Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage ... - Census Bureau

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Figure 2. Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio and Median Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 15 Years and Older by Sex: 1960 to 2009 Earnings in thousands (2009 dollars), ratio in percent Recession 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1959 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 Note: Data on earnings of full-time, year-round workers are not readily available before 1960. For information on recessions, see Appendix A. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. money income inequality measures. Work Experience and Earnings decreased by about 939,000 (to 43.2 The equivalence-adjusted Gini index increased 23.8 percent compared with 17.9 percent for the money income Gini index; the equivalenceadjusted MLD increased 88.9 percent compared with 44.7 percent for the money income MLD; the equivalenceadjusted Theil index increased 58.9 percent compared with 40.4 percent for the money income Theil index; and the equivalence-adjusted Atkinson measure increased at e=0.25 by 55.7 percent, at e=0.50 by 53.2 percent, and e=0.75 by 54.6 percent compared with 36.6 percent, 32.9 percent, and 30.9 percent, respectively for the money income Atkinson measure at each epsilon. The number of working men and women aged 15 and older with earnings decreased between 2008 and 2009—men decreased by 2.1 million to 81.9 million and women decreased by 1.6 million to 73.0 million (Figure 3 and Table A-4). The number of full-time, year-round workers also 26 decreased. The number of men who worked full-time, year-round decreased by 3.8 million (to 56.1 million), and the number of women who worked full-time, year round 26 A full-time, year-round worker is a person who worked 35 or more hours per week (fulltime) and 50 or more weeks during the previous million) between 2008 and 2009. An estimated 68.4 percent of working men with earnings and 59.2 percent of working women with earnings worked full-time, year-round in 2009, a decline of 2.8 percentage points for men (from 71.2 percent in 2008); for women, the change was not statistically significant. The 2009 median earnings of all working men aged 15 and older, regardless of work experience, was $36,331, not statistically different from the 2008 median in real terms; while that of their female counterparts increased by 1.9 percent to $26,030 (Table A-4). Meanwhile, both men and 25 calendar year (year-round). For school personnel, summer vacation is counted as weeks worked if women who worked full-time, year- 25 The differences between the percentage they are scheduled to return to their job in the round experienced increases in real changes in the equivalence-adjusted Atkinson measure based on each epsilon were not statistically significant. The difference between the perfall. For detailed information on work experience, see Table PINC-05, “Work Experience in 2010—People 15 Years Old and Over by Total median earnings between 2008 and 2009. Median earnings increased 2.0 centage changes in the money income Atkinson measure based on e=0.50 and e=0.75 was not statistically significant. Money Earnings in 2010, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex” at . percent for full-time, year-round working men (from $46,191 to $47,127) U.S. Census Bureau Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 11 1990 Female-to-male earnings ratio Earnings of men Earnings of women 1995 2000 2005 2009 77 percent $47,127 $36,278
and 1.9 percent for women who • Smaller than the declines in earn- 1.4 million, respectively. For female worked full-time, year-round (from ings for the income years surround- workers with earnings, declines were $35,609 to $36,278). 27 In 2009, the ing the recession lasting from July evident in these age groups as well, female-to-male earnings ratio of full- 1990 to March 1991 (6.0 percent 766,000 and 1.3 million, respectively; time, year-round workers was 0.77, decline); the January 1980 to July while the number of female worknot statistically different from the 1980 and July 1981 to November ers 45 to 64 years old increased by 2008 ratio (Table 1 and Figure 2). 1982 combined recessions (10.1 579,000 (Table A-5). 30 Since 2007, the year before the most recent recession, the number of workpercent decline); and the November 1973 to March 1975 recession (6.4 percent decline). Declines were evident in the number of male workers with earnings 29 ing men with earnings decreased between 2007 and 2009 within the by 2.5 million (from 84.5 million to Between 2007 and 2009, the real educational attainment categories of 81.9 million). The number of work- median earnings of full-time, year- some college, no degree (678,000 ing women with earnings decreased round male workers increased by 1.0 decline), ninth to twelfth grade, nonby 1.3 million (from 74.3 million percent (from $46,669 to $47,127); graduate (348,000 decline), and those to 73.0 million) (Figure 3 and Table the change was not statistically with less than a ninth grade educa- A-4). Between 2007 and 2009, the significant for full-time, year-round tion (234,000 decline). Declines were real median earnings of male work- female workers, with a median of evident for female workers with earners declined by 4.1 percent (from $36,278 in 2009. However, between ings within the categories high school $37,898 to $36,331) and for female 2007 and 2009, the number of males graduate (639,000 decline) and some workers by 2.8 percent (from $26,770 working full-time, year-round with college, no degree (646,000 decline); to $26,030). Though the trough of earnings decreased by 6.9 million; the while female workers with an associthe recession that began in December number of females working full-time, ate’s degree or bachelor’s degree or 2007 has not yet been defined, no year-round with earnings decreased more increased (gains of 365,000 and other set of income years surround- by 2.4 million. Since the CPS ASEC is 514,000, respectively). 