Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage ... - Census Bureau

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Table 2. Change in Real Median Income and Earnings, Number of Workers, and Percentage of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers During Income Years Surrounding Recessions by Sex: 1969 to 2009 (Income and earnings in 2009 dollars Information for people 15 years and older beginning with 1980 and people 14 years and older for previous years Before 1989, earnings are for civilian workers only For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/apsd/techdoc/cps/cpsmar10.pdf) Recessions 1 Income years Per- centage change in real median household income Change in number of workers with earnings (in thousands) Change in number of full-time, yearround workers with earnings (in thousands) Percentagepoint change in the percentage of full-time, year-round workers with earnings Percentage change in median earnings of all workers Percentage change in median earnings of full-time, yearround workers Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female December 2007, trough not yet defined 2007 to 2009 *–42 *–2,548 *–1,323 *–6,931 *–2,396 *–61 *–22 *–41 *–28 *10 –01 March 2001 to November 2001 1999 to 2002 * –35 * 1,178 358 462 * 1,005 –05 * 11 * –26 * 76 04 * 63 July 1990 to March 1991 1989 to 1991 January 1980 to July 1980 and July *–42 –5 458 *–1,790 *1,096 *–25 *14 *–60 10 –10 07 1981 to November 1982 1978 to 1983 *–60 *2,235 *4,710 492 *4,252 *–15 *42 *–101 *64 *–56 10 November 1973 to March 1975 1973 to 1975 *–57 –170 *1,343 *–2,314 257 *–37 –07 *–64 16 *–42 –05 December 1969 to November 1970 1969 to 1971 * Statistically significant at the 90 percent confidence level *–17 *1,613 *748 –189 *628 *–22 08 *–22 *63 *15 *26 1 Recessions are determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a private research organization Note: Income years are based on peak income year prior to or during the start of the recession and the trough income year near or after the end of the recession Source: US Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1970 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements • Both men and women, 15 years old 2008 and 2009. 7 The changes for defined, the 4.2 percent income and over, who worked full-time, non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and decline is: 10 year-round experienced increases in real median earnings between 2008 and 2009. The median earnings of men increased 2.0 percent, from $46,191 to $47,127; and the earnings of women increased Asians were not statistically signifi- 8 cant (Table 1). Household Income Real median household income was $49,777 in 2009, not statistically • Not statistically different from the declines in income for the years surrounding the two recessions lasting from March 2001 to November 2001 and from July 1990 to March 1991. by 1.9 percent, from $35,609 to different from the 2008 median. • Larger than the 1.7 percent decline $36,278. 6 In 2009, the female-to- Since 2007, the year before the most for the income years surrounding male earnings ratio was 0.77, not recent recession, median household the December 1969 to November statistically different from the 2008 income has declined 4.2 percent 1970 recession. 11 • ratio (Table 1 and Figure 2). The median earnings of all working males 15 years old and over was (from $51,965) and is 5.0 percent below the median household income peak ($52,388) that occurred in 1999 (Tables 1, 2, and A-1). • Smaller than the declines for the income years surrounding the January 1980 to July 1980 and July 9 $36,331 in 2009, not statistically different from their 2008 median, while the earnings of their female Though the trough of the recession that began in December 2007 has not yet been 1981 to November 1982 combined recessions (6.0 percent) and the November 1973 to March 1975 counterparts increased by 1.9 recession (5.7 percent) (Figure 1 percent, from $25,553 to $26,030 and Tables 1, 2, and A-1). 12 (Table A-4). 7 The difference between the declines for the overall and White populations was not statisti- • Real per capita income declined by cally significant. 8 Unlike medians, per capita and means are 10 Recessions are determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research, a private research 1.2 percent for the total population, 1.3 percent for Whites, and affected by extremely high and low incomes. 9 The difference between the percentage declines of 2007 to 2009 and 1999 to 2009 in organization. See Appendix A for a list of peak and trough months. 11 Discussion is limited to recessions occurring 3.5 percent for Hispanics between median household income was not statistically significant. In addition, the difference between after 1967, the first year that household income estimates were derived from the CPS ASEC. the 1999 and 2007 medians is not statistically 12 The difference between the declines in 6 The difference between the percentage increases in the earnings of men and women was not statistically significant. significant. The median household income peak of $52,388 in 1999 and the $52,301 median household income in 2000 are not statistically different. income for the combined January 1980 to July 1980 and July 1981 to November 1982 recessions and the November 1973 to March 1975 recession was not statistically significant. U.S. Census Bureau Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 7
Race and Hispanic Origin and non-Hispanic-White populations households maintained by natural- Real median income declined for Black households and non-Hispanic White households between 2008 and 2009 (Table 1 and Figure 1); the changes for the Asian and Hispanic-origin housewere collected in the CPS ASEC) and 2009, the Black-to-non-Hispanic- White income ratio increased from 0.58 to 0.60. Over the same period, the Hispanic-to-non-Hispanic-White income ratio declined from 0.74 to ized citizens had the highest income, $51,975; followed by native-born households, $50,503; and noncitizen households, $36,089 (Table 1). Region15 holds were not statistically significant. The decline for Black households was 4.4 percent, larger than the 1.6 percent decline for non-Hispanic White households. 0.70. Income data for the Asian population was first available in 1987. The Asian-to-non-Hispanic White income ratios for 1987 and 2009 were not Real median household income in the Midwest and West experienced declines of 2.1 percent and 1.9 percent between 2008 and 2009 (Table 1). 