2012/2013 Academic Year Calendar - International Institute ...

CAPTURING HOW WE COMMUNICATE
2012/2013 Academic Year Calendar
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE

CAPTURING HOW
WE COMMUNICATE
Since our earliest history, people have found ways to communicate—through drawings left on the walls of caves,
on clay tablets with cuneiform script, and through Egyptian hieroglyphs written on papyrus, the ancient
forerunner to paper.
The ease with which we transmit language today through modern-day writing systems and technology often
causes us to overlook the fact that communication, historically, has been challenging. Although speech and
body language have long been part of our verbal and nonverbal repertoire, other elements, such as writing, have
evolved much more slowly over time and so have our modes of transmission.
Today, the way we send and receive messages seems almost endless—we call a friend on our cell phone, post a
message on Facebook, send a text, read a magazine, go to the movies, or watch our favorite music video on YouTube.
This calendar attempts to capture the many aspects of how people communicate all over the world through verbal,
nonverbal, written, electronic, and artistic means.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
Established within the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts in 1993, the University of
Michigan International Institute and its 17 centers and programs stimulate research and teaching on
critical areas of the world and on international issues that cut across world regions and disciplines.
The institute fosters cooperation among the university’s departments, schools, and colleges.
PHOTOS L TO R: CC BY 2.0, ARMENIA, DETAIL OF A MANUSCRIPT, RETLAW SNELLAC; ANDREW SACKS; CC BY 2.0, BOOKS, SHUTTERHACKS; ANDREW SACKS; CC BY 2.0,
FLIPBOARD, JOHAN LARSSON
On the Cover, COVER IMAGE: REUTERS/ALI JAREKJI
UN Security Council Issues Statement
Communicating through opposition
On March 21, 2012, the UN Security Council issued
a presidential statement backing a plan outlined by
former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. It called on
the Syrian government to stop killing civilians, engage
in talks with the opposition, withdraw forces from the
streets, and begin a transition to a democratic political
system. Russia and China, which had previously vetoed
resolutions condemning Syrian President Assad, endorsed
the document. Assad accepted the statement and
agreed to a cease-fire. He later said he would withdraw
troops from cities by April 10. This image shows a young
refugee running with a Syrian opposition flag during a
demonstration against President Bashar al-Assad outside
the Syrian embassy in Amman
on April 13, 2012.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Syrian Presidential Election. Former Syrian President
Hafiz Al-Assad died on June 10, 2000, after 30 years
in power. Immediately following his death, the
Parliament amended the constitution, reducing the
mandatory minimum age of the president from 40
to 34 years old. This allowed his son, Bashar Al-Assad
legally to be eligible for nomination by the ruling
Ba'ath party. He was elected president one month
later. Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Semitic Empire. Archaeologists have demonstrated
that Syria was the center of one of the most ancient
civilizations on earth. Discovered in 1975, the city of
Ebla in northern Syria had a population estimated at
260,000. A great Semitic empire spread from the Red
Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia from
2500 to 2400 BCE. Eras 1–3, beginnings to 650 CE/AD

RESOURCES
FOR EDUCATORS
www.ii.umich.edu/resources/foreducators
We offer free resources on world regions—many
designed especially for Michigan’s K–14 community:
• Experiential teaching kits
• Educational newspaper supplements
• Lesson plans
• Curriculum development tools
• Information on cultural performers for school visits
• Free on-campus public programs
• Monthly e-newsletter
The centers of the International Institute offer K–14
educational programs created to help teachers
enhance their curriculums. The centers can bring the
world to your classroom through teacher workshops,
state and national conferences, curriculum
development, lesson planning, in-school presentations,
campus-community partnerships, and one-on-one
consultations.
ELIZABETH REED YARINA
WORLD HISTORY INITIATIVE
The World History Initiative (WHI) is an innovative teacher-training project
and partnership among the University of Michigan's National Resource
Centers and several other U-M units, including the African Studies Center,
School of Education, and Eisenberg Institute for Historical Studies. WHI
provides professional development for educators in Michigan teaching a
required, state-mandated sequence in World History and Geography.
Combining pedagogical approaches and content presentations,
WHI brings together university faculty experts from all major world
regions. Faculty members give project-specific presentations tailored
to match both the themes chosen for each historical era being
covered and the content expectations of the new state standards.
Teachers are asked to participate in five-month and one-year surveys
communicating how they have integrated the workshops into their classrooms, shared the experience
with their colleagues, and created materials utilizing WHI materials and/or presentations.
Teacher participants have praised the workshops for both their intellectual content and approach to teaching
world history.
For more information regarding upcoming WHI professional development opportunities, please contact
worldhistory@umich.edu or visit www.ii.umich.edu/resources/fork14educators/worldhistoryinitiative.
LUNAR CALENDAR KEY
New Moon
Full Moon
* Holidays marked with an asterisk are
calculated according to the lunar calendar.
Jewish and Islamic holidays begin at sunset
the evening before the date listed.
CC BY 2.0, TAJ MAHAL, CHRISTOPHER JOHN SSF
WHAT ARE ERAS?
The eras included in the “Did You Know?” facts are part of the
Michigan Department of Education’s Social Studies Framework.
The eras represent historical periods of time that are designed to
help students investigate global patterns and developments and
make comparisons to other regions, societies, and cultures across
time and space. For an overview of these time periods, see the
World History and Geography chart.

CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, ABC, NADINE

AUGUST 2012
Translation for days: Armenian
SUNDAY
kiraki
5
12
19
26
MONDAY
erkushabt‘i
6
13
20
27
TUESDAY
erek‘shabt‘i
7
14
Independence Day
PAKISTAN
21
28
Eid al-Fitr* – Festival of
Fast-Breaking
Celebrates the end
of Ramadan
WEDNESDAY
chorek‘shabt‘i
1
8
15
Independence Day
INDIA
22
29
THURSDAY
hingshabt‘i
2
9
16
23
30
FRIDAY
urbat‘
3
10
17
24
31
SATURDAY
shabat‘
4
11
18
25
ABC
Communicating through the written word
Letters of the Armenian alphabet dominate the exhibit
of Armenian books at the 24th International Fair for
books and press in Geneva in May 2010. The Armenian
alphabet was created in 405 CE and was immediately
used to translate philosophical, scientific, historical, and
religious writings from Greek and Syriac into Armenian.
The year 2012 marks the 500th anniversary of the
printing of the first Armenian book Urbatagirk or Friday
Book in Venice. During Geneva’s 26th International Fair
for books and press, the Armenian capital of Yerevan
was represented as the World Book Capital 2012, a
selection made by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Yerevan
is the 12th capital to have this distinction.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Leather Shoe. The world’s oldest leather shoe was
found in Armenia during an archaeological dig in
a cave in 2010. The relatively small shoe is approximately
a U.S. women’s size 7. It was made from a single
piece of cowhide, customized to the wearer's foot.
Archaeologists estimate it is 5,500 years old.
Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Garni Temple. The royal bathhouse of Garni Temple
in Armenia was built in the third century CE. The main
room, with a mosaic floor portraying mythological
figures, served as a dressing room. The floors of the
other three rooms were faced with baked bricks
covered with a layer of polished stucco and were
heated from below with hot air and smoke.
Eras 1–3, beginnings to 650 CE/AD

MOLLIE HANSEN, 2010 ALUMNA, DETROIT COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL

SEPTEMBER 2012
Translation for days: Japanese
Moon
Festival*
CHINA
2
9
16
23
Chuseok/Hangawi* –
Harvest Festival
SOUTH KOREA/
NORTH KOREA
30
SUNDAY
MONDAY
Labor Day
UNITED STATES
3
10
17
Rosh Hashanah* –
Jewish New Year begins
Keirō no hi – Respect
for the Aged Day
JAPAN
24
TUESDAY
4
11
18
Rosh Hashanah – Jewish
New Year ends
25
WEDNESDAY
Ganesh Chaturthi
INDIA
5
12
19
26
Yom Kippur* – Jewish
Day of Atonement
THURSDAY
Liberation Day
TIMOR-LESTE
6
13
20
27
FRIDAY
7
14
21
Independence Day
ARMENIA
28
SATURDAY
1
8
15
22
29
Worlds Between Us
Communicating through calligraphy
Students from Kousen High School in Kusatsu, Japan,
practice the traditional art of shodō , Japanese
calligraphy. Learning to write kanji , Chinese
characters, is a gradual process. In elementary and
junior high school, students learn to write characters
correctly, beginning first with a soft pencil and
then graduating to brush and ink. During this time,
students also learn about the origin of characters and
the correct stroke order. In high school, shodō is, in
most cases, an elective subject in the arts, aimed at
cultivating students’ artistic sensibilities and powers of
self-expression.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• A Blogging Culture. According to an article in the
Washington Post, Japan has the largest and most
active blogging culture in the world. Research
conducted between 2007 and 2009 indicates that
40% of Japanese blogging is done on cell phones,
and 37% of the world's blog posts are in Japanese.
Compared to their Americans counterparts, Japanese
tend to write shorter posts, anonymously, and more
often. Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Plaza TV. Television viewing gained popularity in
Japan in the 1950s when Nippon Television placed
TV sets in public places in order to increase the
number of viewers. Until the early 1960s, American
programming formed the bulk of broadcasting. In
1965, Japanese networks began to develop their own
programming. Today, the “plaza TV” phenomenon
continues to be a prominent feature of downtown
areas. Era 8, 20th century since 1945

CEDARBOUGH T. SAEJI (Pungmul Pan-gut performed by the Folk Music Ensemble of the National Gugak Center)

