys look very guilty! What did you do/have you done/have you been doing since I<br />
left/have left the room?<br />
c) Why on earth didn't you tell/haven't you told me about that loose floorboard? I tripped/have<br />
tripped over it just now and hurt myself.<br />
d) It's a long time since I saw/have seen/have been seeing your brother Paul. What did he do/has<br />
he done/has he been doing lately ?<br />
e) I can't believe that you ate/have eaten/have been eating three pizzas already! I only<br />
brought/have only brought them in fifteen minutes ago!<br />
f) Don't forget that you didn't see/haven't seen Mrs Dawson. She has waited/has been waiting<br />
outside since 10.30.<br />
g) What did you think/have you thought of Brighton? Did you stay/Have you stayed there long?<br />
h) I feel really tired. I weeded/have weeded/have been weeding the garden for the last three<br />
hours and I didn't rest/haven't rested for a single moment.<br />
i) I'm having problems with David. He has called/has been calling me up in the middle of the<br />
night and told/telling me his troubles.<br />
j) How long did you have/have you had/have you been having driving lessons? And did you<br />
take/have you taken/have you been taking your test yet?
2<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into the most appropriate perfect or past tense.<br />
a) I'm sorry I<br />
late in the evenings for the past fortnight.<br />
(not come) to class lately. I (work)<br />
b) So far we<br />
attention.<br />
(not notice) anything unusual, but we (not pay) very close<br />
c) I wonder if Mary (reach) home yet? She (leave) too late to catch the bus.<br />
d) Here is the news. The Home Office (announce) that the two prisoners who<br />
(escape) from Dartmoor prison earlier this morning (give<br />
themselves up) to local police.<br />
e) (you make up) your minds? What (you decide) to do?<br />
f) Harry (leave) home rather suddenly and we (not hear) from him since.<br />
g) Recent research (show) that Columbus<br />
Vikings (land) there five hundred years before him.<br />
(not discover) America, but that<br />
h) I think that people (become) tired of the poor quality of television programmes,<br />
though they (improve) lately.<br />
i)<br />
Glasgow for the past hour.<br />
(something happen) to the lines? I (try) to get through to<br />
j) Bill (get) that new job, but he (complain) about it ever since.
3<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Complete each sentence a) to j) with an appropriate ending from 1) to 10). Do not use an ending more<br />
than once<br />
a) I haven't been feeling very well 1) ...time and time again.<br />
b) I went to the dentist's 2) ...all my life.<br />
c) I've lived here 3) ...so far.<br />
d) Don't worry. I haven't been waiting 4) ...for the time being.<br />
e) I've written two pages 5) ...for the past hour or two.<br />
f) I waited outside your house 6) ...yet.<br />
g) I've warned you about this 7) ...till half past eight.<br />
h) I haven't made a decision 8) ...for a while.<br />
i) The repair worked 9) ...the other day.<br />
j) I've decided to believe you 10) ...long.
4<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same<br />
a) It's a long time since I last went to a football match.<br />
I haven't<br />
b) This is my second visit to Hungary.<br />
This is the second time<br />
c) I paid this bill earlier, actually.<br />
Actually I've<br />
d) We haven't been swimming for ages.<br />
It's ages<br />
e) Mary started learning French five years ago.<br />
Mary has<br />
f) I am on the tenth page of the letter I am writing.<br />
So far I<br />
g) After I arrived here, I started to feel better.<br />
Since arriving here,<br />
h) It's over twenty years since we got married.<br />
We have<br />
i) The last time I saw Dick was in 1985.<br />
I haven't<br />
j) There is a definite improvement in your work.<br />
Lately your work.
5<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so that the meaning stays the<br />
same.<br />
a) You have missed the beginning of the film. HAS<br />
b) I can't seem to stop sneezing lately. BEEN<br />
c) Paul is different from what he used to be. HAS<br />
d) This has been my home for thirty years. HAVE<br />
e) Eating Chinese food is new to me. BEFORE<br />
f) Is there any news? HAPPENED<br />
g) I bought my car in 1985 and I'm still driving it. BEEN<br />
h) I don't know where my keys are. HAVE<br />
i) Sue doesn't have her dictionary with her; it's at home. HAS<br />
j) Tony hasn't been to Paris before. FIRST
6<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate phrase for each situation.<br />
a) The price of petrol has risen/has been rising by 15% over the past year.<br />
b) No wonder you are overweight! You have eaten/You have been eating chocolates all day long!<br />
c) I've read/I've been reading War and Peace this morning.<br />
d) Doesn't this room look better? I've put/I've been putting some posters up on the walls.<br />
e) Don't disappoint me! I've counted on you/I've been counting on you.<br />
f) Don't forget your pills today. Have you taken them/Have you been taking them?<br />
g) Who has worn/has been wearing my scarf?<br />
h) I think there's something wrong with your motorbike. It's made/It's been making some very<br />
funny noises.<br />
i) Jack has asked/has been asking for a pay-rise three times this year.<br />
j) I've been phoning/I've phoned Ann all evening, but there's no reply.