16 In comparison to the respective income peaks before the 2001 recession, 2009 household income was 5.0 percent lower for all races combined (from $52,388 in 1999), 4.2 percent lower for non-Hispanic Whites (from $56,843 in 1999), 11.8 percent lower statistically different, 1.14 and 1.20, respectively. Age of Householder Change in real median household income by age of the householder between 2008 and 2009 was not uniform across the age groups. The The changes in the median incomes in the Northeast and South were not statistically significant. In 2009, households in the West ($53,833) and Northeast ($53,073) had the highest median household incomes, followed by the Midwest ($48,877) and the South ($45,615). 17 for Blacks (from $36,952 in 2000), 5.7 percent lower for Asians (from $69,448 in 2000), and 7.9 percent lower for Hispanics (from $41,312 in 2000 . median income of households with householders under 65 declined (1.3 percent), while the income of house- Residence Between 2008 and 2009, both house- 13 ) holds with householders 65 and older increased (5.8 percent). More holds inside and outside of principal cities within metropolitan areas Among the race groups, Asian house- precisely, declines in median income experienced changes in real median holds had the highest median income were experienced by households income, but in opposite directions in 2009 ($65,469). The median with householders aged 15 to 24 (4.4 (Table 1). Households inside princiincome for non-Hispanic-White percent decline), 25 to 34 (2.0 percent pal cities experienced a 1.9 percent households was $54,461; for Black decline), and 35 to 44 (2.6 percent increase in income, whereas househouseholds it was $32,584; and for Hispanic households it was $38,039. Comparing the income of non- Hispanic-White households to that decline). Changes in the incomes of households with householders aged 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 were not statistically significant. holds outside principal cities experienced a 1.9 percent decline. In 2009, households within metropolitan areas 14 of other households shows that the 2009 ratio of Asian to non-Hispanic- White income was 1.20, the ratio of Black to non-Hispanic-White income was 0.60, and the ratio of Hispanic to non-Hispanic-White income was 0.70. Between 1972 (the first year that income data for the Hispanic Nativity Native-born households and households maintained by a noncitizen had declines in real median income between 2008 and 2009. The changes in the median income of foreignborn households and households but outside principal cities had the highest median income ($56,582), and households outside metropolitan areas had the lowest ($40,135). 15 The Northeast region includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The Midwest region includes 13 Except for the differences between the decline for Blacks compared with the declines maintained by a naturalized citizen were not statistically significant. The Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The South for non-Hispanic Whites and Asians and the difference between the declines for non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics, the differences between decline for native-born households was 0.7 percent, and for households region includes Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, the remaining declines were not statistically significant. For all races, the median household income peak of $52,388 in 1999 was not statistimaintained by a noncitizen, the decline was 4.5 percent. In 2009, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia, a state equivalent. The West region includes the states cally different from the 2000 median of $52,301. of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, For non-Hispanic Whites, the $56,843 income Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, peak in 1999 was not statistically different from Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. the 2000 median of $56,826. For Blacks, the 14 Except for the difference between the 16 The difference in the declines in median $36,952 income peak in 2000 was not statisti- declines in the income of households with house- household income between the Midwest and cally different from the 1999 median of $35,928. holders under 65 compared with the decline for West was not statistically significant. For Hispanics, the $41,312 income peak in 2000 those aged 15 to 24, the differences among the 17 The difference between the median housewas not statistically different from the 2001 declines discussed in this paragraph were not hold incomes for the West and Northeast was not median of $40,665. statistically significant. statistically significant. 8 Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009 U.S. Census Bureau
Page 1 and 2: Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
Page 3 and 4: Income, Poverty, and Health Insuran
Page 5 and 6: Contents TEXT Income, Poverty, and
Page 7 and 8: APPENDIXES Appendix A. Estimates of
Page 9 and 10: statistically significant. 2 The po
Page 11 and 12: Program Participation (SIPP). Estim
Page 13: Table 1. Income and Earnings Summar
Page 17 and 18: Table 3. Income Distribution Measur
Page 19 and 20: and 1.9 percent for women who • S
Page 21 and 22: POVERTY IN THE 24.7 percent to 25.8
Page 23 and 24: Table 5. Change in Poverty During I
Page 25 and 26: Table 6. People With Income Below S
Page 27 and 28: Table 7. Income Deficit or Surplus
Page 29 and 30: HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN THE UN
Page 31 and 32: 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 F
Page 33 and 34: Table 9. People Without Health Insu
Page 35 and 36: uninsured rate (11.3 percent) than
Page 37 and 38: APPENDIX A. ESTIMATES OF INCOME How
Page 39 and 40: Table A-1. Households by Total Mone
Page 47 and 48: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 49 and 50: Table A-2. Selected Measures of Hou
Page 51 and 52: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 53 and 54: Table A-3. Selected Measures of Equ
Page 55 and 56: 1 Data have been revised to reflect
Page 57 and 58: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 59 and 60: Table A-5. Number of Workers With E
Page 61 and 62: APPENDIX B. ESTIMATES OF POVERTY Ho
Page 63 and 64: Table B-1. Poverty Status of People
Page 65 and 66:
Table B-1. Poverty Status of People
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Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
APPENDIX C. ESTIMATES OF HEALTH INS
Page 77 and 78:
Table C-1 Health Insurance Coverage
Page 79 and 80:
Table C-2. Health Insurance Coverag
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