OCTOBER 2012
Translation for days: Korean
SUNDAY
il-yo-il
7
14
21
28
MONDAY
wol-yo-il
Columbus Day
UNITED STATES
1
8
15
22
29
TUESDAY
hwa-yo-il
2
9
16
23
30
WEDNESDAY
su-yo-il
Gandhi Jayanti –
Ghandi’s birthday
INDIA
International Day of
Non-Violence German Unification Day
Hangeul Day – Korean
Alphabet Day
SOUTH KOREA
Dashain Festival* begins
celebrates victory of
Goddess Durga over the
demon Mahisasur
NEPAL
3
10
17
24
Dashain Festival ends
Halloween
UNITED STATES
31
THURSDAY
mog-yo-il
4
11
18
25
FRIDAY
geum-yo-il
5
12
19
26
Eid al-Adha* – Festival
of Sacrifice
SATURDAY
to-yo-il
6
13
20
27
Pungmul Pan-gut
Communicating through performance
The National Gugak Center of South Korea hosts a
resident Namsadang team seen here performing Pan-gut,
a traditional Korean dance. Namsadang were traveling
entertainers who presented various acts including a
mask-dance drama, puppet play, bowl spinning, tightrope
walking, acrobatics and pungmul-style drumming and
dancing. They were particularly active near the end of the
Joseon Dynasty, which ruled from 1392–1910. Usually
the finale of the Namsadang performance would be a
pungmul pan-gut. As the drumming sped up, the dancers
would move faster, and audience members, unable to
contain themselves, would rise up and join the fun.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Prioritizing Education. Koreans place a great deal
of importance on education. Ninety-seven percent of
South Koreans between the ages of 25 and 34 have
completed upper secondary education, making it
the highest percentage in the world according to
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development. On average, South Korean households
spend 7.5% of their total income on educational
expenses. Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Hangeul. The Korean writing system, Hangeul ( ),
was published by King Sejong the Great in 1446.
Before this time, Koreans wrote records in Chinese.
Since writing required learning a new language, it
was inaccessible to all but the elite. Hangeul was
created to increase literacy among the common
people. It is the first writing system to be designed
from methodically researched scientific and
philosophical principals and is praised by modern
experts for its systematic classification of the sounds
of the Korean language. Era 5, 15th to 18th centuries

CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, BR-TL002 WORLD BANK, BARBARA RATUSZNIK/WORLD BANK PHOTO COLLECTION

NOVEMBER 2012
Translation for days: Tatum
SUNDAY
domingu
Daylight Saving
Time ends
4
11
Veterans Day
UNITED STATES
St. Martin’s Day
AUSTRIA & GERMANY
18
25
MONDAY
segunda
5
12
Veterans Day Observed
UNITED STATES
19
26
TUESDAY
tersa
Election Day
UNITED STATES
6
13
20
27
WEDNESDAY
kuarta
7
14
21
28
THURSDAY
kinta
All Saints’ Day
Al-Hirja* – Islamic
New Year
Thanksgiving Day
UNITED STATES
1
8
15
22
29
FRIDAY
sesta
2
9
16
23
30
SATURDAY
sabtu
3
10
17
24
Ashura* – 10th day of
the Islamic New Year
a day of mourning in
Shi’a Islam
School Girls in Oecusse, Timor-Leste
Communicating through education
Because of intermittent and severe violence from 1975
to 1999, education for all Timor-Leste’s children has been
disrupted. Now, only 59% of the adult population is literate,
and the average length of schooling is 11 years. Women
are less likely than men to be literate, and girls are less
likely than boys to be enrolled in school. Since the end of
violence in 2002, access to education has improved for all.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Timor-Leste Declares Independence. Colonized
since the 16th century, Timor-Leste declared its
independence from Portugal in 1975. Nine days
later, it was invaded and taken over by Indonesia.
A campaign for independence followed until 1999
when the population voted for independence from
Indonesia in a UN-supervised election. Much of the
country was destroyed by the warfare before and
after the referendum. Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Trade Routes. Timor-Leste was part of Chinese and
Indian trading routes as early as the 14th century. At
that time, it was an important source of sandalwood,
honey, and wax. Era 4, 300–1500 CE/AD

NINA BHATTACHARYA, BA, INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES, 2012

