Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage ... - Census Bureau

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Figure 6. Demographic Makeup of the Population at Varying Degrees of Poverty: 2009 (Percent) Total population Population with incomes below 50 percent of thresholds Population with incomes below 100 percent of thresholds Population with incomes below 125 percent of thresholds 24.5 36.3 35.5 34.5 Note: Details may not sum to 100 percent because of rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. People 65 years and older is to their poverty threshold. The In 2009, 6.3 percent of all people, poverty threshold. On the other hand, income-to-poverty ratio is reported as or 19.0 million people, had income the elderly represented 12.7 percent a percentage that compares a family’s below one-half of their poverty of the overall population, 7.9 percent or an unrelated person’s income with threshold, up from 5.7 percent and of the people in poverty, and 5.2 the appropriate poverty threshold. 17.1 million in 2008. This group rep- percent of those with income below For example, a family with an income- resented 43.7 percent of the poverty 50 percent of their poverty threshold. to-poverty ratio of 110 percent has population in 2009. The percentage For people with income below 125 income that is 10 percent above their and number of people with income percent of their poverty threshold, poverty threshold. below 125 percent of their threshold 34.5 percent were children while 9.7 was 18.7 percent and 56.8 million, up percent were elderly (Figure 6). 46 The income deficit or surplus shows from 17.9 percent and 53.8 million how many dollars a family’s or an unrelated person’s income is below (or above) their poverty threshold. For those with an income deficit, the measure is an estimate of the dollar amount necessary to raise a family’s or a person’s income to their poverty threshold. Ratio of Income to Poverty Table 6 presents the number and in 2008. For children under the age of 18 in 2009, 9.3 percent and 6.9 million lived in families with income below 50 percent of their poverty threshold, up from 8.5 percent and 6.3 million in 2008. The percentage and number of children living in families with income below 125 percent of their poverty threshold in 2009 was 26.3 percent and 19.6 million, up from 25.0 percent and 18.6 million in Income Deficit The income deficit for families in poverty (the difference in dollars between a family’s income and its poverty threshold) averaged $9,042 in 2009, which was not statistically different from the 2008 estimate. The average income deficit was larger for families with a female householder ($9,218) than for married-couple families ($8,820) (Table 7). 47 percentage of people with speci- 2008 (Table 6). fied income-to-poverty ratios—those The demographic makeup of the below 50 percent of poverty (“Under population differs at varying degrees 46 The percentage of children below 100 0.50”), those below 100 percent of poverty (“Under 1.00,” also called “in of poverty. Children represented 24.5 percent of the overall population, percent of poverty was not statistically different from the percentage of children below 50 percent of poverty. poverty”), and those below 125 percent of poverty (“Under 1.25”). 35.5 percent of the people in poverty, and 36.3 percent of the people with 47 The income deficit for families in poverty was not statistically different from the income deficit for families with a female householder or income below 50 percent of their married-couple families. U.S. Census Bureau Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 19 62.7 58.4 56.7 55.8 12.7 5.2 7.9 9.7 Children under 18 years old People 18 to 64 years old
Table 7. Income Deficit or Surplus of Families and Unrelated Individuals by Poverty Status: 2009 (Numbers of families and unrelated individuals in thousands, deficits and surpluses and their confidence intervals [CI] in dollars For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar10.pdf) Characteristic Under $500 $500 to $999 $1,000 to $1,999 Size of deficit or surplus $2,000 to $2,999 $3,000 to $3,999 Average deficit or surplus (dollars) Deficit or surplus per capita (dollars) Total Below Poverty Threshold, Deficit All families 8,792 268 306 667 657 509 563 542 526 472 4,282 9,042 118 2,548 54 Married-couple families Families with a female householder, 3,409 108 158 309 271 239 190 201 177 164 1,590 8,820 202 2,211 76 no husband present Families with a male householder, 4,441 130 123 286 313 201 320 287 273 262 2,247 9,218 160 2,776 81 no wife present 942 30 25 72 74 68 53 53 77 45 445 9,018 352 2,972 192 Unrelated individuals 11,678 594 524 1,505 968 1,105 632 549 633 426 4,743 6,158 64 6,158 165 Male 5,255 266 198 661 359 454 262 226 348 175 2,304 6,443 95 6,443 262 Female 6,424 328 325 844 609 651 370 322 285 251 2,439 5,926 86 5,926 219 Above Poverty Threshold, Surplus All families 70,075 264 303 581 652 749 696 768 737 794 64,531 69,125 544 22,201 303 Married-couple families Families with a female householder, 55,020 94 137 284 363 393 361 414 430 454 52,089 77,406 651 24,419 336 no husband present Families