7<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most suitable word or phrase underlined.<br />
a) It's a long time since/when I last saw you.<br />
b) I've seen Bill quite often lately/from time to time.<br />
c) Have you spoken to the director beforehand/already?<br />
d) I've lived in the same house for years/for ever.<br />
e) I've read the paper now/still.<br />
f) Diana has bought a computer two years ago/since then.<br />
g) Nothing much has been happening by now/so far.<br />
h) I've finished reading her new book at last/this evening.<br />
i) Sue bought a CD player last week and she's been listening to music ever since/for a while.<br />
j) Sorry, but I haven't got that work finished already/yet.
8<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into either the past simple, present perfect simple or present perfect<br />
continuous.<br />
Ever since the day I (1) (decide) to move to London, I (2) (worry) whether the<br />
decision I (3) (take) was the right one. As I (4) (already sell) my house<br />
and (5) (arrange) a new job, it is too late to change my mind. However, since then I<br />
(6) (hear) a lot of negative things about living in the capital, and lately some of them<br />
(7) (begin) to bother me. I (8) (grow up) in a fairly small town and<br />
I (9) (spend) all of my life there. I (10) (always want) to live<br />
in a big city and so when my company (11) (offer) me a job in their London office, I<br />
(12) (grab) at the chance. But according to a programme I (13) (just<br />
hear) on the radio, more and more people (14) (stop) working in London recently, and a<br />
lot of large companies (15) (choose) to move away from the center Of course I (16)<br />
(tell) my parents that I'm moving and they (17) (accept) my decision, but when I<br />
(18) (tell) my friends they (19) (seem) rather shocked. Since then I<br />
(20) (hope) secretly that me company would tell me that the move was off!
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Unit 5 PROGRESS TEST<br />
Units 1, 2, 3, 4
1<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.<br />
Farmers, as we all (1) (know), (2) (have) a hard time of it in Britain lately, and<br />
(3) (turn) to new ways of earning income from their land. This (4)<br />
(involve) not only planting new kinds of crops, but some strange ways of making money, the most unusual<br />
of which has got to be sheep racing. Yes, you (5) (hear) me correctly! A farmer in the West<br />
of England now (6) (hold) sheep races on a regular basis, and during the past year over 100<br />
000 people (7) (turn up) to watch the proceedings. 'I (8) (pass) the farm<br />
on my way to the sea for a holiday,’ one punter told me, 'and I (9) (think) I'd have a<br />
look. I (10) (not believe) it was serious, to tell you the truth.' According to a<br />
regular visitor, betting on sheep is more interesting than betting on horses. 'At proper horse races everyone<br />
(11) (already study) the form of the horses in advance, and there are clear<br />
favourites. But nobody (12) (hear) anything about these sheep! Most people (13)<br />
(find) it difficult to tell one from another in any case.' I (14) (stay) to watch the races, and I<br />
must admit that I (15) (find) it quite exciting. In a typical race, half a dozen sheep<br />
(16) (race) downhill over a course of about half a mile. Food (17)<br />
(wait) for them at the other end of the track, I ought to add! The sheep (18) (run)<br />
surprisingly fast, although presumably they (19) (not eat) for a while just to give them<br />
some motivation. At any rate, the crowd around me (20) (obviously enjoy) their<br />
day out at the races, judging by their happy faces and the sense of excitement.