DECEMBER 2012
Translation for days: Hindi
SUNDAY
ravivar
Chanukah begins
Chanukah ends
2
9
16
23
30 31
MONDAY
somavar
Christmas
Eve
3
10
17
24
TUESDAY
mangalavar
Christmas Day
4
11
18
25
WEDNESDAY
budhavar
Kwanzaa begins
5
12
19
26
THURSDAY
guruvar
6
13
20
27
FRIDAY
shukravar
Winter Solstice
7
14
21
28
SATURDAY
shanivar
1
8
15
22
29
Active, Engaged Empowerment
Communicating through financial training
A worker from the Chinmaya Organization for Rural
Development (CORD), dressed in purple, sits down with
a village microfinance group to make sure it is on track.
Through these groups, women can access necessary
credit to support their families and start businesses.
A majority of the communication is done in the local
dialect, Pahadi, to allow the women to take maximum
ownership in running the group. They also learn how to
balance their books and keep careful track of the
group’s finances.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• One Country, Many Languages. India has 16 official
languages according to 2001 census data cited in the
CIA World Factbook. Hindi, the national language is
spoken by more than 40% of the population. English
enjoys the status of subsidiary official language and
is important for national, political, and commercial
communication. Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• India Gains Independence. Beginning in 1920,
Indian leader Mohandas K. Gandhi transformed the
Indian National Congress political party into a mass
movement to campaign against British colonial rule.
The party used both parliamentary and nonviolent
resistance to agitate for independence. During this
period, millions of Indians served in the British Indian
Army, including service in both World Wars. On
August 15, 1947, India became a dominion within
the Commonwealth, with Jawaharlal Nehru as prime
minister. Era 7, 1900 to 1945

JOSHUA SHAPERO, PHD CANDIDATE, DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

JANUARY 2013
Translation for days: Quechua
SUNDAY
intichaw
Christmas
ARMENIA
6
13
20
27
MONDAY
killachaw
7
Orthodox Christmas
14
Seijin no hi – Coming
of Age Day
JAPAN
Martin Luther
King Jr. Day
UNITED STATES
21
28
TUESDAY
atipachaw
New Year’s Day
Kwanzaa ends
1
8
15
22
29
WEDNESDAY
quyllurchaw
2
9
16
23
30
THURSDAY
illapachaw
3
10
17
24
31
FRIDAY
chaskachaw
4
11
18
25
SATURDAY
kuychichaw
5
12
19
26
Playing Tag at 12,000 Feet
Communicating through play and games
School children on a field trip to Qitsqay Hirka, the
mountain above their school in Huaripampa, Peru,
are urged to speak only in Quechua as they play
mamallaachi, a game similar to tag. They are the first
class to have graduated from primary school under
the new bilingual intercultural education program. In
response to the fact that Spanish is rapidly replacing
Quechua in many contexts of life in rural communities
like Huaripampa, the bilingual intercultural education
program reinforces the use and value of the indigenous
Quechua language.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Machu Picchu. Often referred to as the “Lost City
of the Incas,” Machu Picchu is located in the Andes
Mountains in Cusco, Peru. Archeologists believe
Machu Picchu was built in the 1400s as an estate
for the Incan emperor Pachacuti and abandoned a
century later when the Spanish conquered the Incan
empire. Era 4, 300 –1500 CE/AD
• Túpac Amaru II’s Rebellion. José Gabriel Túpac
Amaru II was the leader of an uprising against the
Spanish in Peru in 1780. The rebellion was sparked
by abuses of the indigenous population by local
authorities of the Spanish crown. At its height,
it mobilized more than 6,000 mostly indigenous
insurgents against Spanish troops. Although Túpac
Amaru was later captured and executed, he became
a symbolic figure in the Peruvian struggle for
independence and the indigenous rights movement.
Era 5, 15th to 18th centuries

BENJAMIN BROSE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF CHINESE BUDDHISM, ASIAN LANGUAGES & CULTURES, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

FEBRUARY 2013
Translation for days: Chinese (Mandarin pronunciation)
SUNDAY
xing qi tian
3
10
Chinese New Year* –
Year of the Snake
Seollal* – Lunar
New Year
NORTH KOREA &
SOUTH KOREA
17
24
MONDAY
xing qi yi
Presidents’ Day
UNITED STATES
4
11
18
25
Independence Day
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
TUESDAY
xing qi er
Carnavales de
Cajamarca ends
PERU
5
12
19
26
WEDNESDAY
xing qi san
Ash Wednesday –
Lent begins
6
13
20
27
THURSDAY
xing qi si
Valentine’s Day
UNITED STATES
7
14
21
28
FRIDAY
xing qi wu
Carnavales de
Cajamarca begins
PERU
1
8
15
22
SATURDAY
xing qi liu
2
9
16
23
Selling Cell Phones: Yangzhou, China
Communicating through technology
A performer draws a crowd of potential customers on a
hot afternoon in Yangzhou. The products are the newest
Nokia cell phones. A couple of years ago, China reported
that there were more than 700 million mobile phone
users—double the total U.S. population! Phone owners
may own multiple phones for different purposes, and
no one can do without. People in China’s rural regions,
for example, find phones essential for conducting their
micro businesses.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Chinese Information Highway. According to
research on the Chinese blogosphere, there are more
than 450 million users of the Sinophone Internet
who spend more than 40% of their free time in
cyberspace. Instant messaging makes up 77% of the
leading uses by “netizens,” people who frequently use
the Internet. Only music tops this category at 79%.
Values, ideologies, and meaning are transmitted via
the Internet—a highway that is also affected more
and more by political and commercial challenges.
Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Camel Caravans. One of the most famous routes
for trade was the Silk Road, a network of pathways
linking Asia with Central Asia and Europe. Although
high-speed Internet transmits information today
anywhere in seconds, 1,000 years ago it would have
taken six months via camel caravan to send music
and ideas from Beijing to Samarkand.
Era 4, 300–1500 CE/AD

CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, SDM-NP-097 WORLD BANK, SIMONE D. MCCOURTIE/WORLD BANK PHOTO COLLECTION

MARCH 2013
Translation for days: Nepali
31
SUNDAY
aitobaar
Daylight Saving
Time begins
UNITED STATES
Easter
3
10
17
24
MONDAY
sombaar
Passover* begins
4
11
18
25
TUESDAY
mangalbaar
5
12
19
26
WEDNESDAY
budhabaar
Holi* – Spring
Festival begins
INDIA
6
13
20
27
THURSDAY
bihibaar
7
14
21
Nowruz* – Zoroastrian,
Iranian, & Central
Asian New Year
UN OBSERVED
Human Rights Day
SOUTH AFRICA
Holi – Spring
Festival ends
INDIA
28
FRIDAY
shukrabaar
Good Friday
1
8
15
22
29
SATURDAY
shanibaar
Holy Saturday –
Lent ends
2
9
16
23
30
A Market Scene in Kaski, Nepal
Communicating through trade
Kaski in western Nepal covers parts of the Annapurna
mountain range, and the picturesque mountains can be
observed from most parts of the area. Pokhara, the main
city in this district, is one of the best tourist destinations
of Nepal. Like many markets in South Asia, Kaski’s market
is busy, colorful, and loud. The sights, sounds, and smells
can quickly lead to sensory overload. It is customary to
bargain for everything from vegetables to used designer
outerwear—which is often sold to shopkeepers by
mountaineers from the West after they return from
their expeditions.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Summiting Mt. Everest. In 1953 Nepal's Sherpa
Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary
took part in John Hunt’s expedition to climb Mt. Everest.
They become the first climbers to reach the summit. It
was Tenzing’s seventh expedition to Everest and his first
successful one. In 1996, his son Jamling Tenzing Norgay
summited Everest also, but Tenzing, who died in 1986 at
the age of 71, did not live to see this. Era 8, 20th century
since 1945
• Birth of the Buddha. In the sixth century BCE, Prince
Siddhartha Gautama was born near Lumbini, Nepal.
When he reached the age of 29 he renounced royal
life and led a life seeking spiritual enlightenment. He
became known as the Buddha. Buddhism continues
to shape the face of Asia, but in Nepal it lost ground
to resurgent Hinduism over the centuries. Nepal
today is the world's only Hindu monarchy.
Eras 1–3, beginnings to 650 CE/AD

CHRISTINE MORRISON, BS, CHEMISTRY, 2010

APRIL 2013
Translation for days: Polish
SUNDAY
niedziela
7
14
21
28
MONDAY
poniedziałek
1
8
Yom Hashoah –
Holocaust
Remembrance Day
15
22
29
TUESDAY
wtorek
Passover ends
2
9
16
23
30
WEDNESDAY
ŚRODA
3
10
17
24
Genocide
Commemoration Day
ARMENIA
THURSDAY
czwartek
4
Clear Brightness
Festival
CHINA
Independence Day
SENEGAL
11
18
25
FRIDAY
piątek
5
12
19
26
SATURDAY
sobota
Freedom Day
SOUTH AFRICA
6
13
20
27
Tradition
Communicating through customs and traditions
It is a Jewish custom to place stones at gravesites to
honor the memory of the deceased. Over a dozen
stones have been laid on the footstep of this train car in
Oświęcim, Poland, honoring the thousands of people
who rode through the entrance gate in the foggy
background to the Nazi concentration camp
Auschwitz-Birkenau.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Modern Poland. Poland today is an increasingly
prosperous country with strong democratic institutions
and an exciting, diverse cultural life. It is the
fifth largest country in the European Union, which
it joined in 2004. Poland continues to struggle with
issues of economic inequality, with growing cities like
Warsaw, Poznań, and Wrocław contrasting sharply
with the impoverished, mostly rural eastern part of
the country. Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Holocaust. During World War II, German Nazi forces
invaded Poland, killing six million Poles including
nearly all of the country’s three million Jews. The
targeted killing of Jewish people and others that the
Nazis determined “racially inferior” is known as the
Holocaust. More than one million people were killed
at the concentration camp Auschwitz, which is now a
museum commemorating those who lost their lives.
Era 7, 1900-1945

