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Index A Index terms Links Index terms Links Absorption 70 B Bagley plot 6 Biot number 54 55 57 60 Brinkman number 60 142 140 Buckling 132 C Clamp force 139 Conduction 43 composite walls 46 cylinder 44 dissipation, with 59 hollow sphere 45 plane wall 43 sphere 45 Contact temperature 57 Convection resistance 49 Cooling channel 145 mechanical design 149 Cooling of melt 142 amorphous polymers 145 crystalline polymers 142 in mold 142 Cooling time 52 145 Correction factor 111 Critical strain 77 D Deborah number 60 Deflection 131 Desorption 69 70 Die geometry 81 Die swell 31 Dielectric heating 67 Diffusion coefficient 69 Dimensionless numbers 60 E Engineering strain 1 Enthalpy 38 Entrance loss 5 Extensional flow 31 Extrusion die 81 Extrusion screws 105 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. 165
166 Index terms Links Index terms Links F Fick's Law 69 Findley function 77 Flight diameter 112 Flow curves 6 Flow length 156 Flowability 139 Fourier number 51 60 G Glass transition temperature 41 Graetz number 60 142 140 Grashof number 60 H Half-life 70 Heat penetration 57 Heat transfer 43 Hencky strain 1 Hookean solid 2 Hooke's Law 3 Hyperbolic Function 8 I Ideal solid 1 L Lambert's law 65 Lewis number 60 Linear Viscoelastic Behavior 19 25 creep 26 tensile extensional flow 25 M Maxwell fluid 30 model Mechanical design of 29 cooling channels Mechanical design of 149 extrusion screws 131 Melt conveying 109 Melt film 118 Melt pressure 116 Melt temperature Melting injection molding 115 screws 150 parameter 121 profile 122 rate 121 screw rotation 151 Modulus of elasticity 3 N Nahme number 60 Newtonian Fluids 3 Non-Newtonian fluids 4 This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.
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Natti S. Rao Gunter Schumacher D e
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Preface Today, designing of machine
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Figure 1.1 Deformation of a Hookean
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Figure 1.4 Shear flow The shear or
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where c and m are empirical constan
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Apparent viscosity 7\Q True viscosi
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Pa Shear stress T Figure 1.11 Deter
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Shift Factor for Crystalline Polyme
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The power law exponent is obtained
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1.3.7.5 Klein's Viscosity Formula [
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where Mw = molecular weight JC —
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Steady state shear compliance J°t
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Ig 6\ Ig G" lga; Figure 1.22 Storag
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Characterization of the Transient S
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Time/ Figure 1.28 Tensile creep at
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1.4.2.2 Nonlinear Viscoelastic Beha
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Figure 1.37 Maxwell fluid [1 ] The
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Die swel B1 Figure 1.40 Dependence
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2 Thermodynamic Properties of Polym
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where u = internal energy T = tempe
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Enthalpy /7-/720 kWh kg Kl kg polyn
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Table 2.1 Approximate Values for th
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Analogous to Ohm's law in electric
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Figure 3.3 One-dimensional heat tra
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Figure 3.5 Heat flow in a multilaye
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The combination of convection and c
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The equation for an infinite cylind
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The foregoing equations apply to ca
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Figure 3.11 Midplane temperature fo
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Figure 3.12 Temperature distributio
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For drag flow the velocity gradient
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Lewis number: ratio of thermal diff
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The Reynolds number ReL, based on t
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At thermal equilibrium according to
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The rate of heat generation in a pl
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The mass of the fluid permeating th
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4 Designing Plastics Parts The defo
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The parabolic failure criterion is
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Figure 4.3 Secant modulus [4] Stres
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where P = load (N) Lybyd = dimensio
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5 Formulas for Designing Extrusion
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for values of the ratio n (R0 + R1)
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melt density pm = 0.7 g/cm 3 Soluti
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and finally the pressure drop Ap fr
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Pressure drop Ap from Equation 5.2
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Proportionality factor K from Equat
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n = 3.043 RTh= 1.274 mm Shear rate
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The relation of a slit is H = heigh
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Shear stress (N/m 2 ) Figure 5.5 Ef
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Figure 5.7 Surface distortion on a
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Residence time t (s) LDPE m = 40 kg
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Table 5.1 Dimensions of Square Scre
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Pressure drop in screen Mesh size F
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In practice, this efficiency is als
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5.2.2 Melt Conveying Starting from
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md = 46.42 kg/h Equation 5.31 and E
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Solution Power Zc in the screw chan
Page 115 and 116: Indices: m: melt f: melt film b: ba
Page 117 and 118: Example with symbols and units a) S
Page 119 and 120: X- Q Figure 5.24 Velocity and tempe
Page 121 and 122: (5.54) As seen from the equations a
Page 123 and 124: Figure 5.26 Three-zone screw [8] Th
Page 125 and 126: The profiles of stock temperature a
Page 127 and 128: where HF = feed depth H = metering
Page 129 and 130: Screw speed (rpm) Screw diameter D
Page 131 and 132: 5.2.6 Mechanical Design of Extrusio
Page 133 and 134: Next Page Screw Vibration When the
Page 135 and 136: 5.3.1 Pressure Drop in Runner As th
Page 137 and 138: Examples of calculating pressure dr
Page 139 and 140: Example with symbols and units The
Page 141 and 142: Flow length L mm Spiral height H Fi
Page 143 and 144: Solution The conversion factors for
Page 145 and 146: Figure 5.43 shows a sample plot of
Page 147 and 148: With the values for the properties
Page 149 and 150: Cooling time mm Distance between mo
Page 151 and 152: Table 5.2 Results of Optimization o
Page 153 and 154: Per cent unmelted Axial distance al
Page 155 and 156: A* [%] LDPE Axial length (screw dia
Page 157 and 158: A* [%] A* [%] LDPE LDPE Axial lengt
Page 159 and 160: Flow length (mm) Flow length (mm) F
Page 161 and 162: Flow length L (mm) Flow length L (m
Page 163 and 164: [26] VDI Warmeatlas, VDI Verlag, Du
Page 165: A Final Word The aim of this book i
Page 169 and 170: 168 Index terms Links Index terms L
Page 171 and 172: viii Contents 1.4 Viscoelastic Beha
Page 173 and 174: x Contents 5.2 Extrusion Screws ...
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