2<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.<br />
a) This matter is none of your business.<br />
This matter does<br />
b) This bridge will take us three years to complete.<br />
In three years time we<br />
c) Patsy wasn't always so unfriendly.<br />
Patsy didn't<br />
d) We'll be at your house soon.<br />
It won't<br />
e) I haven't seen Anne for years.<br />
It's years<br />
f) The dog keeps stealing my socks!<br />
The dog is<br />
g) After taking the pills, I began to feel much better.<br />
Since taking<br />
h) We'll have to leave immediately at the end of the film.<br />
The.moment<br />
i) Harry left before we reached the hotel.<br />
By the time<br />
j) Is there such a place as Eldorado?<br />
Does
3<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so that the meaning stays the same.<br />
a) When is the train due to arrive? GET<br />
b) I shouldn't think Paul knows the answer. DOUBT<br />
c) I've had to wait all afternoon. BEEN<br />
d) To get to work on time I have to get up at 6.00. MEANS<br />
e) Today is Liz and John's thirtieth wedding anniversary. FOR<br />
f) By the end of the week, Harry was well again. GOT<br />
g) Whose watch is this ? BELONG<br />
h) Cathy hasn't been on holiday with her sister before. FIRST<br />
i) My dentist's appointment is for next Wednesday. TO<br />
j) Brenda had no idea of her next move. WHAT
4<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Complete each sentence with an appropriate word or phrase.<br />
a) Can you remember what you ten years ago today?<br />
b) This is the first jazz concert I to.<br />
c) Don't eat any more ice cream, you sick.<br />
d) I have hated this place ever here.<br />
e) I hope that by the end of the month I all the decorating.<br />
f) Sheila and Ken to each other since their quarrel last week!<br />
g) Do going to the cricket match tomorrow?<br />
h) We can't go skiing because it enough yet.<br />
i) Penny to going on holiday, but she ended up very disappointed.<br />
j) I began to recover my strength later, once I a good meal.
5<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate word or phrase.<br />
a) we get to the theatre, the play will have started.<br />
A) As soon as B) Until C) By the time D) Whenever<br />
b) What's the matter? Haven't you started ?<br />
A) already B) yet C) by now D)soon<br />
c) The trouble with you is that you’re complaining.<br />
A) forever B) often C) still D) each time<br />
d) Can you remember what you were doing ?<br />
A) the time B) usually C) every day D) at the time<br />
e) The new school opens<br />
A) now B) at once C) next week D) day by day<br />
f) I haven't been feeling very well<br />
A) of late B) not long ago C) currently D) by now<br />
g) we get to the top of this hill, we'll be all right.<br />
A) Eventually B) Once C) Now D) At the time<br />
h) It's ages I last saw a decent comedy film on television.<br />
A) that B) ago C) since D) when<br />
i) I don't go swimming very much<br />
A) nowadays B) in those days C) recently D) now and again<br />
j) we haven't managed to find what we are looking for.<br />
A) To now B) On and off C) Formerly D) So far
6<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense, in either continuous or simple form, according to the<br />
context.<br />
a) This is my new car. What<br />
b) -Who are you?<br />
(you think) of it?<br />
- What do you mean? I (live) here.<br />
c) I can't find the car keys. What (you do) with them?<br />
d) Sorry I haven't fixed the plug. I<br />
the time.<br />
(mean) to get round to it, but I just haven't found<br />
e) What (you do) on Saturdays?<br />
f) I don't know what time we'll eat. It (depend) when Helen gets here.<br />
g) I supported you at the time because I (feel) that you were right.<br />
h) Peter couldn't understand what had been decided because too many people (talk) at once.<br />
i) Jean, I'm so glad you've got here at last. I (expect) you all day.<br />
j) Please don't let me down this time! I (depend) on you.
7<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.<br />
a) Sam (not receive) the parcel the last time I (speak) to him.<br />
b) I (consider) buying a house but now I (change) my mind.<br />
c) When you (feel) hungry later, room service (bring) you whatever<br />
you (want).<br />
d) I<br />
my ticket.<br />
(find) it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I (lose)<br />
e) Since I (pay) for our lunch, I (try) to attract the waiter's attention.<br />
f) As soon as I<br />
back to you.<br />
(have) a good look at the designs, I (send) them<br />
g) I (hope) to meet you ever since I (read) your first novel.<br />
h) Whatever (happen), I (meet) you here in a week's time.<br />
i) By the time you (finish) getting ready, we (miss) the train!<br />
j) Sally! I<br />
York?<br />
(not expect) to see you here! What (you do) in New
8<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.<br />
Ask hundreds of people what they (1) (do) on a certain day in August next year, or the year<br />
after, and there (2) (be) only one reply. Provided of course that the people you (3)<br />
(ask) (4) (belong) to the Elvis Presley Fan Club. Although the King of Rock and Roll<br />
(5) (die) nearly two decades ago, his fans (6) (meet) every year since then<br />
outside his home in Memphis, Tennessee, to show respect for the singer they (7) (love) so<br />
much. Fans like Jean Thomas, from Catford in South London. Jean (8) (visit) Gracelands, the<br />
house where Elvis (9) (suffer) his fatal heart attack, twice in the past five years. The first<br />
time I (10) (borrow) the money from my Mum, as I (11) (not work) then.<br />
But two years ago I (12) (get) married and since then I (13) (work) in my<br />