CHRISTINE MORRISON, BS, CHEMISTRY, 2010

MAY 2013
Translation for days: German
SUNDAY
sonntag
Orthodox Easter
Mother’s Day
UNITED STATES
5
12
19
26
MONDAY
montag
6
13
20
Independence Day
TIMOR-LESTE
Memorial Day
UNITED STATES
27
TUESDAY
dienstag
7
14
21
28
WEDNESDAY
mittwoch
1
8
15
22
29
THURSDAY
donnerstag
Europe Day
EUROPEAN UNION
2
9
16
23
30
FRIDAY
freitag
Constitution Day
POLAND
3
10
17
24
31
SATURDAY
samstag
Midori no hi –
Greenery Day
JAPAN
4
11
18
25
Africa Day
annual commemoration
of the founding of the
Organisation of African Unity,
now the African Union
Buddha Jayanti* –
birth anniversary of
the Buddha
NEPAL
Love Padlocks
Communicating through symbolism
Over the Rhine River in Cologne, Germany, there is
a bridge carrying a lot more metal than train tracks.
Couples, families, and friends come here to attach their
“love padlocks” to the fence as a symbol of everlasting
love. Similar displays can be found in several other
countries throughout the world.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• A Popular Language. German is the most widely
spoken language in Europe. In addition to the
83 million inhabitants of Germany, people speak
German in many other countries including Austria,
Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein,
where it is also an official language. German is
the third-most popular foreign language taught
worldwide and the second-most popular in Europe
and Japan after English. Era 8, 20th century since
1945
• Invention of the Printing Press. Johannes
Gutenberg, a German blacksmith, invented a
movable press that allowed for mass-printing, and
in 1454 he produced the first printed Bible. The
ability to print books with machines rather than
writing manuscripts by hand was key to spreading
knowledge across Europe during the Renaissance
and beyond. Era 4, 300–1500 CE/AD

AMIR SYED, PHD STUDENT, DEPARTMENTS OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

JUNE 2013
Translation for days: Wolof
30
SUNDAY
dibéér
Republic Day
ITALY
Youth Day
SOUTH AFRICA
Father’s Day
UNITED STATES
2
9
16
23
MONDAY
altiné
3
10
17
24
TUESDAY
talaata
4
11
18
25
WEDNESDAY
Àllarba
Russia Day
5
12
19
26
THURSDAY
alxames
6
13
20
27
FRIDAY
Àjjuma
7
14
21
Summer Solstice
Inti Raymi – Festival
of the Sun
Celebrated in indigenous
cultures throughout
the Andes
28
SATURDAY
gawo
1
8
15
22
29
Don’t Touch My Constitution
Communicating through protest
Riots broke out in downtown Dakar, Sengal, on June 23,
2011, in opposition to then President Abdoulaye Wade's
proposed constitutional amendments which would
have nearly guaranteed his re-election by reducing
the proportion of votes needed to win a presidential
election and avoid a runoff from more than 50% to 25%.
He had also wanted to create an elected post of vice
president. The opposition had established a coalition
called “Don't Touch My Constitution,” which became a
central rallying point for the protesters.
DID YOU
KNOW?
• Term Limits. Former President Wade was first elected
in 2000. During his seven-year term, the constitution
was changed to limit a president to two five-year
terms. Re-elected in 2007, he stated that he neither
would nor could under the constitution run again.
He later reasoned that his 2007 win was actually his
first term under the current constitution, freeing him
to run again in 2012. Senegal's Constitutional Court
agreed with him. Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Senegalese Independence. Senegal was a French
colony and inherited a legacy of democratic
principles. As evidenced by political forces that
emerged during the 1950s including a strong trade
union movement, Islamic sects, and exponents of
Marxism. In November 1958, Senegal became a
self-governing member of the French Community.
Senegal became an independent state on August 20,
1960, after seceding from the Mali Federation.
Era 8, 20th century since 1945

MEINRAD HECK

JULY 2013
Translation for days: Xhosa
SUNDAY
icawe
Bastille Day
FRANCE
7
14
21
28
Fiestas Patrias –
Independence Day from
the Spanish Empire
PERU
MONDAY
umvulo
1
8
15
22
29
TUESDAY
ulwesibini
Ramadan* begins
2
9
16
23
30
WEDNESDAY
ulwesithathu
3
10
17
24
31
THURSDAY
ulwesine
Independence Day
UNITED STATES
Mandela Day
SOUTH AFRICA
4
11
18
25
FRIDAY
ulwesihlanu
5
12
19
26
SATURDAY
umgqibelo
6
13
20
27
“The Voice”
Communicating through song
Vusi Mahlasela is a musician, singer-songwriter, and
composer from South Africa. Known as “The Voice” in
his country, he is celebrated for his distinct, powerful
voice and his poetic, optimistic lyrics. His songs of
hope connect apartheid-scarred South Africa with its
promise for a better future. Mahlasela performed at the
1994 inauguration of former South African President
Nelson Mandela. He helped ring in the World Cup at
FIFA’s kick-off concert at Orlando Stadium, and his song
“When You Come Back” was ITV’s official theme song
for the World Cup in the United Kingdom. Mahlasela
visited the University of Michigan as a Center for World
Performance Studies Artist Resident in 2012.
DID YOU
KNOW?
•• Nelson Mandela. On April 27, 1994, the first
democratic elections were held in South Africa with
people of all races being able to vote. A Government
of National Unity was formed with Nelson Mandela
as president. Mandela had spent more than 27 years
in prison for his opposition to apartheid. His release
from prison in February 1990 was the beginning of
the slow dismantling of the apartheid system.
Era 8, 20th century since 1945
• Founding of Cape Town. Dutch traders landed
at the southern tip of modern-day South Africa in
1652 and established a stopover point on the spice
route between the Netherlands and the Far East,
founding the city of Cape Town. The British would
later seize the Cape of Good Hope area in 1806.
Further immigration by European settlers due to
the discovery of diamonds and gold intensified the
subjugation of the native inhabitants. Era 5, 15th to
18th centuries