with a male householder, 10,416 137 134 238 223 282 257 259 232 270 8,383 34,898 735 11,891 317 no wife present 4,640 33 32 60 65 74 78 95 75 70 4,059 47,769 1,688 16,779 717 Unrelated individuals 41,401 527 956 1,256 1,148 1,324 1,175 1,086 1,198 980 31,751 31,398 411 31,398 572 Male 21,014 187 478 507 415 675 523 442 514 369 16,906 35,333 630 35,333 895 Female 20,387 340 478 749 733 649 652 644 684 611 14,846 27,343 523 27,343 724 1 A 90 percent confidence interval is a measure of an estimate’s variability The larger the confidence interval in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate For more information see “Standard Errors and Their Use” at Note: Details may not sum to totals because of rounding Source: US Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement The average income deficit per capita Alternative/Experimental variations in medical costs across for families with a female house- Poverty Measures population groups, or geographic difholder ($2,776) was higher than for married-couple families ($2,211). The income deficit per capita is computed by dividing the average deficit by the average number of people in that type of family. Since families with a female householder were smaller, on average, than married-couple families, the larger per capita deficit for female- householder families reflects their smaller average family size as well as their lower average family income. The poverty estimates in this report are based on money income before taxes, do not include the value of noncash benefits, and use the official poverty thresholds. The money income measure does not completely capture the economic well-being of individuals and families; and there are many questions about the adequacy of the official poverty thresholds. Families and individuals also derive economic well-being from noncash ferences in the cost of living. Poverty estimates using the new Supplemental Poverty Measure, which the Census Bureau expects to publish for the first time in September 2011, will address these concerns. For more details, see the text box “Supplemental Poverty Measure” on page 2. National Academy of Sciences (NAS)- Based Measures and Estimates of the Effect of Benefits and Taxes For unrelated individuals in pov- benefits, such as food and hous- The Census Bureau currently com- erty, the average income deficit was ing subsidies, and their disposable putes several alternative measures of $6,158 in 2009. The $5,926 deficit income is determined by both taxes income and poverty which fall into for women was lower than the $6,443 paid and tax credits received. The two categories: 1) poverty measures deficit for men. official poverty thresholds developed 48 based on the 1995 recommendamore than 40 years ago do not take tions of the National Academy of 48 The average income deficit for unrelated individuals was not significantly different from the income deficit for unrelated men or unrelated into account rising standards of living or such things as child care expenses, Sciences Panel on Poverty and Family Assistance called NAS-based measures women. other work-related expenses, 20 Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 U.S. Census Bureau $4,000 to $4,999 $5,000 to $5,999 $6,000 to $6,999 $7,000 to $7,999 $8,000 or more Estimate 90 percent CI 1 (±) Estimate 90 percent CI 1 (±)
Page 1 and 2: Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
Page 3 and 4: Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
Page 5 and 6: Contents TEXT Income, Poverty, and
Page 7 and 8: APPENDIXES Appendix A. Estimates of
Page 9 and 10: statistically significant. 2 The po
Page 11 and 12: Program Participation (SIPP). Estim
Page 13 and 14: Table 1. Income and Earnings Summar
Page 15 and 16: Race and Hispanic Origin and non-Hi
Page 17 and 18: Table 3. Income Distribution Measur
Page 19 and 20: and 1.9 percent for women who • S
Page 21 and 22: POVERTY IN THE 24.7 percent to 25.8
Page 23 and 24: Table 5. Change in Poverty During I
Page 25: Table 6. People With Income Below S
Page 29 and 30: HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN THE UN
Page 31 and 32: 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
Page 33 and 34: Table 9. People Without Health Insu
Page 35 and 36: uninsured rate (11.3 percent) than
Page 37 and 38: APPENDIX A. ESTIMATES OF INCOME How
Page 39 and 40: Table A-1. Households by Total Mone
Page 47 and 48: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 49 and 50: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 51 and 52: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 53 and 54: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 55 and 56: 1 Data have been revised to reflect
Page 57 and 58: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 59 and 60: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX B. ESTIMATES OF POVERTY Ho
Page 63 and 64: Table B-1. Poverty Status of People
Page 75 and 76: APPENDIX C. ESTIMATES OF HEALTH INS
Page 77 and 78:
Table C-1 Health Insurance Coverage
Page 79 and 80:
Table C-2. Health Insurance Coverag
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85:
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