husband Chris's garage. Chris and I (14) (go) together last year, and we (15)<br />
(think) of spending two or three months in the USA next year. I (16)<br />
(always want) to visit some of the places where Elvis (17) (perform). Like Las Vegas<br />
for example.' Jean says that Elvis (18) (be) her obsession ever since she (19)<br />
(be) ten years old, and she (20)<br />
and bad.<br />
(own) every single one of his records, good
9<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.<br />
a) The last time I was in Prague was in 1986.<br />
I haven't<br />
b) This will be the team's first match outside England.<br />
This will be the first time<br />
c) Terry will get over his illness. Then his work will improve.<br />
Once<br />
d) There will be someone to meet you on arrival.<br />
When<br />
e) The number of people who attended the fair exceeded our expectations.<br />
More people<br />
f) I didn't receive the results of my test for a month.<br />
It was<br />
g) My work won't be finished by the end of the month.<br />
I<br />
h) Go to the international ticket desk immediately on arrival.<br />
As<br />
i) I didn't know about John's departure.<br />
I didn't know that<br />
j) Quite a few books are missing from the class library.<br />
Several members of the class have not
10<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into an appropriate tense.<br />
a) I (not understand) what you (wait) for.<br />
b) (anyone see) my pencil? I (leave) it here somewhere.<br />
c) When he (not arrive) by 6.00, I<br />
(miss) the bus.<br />
(know) he<br />
d) (you go away) this weekend? Or (you run out) of money?<br />
e) What (you think) you (do) in ten years' time?<br />
f) I (really enjoy) myself at the moment.<br />
g) (you let) me know the minute you (hear) any news?<br />
h) Something (tell) me that you<br />
(say) in the past ten minutes!<br />
(not listen) to a single word I<br />
i) What's the matter? (you hurt) your ankle? How (you do) it?<br />
j) That's definitely the last time that I (lend) you any money!
11<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Complete each sentence with one appropriate word.<br />
a) It's since I last had a good Chinese meal.<br />
b) Funnily enough I saw Bob quite at the sports club.<br />
c) I've loved you ever the first day I set eyes on you!<br />
d) How long was it that you lived in Inverness?<br />
e) I've to see anyone who can dance as well as Diana.<br />
f) Could you phone me the you arrive at the hotel so I don't worry ?<br />
g) I promise to get everything ready eight o'clock at the latest.<br />
h) Have you finished ? Wow, you are a fast worker, aren't you!<br />
i) I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it will be some time<br />
j) Just sit here, would you? The doctor will be with you<br />
Brian gets back.
12<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Decide whether each underlined phrase is appropriate, and rewrite the phrase more appropriately<br />
where necessary.<br />
a) Rob Jones tomorrow? I wonder if you could give him a message from Sally Gordon?<br />
b) I had a great time in the Greek Islands. a small boat and go fishing every day.<br />
c) Julie, hi! I'd see you. I've got some good news!<br />
d) We had a terrible time looking after your dog. the cats next door.<br />
e) We had a lovely time in Madrid. Every day we were exploring the city, and in the evening<br />
to exciting bars.<br />
f) The steam engine is usually thought of as a relatively modern invention, but the Greeks a kind<br />
of steam engine in ancient times.<br />
g) I felt rather worried. darker and colder, and there was still no sign of the rescue<br />
helicopter.<br />
h) Don't worry! All we have to do is wait here until someone us.<br />
i) This meat awful! Are you quite sure it was fresh?<br />
j) The radiator in my room has burst, and there is water all over the floor! You're the manager,<br />
what about it?
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Unit 6 Passive 1<br />
Basic uses of the<br />
passive<br />
1 Agent and instrument<br />
The person who performs an action in a passive sentence is called the agent,<br />
introduced by by. The agent may or may not be mentioned.<br />
My purse was found by one of the cleaners.<br />
An object which causes something to happen is called an instrument,<br />
introduced by with.<br />
He was hit on the head with a hammer.<br />
2 Most verbs with an object (transitive verbs) can be made passive. Common<br />
verbs not used in the passive include:<br />
become, fit (be the right size) get, have, lack, let, like, resemble, suit<br />
Some verbs have both transitive and intransitive meanings.<br />
We arrived at the hotel at eight. (cannot be made passive)<br />
How was the answer arrived at? (passive with a different meaning)
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
3 Verbs with two objects<br />
Verbs which have two objects can be made passive in two ways.<br />
I was handed a note. A note was handed to me.<br />
Other common verbs of this type are: bring, give, lend, pass, pay, promise, sell,<br />
send, show, tell<br />
4 Verbs with object and complement<br />
Some verbs have a noun or adjective which describes their object.<br />
We elected Jim class representative.<br />
Everyone considered him a failure.<br />
When these are made passive, the complement goes directly after the verb.<br />
Jim was elected class representative.<br />
He was considered a failure.<br />
5 Translation<br />
The uses of the passive in English and in other languages are not necessarily the<br />
same. Some languages may use passive forms where English uses active ones,<br />
and vice versa.