Michigan Department of Education
High School Social Studies Content Expectations v. 10.07 www.michigan.gov/mde

The African Studies Center serves as a conduit through which the
many African initiatives across the University of Michigan, from law
and medicine to the sciences and humanities, may be furthered to
the mutual benefit of the university and its African partners.
www.ii.umich.edu/asc
The University of Michigan’s Armenian Studies Program promotes
the study of the history, language, and culture of Armenia and of the
Armenian diaspora and prepares new scholars in the field. Through its
work in the United States and abroad, the program strives to contribute
to the scholarly analysis and understanding of the history, culture, and
challenges of the Near East and the Caucasus which Armenians have
been part of for millennia. www.ii.umich.edu/asp
Founded in 1961, the Center for Chinese Studies at the University
of Michigan provides students, specialists, and the public with
expert resources and a deeper understanding of contemporary and
historical issues related to China. www.ii.umich.edu/ccs
The Center for European Studies is the focal point for the
interdisciplinary study of Europe at the University of Michigan. The
center offers multi-disciplinary research, education, and outreach
programs to promote understanding of an integrated Europe at the
university and in the community. www.ii.umich.edu/ces
The Center for International and Comparative Studies focuses on
topics of global significance that cut across geographic boundaries
and academic disciplines. Through its programs and partnerships the
center seeks to further multidisciplinary exploration of global issues,
particularly those related to human rights, international development, and
international security and cooperation. www.ii.umich.edu/cics
The Center for Japanese Studies promotes and disseminates
research on Japan, fosters communication among diverse disciplines,
and encourages new approaches in the understanding of Japan and
its place in the world. www.ii.umich.edu/cjs
The Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies at the
University of Michigan International Institute advances knowledge
about Latin America and the Caribbean and seeks to heighten
interest in this region among members of the U-M community and
the public. Through collaborative partnerships across the university,
the center fosters teaching and research across a wide range of
disciplines and professional fields. www.ii.umich.edu/lacs
The Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies
enhances awareness of the peoples, cultures, and languages in the
Middle East and North Africa. This vitally important region of the
world constitutes a highly diverse cultural area now undergoing
rapid and large-scale change. www.ii.umich.edu/cmenas
The Nam Center for Korean Studies encourages economic, political,
and cultural understanding of Korea in the University of Michigan
community and beyond. Through its support of students and faculty as
well as its ambitious public programming, the center seeks to increase
the depth and breadth of resources devoted to Korean studies.
www.ii.umich.edu/ncks
The Center for Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies at the
University of Michigan is dedicated to advancing and disseminating
interdisciplinary knowledge about the peoples, nations, and cultures
of Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Eurasia, past and present.
Through its academic programs and support of area-focused training
and scholarship across U-M’s schools and colleges, CREES helps meet
the nation’s ongoing need for experts with deep contextual knowledge
who are proficient in the region’s languages. www.ii.umich.edu/crees
The Center for South Asian Studies at the University of Michigan
seeks to initiate new cross-disciplinary discussions, promote
scholarly analysis, and encourage a deeper appreciation of this
region. Offering courses, events, and cutting-edge research, it is one
of the largest programs devoted to South Asia in the United States.
www.ii.umich.edu/csas
The Center for Southeast Asian Studies emphasizes learning across
the disciplines in this dynamic and understudied part of the world.
By supporting education at an international, national, and local
level, we seek to integrate Southeast Asia into broader scholarship
and curricula. www.ii.umich.edu/cseas
The Center for World Performance Studies seeks to unite artists,
performers, scholars and the community through the international
language of the arts. The center strives to bridge the gap between
performance and scholarship, increase knowledge of performing
arts around the globe, bring into intellectual focus the increasing
globalization of the performing arts, and take advantage of the
interdisciplinary opportunities at the University of Michigan.
www.ii.umich.edu/cwps