31 ing the recessions dating from 1969 to the present has experienced such a large decline in the number of workers, or in the percentage-point declines in the percentage of male and female full-time, year-round workers (Figure 3 and Tables 2 and A-4). In addition, 2007 to 2009 is the only period (dating from 1969 to present) showing a decline in women’s real median earnings. For men, the 2007 to 2009 decline in real median earnings is: • Larger than the declines in earnings for the income years surrounding the March 2001 to November 2001 recession (2.6 percent decline) and the December 1969 to November 1970 recession (2.2 percent decline). not a longitudinal survey, we cannot determine how the loss of these 9.3 million workers (who worked full-time, year-round in 2007 and did not work in 2009, or who worked full-time, year-round in 2007 and in 2009 worked less than full-time, year-round) affected median earnings (Tables 2 and A-4). Examining the change between 2007 and 2009 in the number of workers with earnings by characteristics such as age, educational attainment, occupation, and class of worker shows that, in many cases, the number of male workers with earnings declined. Although the same can be said for their female counterparts, there were The occupation groups with statistically significant declines in the number of male workers with earnings between 2007 and 2009 were con- struction and extraction occupations (1.0 million decline), transportation and material-moving occupations (709,000 decline), production occupations (634,000 decline), and sales and related occupations (586,000 decline). Statistically significant declines in the number of female workers with earnings by occupation group occurred in management, business, and financial operations occupations (413,000 decline); office and administrative sup- port occupations (1.3 million decline); and production occupations (712,000 28 some cases in which the number of female workers increased. 30 The following differences among the declines in number of workers were not statisti- 27 The differences among the percentage increases in the earnings of full-time, year-round working men compared with the increases for Between 2007 and 2009, the number of male workers with earnings cally significant: the decline in the number of men 15 to 24 compared with the declines for men 25 to 44 and women 25 to 44, the decline total working women and women working fulltime, year-round were not statistically different. The difference between the 2009 median earnings in the age groups 15 to 24 and 25 to 44 declined by 1.3 million and in the number of men 25 to 44 compared with the declines for women 15 to 24 and 25 to 44, the decline in the number of women 15 to 24 of all working men and of full-time, year-round compared with that for women 25 to 44. working women was not statistically significant. 31 All of the differences among the declines 28 The difference between the declines in 29 The difference between the declines in discussed in this paragraph were not statistically earnings for the income years surrounding the earnings for income years surrounding the July significant. In addition, the differences between March 2001 and November 2001 recession and 1990 to March 1991 recession and the the increases in the number of women with an the December 1969 to November 1970 recession November 1973 to March 1975 recession was associate’s degree and those with a bachelor’s was not statistically significant. not statistically significant. degree were not statistically significant. 12 Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 U.S. Census Bureau
Page 1 and 2: Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
Page 3 and 4: Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
Page 5 and 6: Contents TEXT Income, Poverty, and
Page 7 and 8: APPENDIXES Appendix A. Estimates of
Page 9 and 10: statistically significant. 2 The po
Page 11 and 12: Program Participation (SIPP). Estim
Page 13 and 14: Table 1. Income and Earnings Summar
Page 15 and 16: Race and Hispanic Origin and non-Hi
Page 17: Table 3. Income Distribution Measur
Page 21 and 22: POVERTY IN THE 24.7 percent to 25.8
Page 23 and 24: Table 5. Change in Poverty During I
Page 25 and 26: Table 6. People With Income Below S
Page 27 and 28: Table 7. Income Deficit or Surplus
Page 29 and 30: HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN THE UN
Page 31 and 32: 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
Page 33 and 34: Table 9. People Without Health Insu
Page 35 and 36: uninsured rate (11.3 percent) than
Page 37 and 38: APPENDIX A. ESTIMATES OF INCOME How
Page 39 and 40: Table A-1. Households by Total Mone
Page 47 and 48: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 49 and 50: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 51 and 52: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 53 and 54: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 55 and 56: 1 Data have been revised to reflect
Page 57 and 58: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 59 and 60: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX B. ESTIMATES OF POVERTY Ho
Page 63 and 64: Table B-1. Poverty Status of People
Page 69 and 70:
Table B-2. Poverty Status of People
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
APPENDIX C. ESTIMATES OF HEALTH INS
Page 77 and 78:
Table C-1 Health Insurance Coverage
Page 79 and 80:
Table C-2. Health Insurance Coverag
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85:
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