Using and not<br />
mentioning the<br />
agent<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
6 Tenses<br />
Although it is possible to form a wide range of passive tenses, the most used are<br />
present simple and continuous, past simple and continuous, present perfect<br />
simple, past perfect simple, will future, and future perfect. There are also present<br />
and past passive infinitives.<br />
1 Change of focus<br />
The passive can change the emphasis of a sentence.<br />
Jack won the prize. (focus on Jack)<br />
The prize was won by Jack. (focus on the prize)<br />
2 Unknown agent<br />
The agent is not mentioned if unknown.<br />
My wallet has been taken.<br />
In this case, there is no point in adding an agent: 'by somebody'
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
3 Generalised agent<br />
If the subject is 'people in general' or 'you' the agent is not mentioned.<br />
Bicycles are widely used in the city instead of public transport.<br />
4 Obvious agent<br />
If the agent is obvious or has already been mentioned, it is not mentioned.<br />
Linda has been arrested! (we assume by the police)<br />
The company agreed to our request and a new car-park was opened.<br />
5 Unimportant agent<br />
If the agent is not important to the meaning of the sentence it is not mentioned.<br />
I was advised to obtain a visa in advance.<br />
6 Impersonality<br />
Using the passive is a way of avoiding the naming of a specific person who is<br />
responsible for an action.<br />
It has been decided to reduce all salaries by 10%.<br />
In descriptions of processes, there is emphasis on the actions performed rather<br />
than on the people who perform them.<br />
Then the packets are packed into boxes of twenty four.
1<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Correct any verb forms which are impossible or inappropriate. Write "appropriate" or your variant.<br />
a) A lot of homes in the area have been being broken into by burglars.<br />
b) As I drove south, I could see that the old road was rebuilding.<br />
c) I suppose the letter will have been delivered by now.<br />
d) There is nothing more annoying than been interrupted when you are speaking.<br />
e) Jim was been given the sack from his new job.<br />
f) Somehow without my noticing my wallet had been disappeared.<br />
g) The new shopping centre was opened by the local MR.<br />
h) Harry is been questioned by the police about the accident.<br />
i) A lot of meetings have been held, but nothing has being decided yet.<br />
j) Last week it is decided not to have an office party after all.
2<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Both sentences in each pair have the same meaning. Complete the second sentence.<br />
a) The crowd was slowly filling the huge stadium.<br />
The huge stadium by the crowd.<br />
b) The invention of the computer simplified the work of accountants.<br />
Since the computer the work of accountants simplified.<br />
c) Someone has suggested that the shop should close.<br />
It that the shop should close.<br />
d) 'I’'d take out some travel insurance if I were you, Mr Smith.'<br />
Mr Smith take out some travel insurance.<br />
e) The waitress will bring your drinks in a moment.<br />
Your drinks in a moment.<br />
f) Someone used a knife to open this window.<br />
This window a knife.<br />
g) You will hear from us when we have finished dealing with your complaint<br />
After your complaint you will hear from us.<br />
h) An announcement of their engagement appeared in the local paper.<br />
Their engagement in the local paper.<br />
i) Nobody ever heard anything of David again.<br />
Nothing David again.<br />
j) They paid Sheila ₤1000 as a special bonus.<br />
Ј1000 Sheila as a special bonus.
3<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the words underlined and so that it contains a passive<br />
form.<br />
a) Someone left the phone off the hook all night.<br />
b) The governmenthas announced that petrol prices will rise tomorrow.<br />
c) A burglar broke into our house last week.<br />
d) People asked me the way three times.<br />
e) The fruit-pickers pick the apples early in the morning.<br />
f) It's time the authorities did something about this problem.<br />
g) Lots of people had parked their cars on the pavement.<br />
h) The government agreed with the report and so they changed the law.<br />
i) You have to fill in an application form.<br />
j) They don't know what happened to the ship.
4<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into the passive in an appropriate tense.<br />
a) The boxes (not pack) yet.<br />
b) Your food (still prepare).<br />
c) The new ship (launch) next week.<br />
d) Luckily by the time we got there the painting (not sell).<br />
e) We had to go on holiday because our house (decorate).<br />
f) I'm afraid that next week's meeting (cancel).<br />
g) If we don't hurry, all the tickets (sell) by the time we get there.<br />
h) All main courses (serve) with vegetables or salad.<br />
i) The second goal (score) by Hughes in the 41st minute.<br />
j) The cathedral (build) in the fourteenth century.