ums
youth
education
program
Learning is core to UMS’s mission, and it is our
joy to provide creative learning experiences
for our entire community. Each season, we
offer a spectrum of education and community
engagement activities focusing on K-12
students, teachers, teens, university students,
families, adults, and cultural communities.
We exist to create a spark in people, young
and old alike, to expose them to things they
haven’t seen before, and leave them with an
ongoing and lifelong passion for creativity and
the performing arts.
The UMS Youth Education program consists
of culturally and artistically diverse daytime
Youth Performances, educator professional
development workshops, in-school visits by
artists, and academically aligned curriculum
resources. Each season serves up to 20,000
youth, parents, and educators in southeastern
Michigan. The program is enhanced by official
partnerships with the Ann Arbor Public
Schools, the Washtenaw Intermediate School
District, and the Kennedy Center Partners in
Education Program.
for
CoMPLETE
InforMATIon
VISIT
www.ums.org/learn
E-MAIL
umsyouth@umich.edu
CALL
734.615.0122
The AnimA ls A nd Children
Took T o T he sTreeT s
2012/2013
YouTh PErforMAnCE SErIES
Suzhou Kun opera Theatre of
Jiangsu Province
Friday, september 28, 11 am
Lydia Mendelssohn Theatre
From Cass Corridor to the World:
a tribute to detroit’s musical golden age
tuesday, January 22, 11 am
Hill Auditorium
Martha Graham Dance Company
Friday, January 25, 11 am
Power Center
Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán
monday, January 28, 11 am
Hill Auditorium
The Animals and Children Took
to the Streets
1927
Friday, april 12, 11 am
Performance Network
ragamala Dance:
sacred earth
Wednesday, april 24, 11 am
Power Center
Major program support provided by
Ford Motor Company Fund and
Community Services, The Andrew W.
Mellon Foundation, and The University
of Michigan.
ums unleashes the power of world-class performing arts in order
to engage, educate, transform, and connect individuals with
transcendent experiences.
UMMA offers a unique, intimate experience of
art from around the world and a full calendar
of exciting events and programs
Curriculum-based Tours
UMMA offers a menu of tours that are aligned
with state of Michigan social studies and science
curricula using the visual arts as a focus and
springboard for learning. Academically enriching
and great fun, docent-led tours enable K–12
students to understand history, culture, geography,
art, and much more. Always free, UMMA’s docent
tours help students develop observation skills and
visual literacy, confidence and critical thinking.
Contact umma-tours@umich.edu to schedule a
tour and to receive bus subsidy information.
Teacher Workshops
UMMA’s teacher workshops include interactive
gallery tours, hands-on art making, and material
for personal and classroom use in a friendly and
relaxed atmosphere. Our upcoming exhibition
Benjamin West: General Wolfe and the Art of
Empire will provide an important opportunity for
exploring art and maps as primary documents
that expand the understanding of history. Look
for the associated teacher workshop this fall. Our
winter teacher workshop will feature the exhibition
El Anatsui: When I Last Wrote to You About Africa.
Anatsui is a contemporary artist from Ghana whose
sublime tapestry-like hangings and works in other
media reference the great political changes in
Africa in the 20th century, as well as environmental
and economic issues. This exhibition is sure to be a
crowd-pleaser so sign up early.
The University of Michigan Museum of Art
525 South State Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1354
734.764.0395 | umma.umich.edu
For information on teacher
workshops, tours, and upcoming
exhibitions, and to browse the
galleries or to make a reservation
to study in the Curatorial Resource
Center, visit umma.umich.edu.

The U-M Center for the Education of Women is a resource
for women seeking to take charge of their lives, to build their
academic or professional credentials, or to take the first step
along a new path in life. Sign up for a workshop, see a
counselor, explore your options. At CEW.
330 East Liberty, Ann Arbor, Michigan 734.764.6005 www.cew.umich.edu
Empowering Women Through
Service, Research and Advocacy
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
CENTERS AND PROGRAMS
• African Studies Center
• Armenian Studies Program
• Center for Chinese Studies*
• Center for European Studies
• Center for International Business Education and Research*
• Center for International and Comparative Studies
• Islamic Studies Program
• Center for Japanese Studies*
• Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies*
• Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies*
• Nam Center for Korean Studies*
• Center for Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies*
• Center for South Asian Studies*
• Center for Southeast Asian Studies*
• Weiser Center for Emerging Democracies
• Weiser Center for Europe and Eurasia
• Center for World Performance Studies
* Denotes National Resource Center or Center for International Business
Education. These prestigious designations, earned in national peer-reviewed
competitions, are awarded by the U.S. Department of Education Title VI program.

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Laurence B. Deitch, Bingham Farms
Denise Ilitch, Bingham Farms
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Olivia P. Maynard, Goodrich
Andrea Fischer Newman, Ann Arbor
Andrew C. Richner, Grosse Pointe Park
International Institute
1080 South University Ave., Suite 2660
Ann Arbor, MI 48109 -1106
P 734.763.9200 F 734.763.9154 E iimichigan@umich.edu
www.ii.umich.edu
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discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, marital status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, disability, religion,
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