Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage ... - Census Bureau

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Table B-3. Poverty Status of Families, by Type of Family: 1959 to 2009 (Numbers in thousands Families as of March of the following year For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar10.pdf) Race, Hispanic origin, and year Total All families Married-couple families Below poverty Below poverty Male householder, no wife present Below poverty Female householder, no husband present Below poverty Number Percent Total Number Percent Total Number Percent Total Number Percent ALL RACES 2009 78,867 8,792 111 58,428 3,409 58 5,582 942 169 14,857 4,441 299 2008 78,874 8,147 103 59,137 3,261 55 5,255 723 138 14,482 4,163 287 2007 77,908 7,623 98 58,395 2,849 49 5,103 696 136 14,411 4,078 283 2006 78,454 7,668 98 58,964 2,910 49 5,067 671 132 14,424 4,087 283 2005 77,418 7,657 99 58,189 2,944 51 5,134 669 130 14,095 4,044 287 20041 76,866 7,835 102 57,983 3,216 55 4,901 657 134 13,981 3,962 283 2003 76,232 7,607 100 57,725 3,115 54 4,717 636 135 13,791 3,856 280 2002 75,616 7,229 96 57,327 3,052 53 4,663 564 121 13,626 3,613 265 2001 74,340 6,813 92 56,755 2,760 49 4,440 583 131 13,146 3,470 264 20002 73,778 6,400 87 56,598 2,637 47 4,277 485 113 12,903 3,278 254 19993 73,206 6,792 93 56,290 2,748 49 4,099 485 118 12,818 3,559 278 1998 71,551 7,186 100 54,778 2,879 53 3,977 476 120 12,796 3,831 299 1997 70,884 7,324 103 54,321 2,821 52 3,911 507 130 12,652 3,995 316 1996 70,241 7,708 110 53,604 3,010 56 3,847 531 138 12,790 4,167 326 1995 69,597 7,532 108 53,570 2,982 56 3,513 493 140 12,514 4,057 324 1994 69,313 8,053 116 53,865 3,272 61 3,228 549 170 12,220 4,232 346 1993 68,506 8,393 123 53,181 3,481 65 2,914 488 168 12,411 4,424 356 19924 68,216 8,144 119 53,090 3,385 64 3,065 484 158 12,061 4,275 354 19915 67,175 7,712 115 52,457 3,158 60 3,025 392 130 11,693 4,161 356 1990 66,322 7,098 107 52,147 2,981 57 2,907 349 120 11,268 3,768 334 1989 66,090 6,784 103 52,317 2,931 56 2,884 348 121 10,890 3,504 322 19886 65,837 6,874 104 52,100 2,897 56 2,847 336 118 10,890 3,642 334 19876 65,204 7,005 107 51,675 3,011 58 2,833 340 120 10,696 3,654 342 1986 64,491 7,023 109 51,537 3,123 61 2,510 287 114 10,445 3,613 346 1985 63,558 7,223 114 50,933 3,438 67 2,414 311 129 10,211 3,474 340 1984 62,706 7,277 116 50,350 3,488 69 2,228 292 131 10,129 3,498 345 1983 62,015 7,647 123 50,081 3,815 76 2,038 268 132 9,896 3,564 360 1982 61,393 7,512 122 49,908 3,789 76 2,016 290 144 9,469 3,434 363 1981 61,019 6,851 112 49,630 3,394 68 1,986 205 103 9,403 3,252 346 1980 60,309 6,217 103 49,294 3,032 62 1,933 213 110 9,082 2,972 327 1979 59,550 5,461 92 49,112 2,640 54 1,733 176 102 8,705 2,645 304 1978 57,804 5,280 91 47,692 2,474 52 1,654 152 92 8,458 2,654 314 1977 57,215 5,311 93 47,385 2,524 53 1,594 177 111 8,236 2,610 317 1976 56,710 5,311 94 47,497 2,606 55 1,500 162 108 7,713 2,543 330 1975 56,245 5,450 97 47,318 2,904 61 1,445 116 80 7,482 2,430 325 1974 55,698 4,922 88 47,069 2,474 53 1,399 125 89 7,230 2,324 321 1973 55,053 4,828 88 46,812 2,482 53 1,438 154 107 6,804 2,193 322 1972 54,373 5,075 93 46,314 (NA) (NA) 1,452 (NA) (NA) 6,607 2,158 327 1971 53,296 5,303 100 45,752 (NA) (NA) 1,353 (NA) (NA) 6,191 2,100 339 1970 52,227 5,260 101 44,739 (NA) (NA) 1,487 (NA) (NA) 6,001 1,952 325 1969 51,586 5,008 97 44,436 (NA) (NA) 1,559 (NA) (NA) 5,591 1,827 327 1968 50,511 5,047 100 43,842 (NA) (NA) 1,228 (NA) (NA) 5,441 1,755 323 1967 49,835 5,667 114 43,292 (NA) (NA) 1,210 (NA) (NA) 5,333 1,774 333 1966 48,921 5,784 118 42,553 (NA) (NA) 1,197 (NA) (NA) 5,171 1,721 331 1965 48,278 6,721 139 42,107 (NA) (NA) 1,179 (NA) (NA) 4,992 1,916 384 1964 47,836 7,160 150 41,648 (NA) (NA) 1,182 (NA) (NA) 5,006 1,822 364 1963 47,436 7,554 159 41,311 (NA) (NA) 1,243 (NA) (NA) 4,882 1,972 404 1962 46,998 8,077 172 40,923 (NA) (NA) 1,334 (NA) (NA) 4,741 2,034 429 1961 46,341 8,391 181 40,405 (NA) (NA) 1,293 (NA) (NA) 4,643 1,954 421 1960 45,435 8,243 181 39,624 (NA) (NA) 1,202 (NA) (NA) 