5<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose any uses of the agent which are unnecessary.<br />
a) My jewellery has been stolen by a thief!<br />
b) It has been decided by the school that Wednesday will be a school holiday.<br />
c) Harry was pushed over by someone standing next to him in the queue.<br />
d) The goods are transported by rail to our warehouse in the Midlands.<br />
e) I was told by someone that you have a vacancy for a computer operator.<br />
f) Sue has been picked by the selectors for the national team.<br />
g) The letter was sent by post on the 21st of last month.<br />
h) The larger portrait was painted by a little-known Flemish artist.<br />
i) It has been agreed by everyone that no smoking should be allowed.<br />
j) As I arrived at the conference a note was handed to me by one of the delegates.
6<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.<br />
a) A friend lent George the motorbike he rode in the race.<br />
The motorbike George rode in the race<br />
b) At the time my aunt was looking after the children for us.<br />
At the time our children<br />
c) The police have issued a description of the wanted man.<br />
A description<br />
d) It was a mistake to enter Brian for the exam.<br />
Brian should not<br />
e) They said they would rather Diana didn't listen to music at work.<br />
Diana<br />
f) Johnson first became a member of parliament in 1983.<br />
Johnson was first<br />
g) My legal advisers have told me not to say any more at this time.<br />
I have<br />
h) Nobody had invited Jean to the party, which annoyed her.<br />
As she<br />
i) Tony has another six months to finish his thesis.<br />
Tony has been<br />
j) There is no definite decision yet about the venue of the next Olympic Games.<br />
Nothing
7<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence in a more formal style so that it contains a passive form of the word given in<br />
capitals.<br />
a) Sorry, but we've lost your letter. MISLAY<br />
b) The police are grilling Harry down at the station. QUESTION<br />
c) They've found the remains of an old Roman villa nearby. DISCOVER<br />
d) You'll get a rise in salary after six months. RAISE<br />
e) You go in the cathedral from the south door. ENTER<br />
f) They stopped playing the match after half an hour. ABANDON<br />
g) They've stopped traffic from using the centre. BAN<br />
h) They took Chris to court for dangerous driving. PROSECUTE<br />
i) You usually eat this kind of fish with a white sauce. SERVE<br />
j) I don't know your name. INTRODUCE
8<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put each verb in brackets into the passive in an appropriate tense.<br />
a) Nothing (see) of Pauline since her car (find) abandoned near Newbury last<br />
week.<br />
b) As our new furniture (deliver) on Monday morning I'll have to stay at home to check<br />
that it (not damage) during transit.<br />
c) The new Alhambra hatchback, which in this country (sell) under the name<br />
'Challenger', (fit) with electric windows as standard.<br />
d) For the past few days I (work) in Jack's office, as my own office<br />
(redecorate).<br />
e) The last time I went sailing with friends the boat (sink) in a gale. Luckily I<br />
(not invite) again since then!<br />
f) It (announce) that the proposed new office block (now not build)<br />
because of the current economic situation.<br />
g) A major new deposit of oil (discover) in the North Sea. It (think) to<br />
be nearly twice the size of the largest existing field.<br />
h) Pictures of the surface of the planet Venus (receive) yesterday from the space probe<br />
'Explorer' which (launch) last year.<br />
i) A large sum (raise) for the Fund by a recent charity concert but the target of Ј250 000<br />
(still not reach).<br />
j) No decision (make) about any future appointment until all suitable candidates<br />
(interview).
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Unit 7 Passive 2<br />
Have and get<br />
something done,<br />
need doing<br />
1 Have something done<br />
This usually describes a service performed for us by someone else.<br />
I've just bad my car serviced.<br />
It can also describe something unfortunate that happens to someone.<br />
We have had our car stolen so we need a lift.<br />
This applies to a range of tenses: I'm having my flat painted next week.<br />
I have it done every year.<br />
Sheila had her hair done yesterday.<br />
I was having the roof repaired when it happened.<br />
Note the quite different colloquial expressions have someone round/over. In<br />
this case, there is no sense of a service.<br />
We had some friends round for dinner last night.<br />
2 Get something done<br />
Get cannot be used in all the same contexts as have in this case. Get is<br />
common where there is a feeling that something must be done:<br />
Imust get my car serviced.
Passive get<br />
Reporting verbs<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
It is also common in orders and imperatives:<br />
Get your hair cut!<br />
There is also a feeling of eventually managing something in some uses:<br />
I eventually got the car fixed.<br />
Sue always gets things done in this office.<br />
3 The need to have a service done can be described with need doing.<br />
Your hair needs cutting..<br />
Get can be used instead of be to form the passive in spoken language.<br />
Martin got arrested at a football match.<br />
1 Present reference<br />
With verbs such as believe, know, say, think which report people's opinions,<br />
a passive construction is often used to avoid a weak subject, and to give a<br />
generalised opinion.<br />
With present reference, the passive is followed by the present infinitive.<br />
People think that Smith is in England.<br />
Smith is thought to be in England.
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
2 Past reference<br />
With past reference, the passive is followed by the perfect past infinitive.<br />
People believe that Smith left England last week.<br />
Smith is believed to have left England last week.<br />
3 Past reporting verb<br />
If the reporting verb is in the past, the perfect infinitive tends to follow, though<br />
not always if the verb be is used.<br />
People thought Sue had paid too much.<br />
Sue was thought to have paid too much.<br />
The police thought that the thief was still in the house.<br />
The thief was thought to still be in the house.<br />
4 With passive infinitive<br />
Everyone knows the portrait was painted by an Italian.<br />
The portrait is known to have been painted by an Italian.
Verbs with<br />
prepositions<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
5 If there are two objects, two versions are possible.<br />
The portrait is known to have been painted by an Italian.<br />
An Italian is known to have painted the portrait.<br />
6 Continuous infinitive<br />
Past and present continuous infinitives are also used. Mary is thought to be<br />
living in Scotland.<br />
The driver is thought to have been doing a U-turn.<br />
1 Ending a sentence with a preposition<br />
It is possible to end a sentence with a preposition in a sentence where a<br />
prepositional verb is made passive.<br />
Someone broke into our house.<br />
Our house was broken into.<br />
2 By and with<br />
With is used after participles such as filled, packed, crowded, crammed.<br />
The train was packed with commuters.
Common contexts<br />
for the passive<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
The difference between by and with may involve the presence of a person:<br />
Dave was hit by a branch. (an accident)<br />
Dave was hit with a branch. (a person hit him with one)<br />
3 Make is followed by to when used in the passive.<br />
My boss made me work hard.<br />
I was made to work hard by my boss.<br />
4 Cover and verbs which involve similar ideas, such as surround, decorate can<br />
use with or by. Cover can also be followed by in.<br />
1 Formality<br />
The passive is probably more common in written English, where there tends to<br />
be less use of personal reference in some contexts, since the audience may be<br />
unknown.<br />
2 Points mentioned in Unit 6<br />
The passive is used to change the focus of the sentence, to avoid generalised<br />
subjects, and to make an action impersonal. It is common in descriptions of<br />
processes, and in scientific and technical language in general.
1<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Decide whether the sentences in each pair have the same meaning.<br />
a) Someone is painting our house at the moment.<br />
We are painting our house at the moment.<br />
b) The dentist is going to take out two of my teeth tomorrow.<br />
I'm having two teeth taken out tomorrow.<br />
c) Someone stole Mary's motorbike last week.<br />
Mary had stolen her motorbike last week.<br />
d) I've just been to the hairdresser's. What do you think?<br />
I've just cut my hair at the hairdresser's. What do you think?<br />
e) Someone has broken into my car.<br />
My car has been broken.<br />
f) Just a minute. I'll ask someone to wrap this for you.<br />
Just a minute. I'll have to wrap this up for you.<br />
g) The car hasn't been serviced for a long time.<br />
We haven't had the car serviced for a long time.<br />
h) They're coming to put in a new water-heater next week.<br />
We're putting in a new water-heater next week.<br />
i) Would you consider having plastic surgery to alter your nose?<br />
Would you consider having your nose altered by plastic surgery?<br />
j) A qualified electrician checked the wiring.<br />
We had checked the wiring with a qualified electrician.
2<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Decide in each sentence whether only one or both verbs underlined are suitable.<br />
a) Jean had/got her handbag snatched.<br />
b) Unfortunately my uncle was/got killed in the war.<br />
c) I work slowly, but I have/get my jobs done in the end.<br />
d) I must have/get these trousers altered.<br />
e) It took all day, but I eventually had/got the washing-machine repaired.<br />
f) Several people were/got left behind when the bus drove off.<br />
g) We have had/got all our money stolen, so we need help.<br />
h) Why don't you have/get the cooker seen to?<br />
i) Paul was/got injured after he had been playing for only five minutes.<br />
j) Helen had/got her house painted last year as usual.