4,609 1,955 424 1959 (NA) Not available 45,054 8,320 185 39,335 (NA) (NA) 1,226 (NA) (NA) 4,493 1,916 426 1 For 2004, figures are revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 ASEC 2 Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion 3 For 1999, figures are based on Census 2000 population controls 4 For 1992, figures are based on 1990 census population controls 5 For 1991, figures are revised to correct for nine omitted weights from the original March 1992 CPS file 6 For 1988 and 1987, figures are based on new processing procedures and are also revised to reflect corrections to the files after publication of the 1988 advance report Money Income and Poverty Status in the United States: 1988, P-60, No 166 Note: Before 1979, unrelated subfamilies were included in all families Beginning in 1979, unrelated subfamilies are excluded from all families Source: US Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements 68 Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 U.S. Census Bureau
APPENDIX C. ESTIMATES OF HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Quality of Health Insurance Reporting of coverage through 2.8 million Medicaid enrollees. A key Coverage Estimates major federal health insurance finding indicating survey response National surveys and health insur- programs The CPS ASEC data under- error in the CPS ASEC was that 16.9 ance coverage. Health insurance covreport Medicare and Medicaid cover- percent of people with an MSIS record erage is likely to be underreported on age compared with enrollment and indicating Medicaid coverage reported the Current Population Survey (CPS). participation data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in the CPS ASEC that they were uninsured. 2 While underreporting affects most, (CMS) The report found that 1 if not all, surveys, underreporting of health insurance coverage appears to be a larger problem in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) than in other national surveys that ask about insurance. Some reasons for the disparity may include the fact that income, not health insurance, is the main focus of the ASEC questionnaire. In addition, the ASEC collects health insurance information in February through April but asks about the previous year’s coverage. Asking annual retrospective questions appears to cause few problems . Because the CPS is largely a labor force survey, interviewers receive less training on health insurance concepts than labor concepts. Additionally, many people may not be aware that a health insurance program covers them or their children if they have not used covered services recently. CMS data, on the other hand, represent the actual number of people who have enrolled or participated in these programs. The State Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC) of the University of Minnesota has worked Medicaid subscribers with longer and more recent enrollment were more likely to report coverage. Respondents for children enrolled in Medicaid were more apt to report coverage for those children than for enrolled adults within the household. Families with lower incomes tended to report coverage more frequently. Individuals who received Medicaid services during the reporting cycle tended to report coverage more often than individuals who had not received services. Reporting differences were also apparent among states. when collecting income data (possibly with the U.S. Census Bureau, CMS, Phase 3 of the research project is because the interview period is close and the Office of the Assistant further broken down into three steps to when people pay their taxes), but Secretary for Planning and Evaluation that attempt to account for discrepit may be less than ideal when asking (ASPE) on a research project to evalu- ancies found in Phase 2 between the about health insurance coverage. ate why CPS ASEC estimates of the MSIS records and the CPS ASEC files. Compared with other national sur- number of people with Medicaid are These steps focus on determining veys, the CPS estimate