3<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.<br />
a) People think that neither side wanted war.<br />
Neither side is<br />
b) Everyone knows that eating fruit is good for you.<br />
Eating fruit<br />
c) Everyone thought the painting had been destroyed.<br />
The painting<br />
d) People say that the company bid fifty million pounds for the shares.<br />
The company<br />
e) People say the late Mr Johnson was difficult to work with.<br />
The late<br />
f) People think the jewels were stolen by one of the guests.<br />
One of the guests<br />
g) It is believed that the Chinese invented gunpowder.<br />
The Chinese<br />
h) Apparently the ship did not sustain any damage.<br />
The ship<br />
i) It is thought that the two injured men were repairing high-tension cables.<br />
The two injured men<br />
j) There is a rumour that the escaped prisoner is living in Spain.<br />
The escaped prisoner
4<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals.<br />
a) We believe that the government has prepared a plan. HAVE<br />
b) We are thinking of getting someone to paint the outside of PAINTED<br />
the house.<br />
c) In the end I was unable to find a garage to service my car. GET<br />
d) People say that Mrs Turner was having business difficulties. BEEN<br />
e) The treasure is thought to date from the thirteenth century. IT<br />
f) The police towed away Alan's car. GOT<br />
g) Your hair needs cutting. GET<br />
h) The police believe that a professional thief stole the statue. BEEN<br />
i) Jill's parents are making her study hard. MADE<br />
j) Everyone thought that Helen had missed the train. TO
5<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it ends with the word underlined.<br />
a) Another company has taken over our company.<br />
b) We are dealing with your complaint.<br />
c) We have not accounted for all the missing passengers.<br />
d) Someone had tampered with the lock of the front door.<br />
e) We don't know how they disposed of the body.<br />
f) I must insist that you keep to the rules.<br />
g) We are looking into this allegation.<br />
h) We will frown upon any attempts to cheat in the exam.<br />
i) The youngest complained that people were picking on him.<br />
j) Ann was well provided for in her husband's will.
6<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Choose the most appropriate word underlined.<br />
a) The busy shopping street was thronged by/with people.<br />
b) The emergency exit was concealed by/from a red curtain.<br />
c) The price of excursions is included in/with the cost of the holiday.<br />
d) All through January, the fields were covered by/from snow.<br />
e) The room was crammed by/with furniture of all descriptions.<br />
f) Two of the climbers were injured by/with falling rocks.<br />
g) The island is inhabited by/from people of mainly Chinese origin.<br />
h) The bank was quickly surrounded from/with armed police.<br />
i) The window had been smashed from/with a hammer taken from the tool-shed.<br />
j) The stadium was packed from/with cheering fans.
7<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Put a suitable preposition in each space.<br />
a) The tree had been decorated coloured balls.<br />
b) The answers have been included the book.<br />
c) After the rugby match, Jim's shorts were covered mud.<br />
d) The victim was struck from behind a heavy object.<br />
e) The house was built money that David borrowed from the bank.<br />
f) The cat narrowly escaped being run over a car.<br />
g) When the accident happened, Sue was struck flying glass.<br />
h) The turkey was stuffed chestnuts, and was very tasty.<br />
i) No one knew that Peter had been involved the investigation.<br />
j) When I left the casino, my pockets were crammed money.
8<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite each sentence so that it begins It....…<br />
a) They have decided to cancel the match.<br />
It<br />
b) We thought it was necessary to send a telegram.<br />
It<br />
c) We have agreed to meet again in a fortnight.<br />
It<br />
d) There is a rumour that the couple are to seek a divorce.<br />
It<br />
e) There is confirmation of Mr Jackson's resignation.<br />
It<br />
f) We believe that the ship has sunk.<br />
It<br />
g) There was a proposal that a new offer should be made.<br />
It<br />
h) We didn't think it was a good idea.<br />
It<br />
i) We decided to try again later.<br />
It<br />
j) There has been a suggestion that I should take a holiday.<br />
It
9<br />
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Rewrite the text using the passive where possible and so that the words underlined do not appear.<br />
Nobody knows exactly when someone invented gunpowder. People know for a fact that the Chinese made<br />
rockets and fireworks long before people used gunpowder in Europe, which occurred at about the<br />
beginning of the thirteenth century. We generally believe that gunpowder brought to an end the 'Age of<br />
Chivalry', since anyone with a firearm could bring down a mounted knight. In fact, people did not develop<br />
efficient firearms until the sixteenth century. They used gunpowder mainly in siege cannon when people<br />
first introduced it. Later they used it in engineering work and in mining, but they found that it was<br />
extremely dangerous. Modern explosives have now replaced gunpowder, but we still use it for making<br />
fireworks, just as the Chinese did.<br />
It is not known exactly
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Выполнила: специалист по<br />
компьютерной верстке и<br />
дизайну Попова Татьяна<br />
студентка группы ЛД-31<br />
Консультанты: Соснина Е.П.<br />
Чамина Олеся
<strong>Advanced</strong> <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Центр разработки электронных и<br />
мультимедиа технологий<br />
Цикл “Прикладная лингвистика”<br />
Адрес: Северный венец, 32, корп.3,<br />
кабинет 311.<br />
Ульяновск, 2003г.