of the number lower than counts of the number of the number of enrollees who were of people without health insurance people enrolled in the program from out-of-scope for the 2001 March CPS more closely approximates the num- CMS. Reports from all four phases of interview (people living in instituber of people who are uninsured at a the research project are available from tions and other group quarters are not specific point in time during the year the Census Bureau’s Web site at eligible for CPS ASEC interview; MSIS than the number of people uninsured . counts all people, regardless of their for the entire year. For a comparison of health insurance coverage rates from the major federal surveys, see How Many People Lack Insurance and for How Long? (Congressional Budget During Phase 2, files from the Medicaid Statistical Information System (MSIS) were linked with the CPS ASEC files and the individual living situation). Phase 3 narrowed the gap between CPS ASEC estimates and MSIS files by 1.0 million, to 1.8 million Medicaid enrollees. Office, May 2003). records were compared. The report Phase 4 consisted of repeating the from Phase 2 showed a gap between Phase 2 process using the National CPS ASEC estimates and MSIS files of 2 For consistency purposes across the MSIS and the CPS, SHADAC removed all MSIS enrollees who received only partial coverage, those who had died before the CPS reporting cycle, and 1 CMS is the federal agency primarily respon- all duplicate person records. Also, all Children’s sible for administering the Medicare and Medic- Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees were aid programs at the national level. removed from the MSIS count. U.S. Census Bureau Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 69
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Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
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Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
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Contents TEXT Income, Poverty, and
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APPENDIXES Appendix A. Estimates of
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statistically significant. 2 The po
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Program Participation (SIPP). Estim
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Table 1. Income and Earnings Summar
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Race and Hispanic Origin and non-Hi
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Table 3. Income Distribution Measur
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and 1.9 percent for women who • S
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POVERTY IN THE 24.7 percent to 25.8
Page 23 and 24: Table 5. Change in Poverty During I
Page 25 and 26: Table 6. People With Income Below S
Page 27 and 28: Table 7. Income Deficit or Surplus
Page 29 and 30: HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN THE UN
Page 31 and 32: 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
Page 33 and 34: Table 9. People Without Health Insu
Page 35 and 36: uninsured rate (11.3 percent) than
Page 37 and 38: APPENDIX A. ESTIMATES OF INCOME How
Page 39 and 40: Table A-1. Households by Total Mone
Page 47 and 48: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 49 and 50: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 51 and 52: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 53 and 54: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 55 and 56: 1 Data have been revised to reflect
Page 57 and 58: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 59 and 60: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX B. ESTIMATES OF POVERTY Ho
Page 63 and 64: Table B-1. Poverty Status of People
Page 73: Table B-2. Poverty Status of People
Page 77 and 78: Table C-1 Health Insurance Coverage
Page 79 and 80: Table C-2. Health Insurance Coverag
Page 85: Table C-3. Health Insurance Coverag
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