The Highlanders of Scotland - Clan Strachan Society
The Highlanders of Scotland - Clan Strachan Society The Highlanders of Scotland - Clan Strachan Society
178 THE HIGHLANDERS [part ii result of the pre-eminence of the Scottish name in the country was a gradual belief in the Scottish origin of the Highland clans ; and this belief, which must eventually have prevailed ev'en among the clans themselves, was firmly fixed in their minds at an earlier period by a circumstance in the history of Scotland which will be afterwards noticed. The First general _ • • , i i i i i i tradition hrst svstem, then, which produced a change in the irisii origin traditional origin of the Highlands may be called to the clans. . • , r- , r 7 the Scottish or ij-ish system. The oldest and purest specimen of this tradition which' I have been able to discover, is contained in an ancient parchment MS., containing genealogies of most of the Highland clans, and which, from internal evidence, appears to have been written about A.D. 1450. 1 In this MS. the different clans are brought from two sources. First, the Macdonalds and their numerous dependants are brought from Colla Uais, an Irish king of the fourth century ; second, the other clans mentioned in the MS. are brought in different lines from Feradach Fin and his son, Fearchar Fada, the latter of whom was a king of Dalriada, of the line of Lorn, and reigned in the early part of the eighth century. I shall state shortly the reasons which induce me to think generally that this could not have been the true origin of these clans, and that it must have been a .system introduced by circumstances, and one which gradually obtained belief among the Highlanders. The particular objection to the origin of the different clans mentioned in the MS. will be found under the head of each clan. In t\-\Q first place, it will be remarked, that although the Dalriads consisted of the three different -fc>' ^ This MS., the value and importance covering upon it the date of 1467. As of which it is impossible to estimate too highly, was discovered by this MS. will be very frequently the quoted in the course of this part of Author among the MSS. in the collec- the Work, it will be referred to os " tion of the Faculty of Advocates. the MS. of 1450," to distinguish it After a strict and attentive examina- from the other Gaelic MSS. to which tion of its contents and appearance, allusion will be made. Tlie Author the Author came to the conclusion may add, that he has printed the text that it must have been written by a of the MS. in question, accompanied person of the name of M'Lachlan as with a literal early English translation, as the year 1450 and this con- ; in the first number of the valuable elusion with regard to its antiquity Collectanea de Rebus Albanicis, was afterwards confirmed by dis- edited by tlie lona Club.
CHAP. I] OF SCOTLAND 179 tribes of Lorn, Cowall, and Kintyre ; and although, as we have seen, the tribe of Lorn was almost annihilated, while that of Kintyre attained to so great power as eventually to obtain the the clans in this MS. supreme authority over all Scotland, yet inhabiting the greater part of the Highlands, including the extensive districts of Moray and Ross, are all brought from the small and almost annihilated tribe of Lorn, and not one from anv of the other Dalriadic tribes. It is almost inconceivable that the population of such immense districts could have sprung from the small tribe of Lorn alone. In the second place, if we suppose the general system of the descent of the clans from the Dalriadic tribe of Lorn, as contained in the MS., to be correct, then the relative affinities of the clans with each other will be found at utter variance with those which are known and established by authentic documents. The clans brought by this MS. from the line of Lorn may be divided into two classes ; first, those brought from sons or brothers of Fearchar Fada ; secondly, those brought from a certain Cormac Mac Oirbertaigh, a descendant of Fearchar. In the second cla.ss, the Rosses are made nearer in connexion to the Macnabs than the Mackinnons, and yet there is no tradition of any connexion having subsisted between the Rosses and the Macnabs, a connexion which distance of abode renders improbable ; while, on the other hand, there exists a bond of Manrent between the Macnabs and Mackinnons, founded upon their close connexion and descent from two brothers. The same remark applies to the Mac- gregors, Mackinnons, and Macquarries, who by the MS. are made no nearer to each other than they are to the Rosses, Mackenzies, &c. If, however, we leave out of view those earlier parts of the different genealogies by which the clans are connected with the kings of the line of Lorn, then we shall find the rest of the MS. to be borne out in a most remarkable manner by every authentic record of the history of the different clans which remains to us. In the third place, those early parts of the different genealogies do not agree among themseh-es ; thus, Cormac Mac Oirbertaigh is upon different occasions made great -great -grandson, great-grandson, grandson, a remote descendant, nephew, and brother of Fearchar Fada. It will be shewn in another place, that there is every reason
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CHAP. I] OF SCOTLAND 179<br />
tribes <strong>of</strong> Lorn, Cowall, and Kintyre ; and<br />
although, as we have<br />
seen, the tribe <strong>of</strong> Lorn was almost annihilated, while that <strong>of</strong><br />
Kintyre attained to so great power as eventually to obtain the<br />
the clans in this MS.<br />
supreme authority over all <strong>Scotland</strong>, yet<br />
inhabiting the greater part <strong>of</strong> the Highlands, including the<br />
extensive districts <strong>of</strong> Moray and Ross, are all brought from the<br />
small and almost annihilated tribe <strong>of</strong> Lorn, and not one from<br />
anv <strong>of</strong> the other Dalriadic tribes. It is almost inconceivable<br />
that the population <strong>of</strong> such immense districts could have sprung<br />
from the small tribe <strong>of</strong> Lorn alone. In the second place, if we<br />
suppose the general system <strong>of</strong> the descent <strong>of</strong> the clans from<br />
the Dalriadic tribe <strong>of</strong> Lorn, as contained in the MS., to be<br />
correct, then the relative affinities <strong>of</strong> the clans with each other<br />
will be found at utter variance with those which are known and<br />
established by authentic documents. <strong>The</strong> clans brought by<br />
this MS. from the line <strong>of</strong> Lorn may be divided into two classes ;<br />
first, those brought from sons or brothers <strong>of</strong> Fearchar Fada ;<br />
secondly, those brought from a certain Cormac Mac Oirbertaigh,<br />
a descendant <strong>of</strong> Fearchar. In the second cla.ss, the Rosses are<br />
made nearer in connexion to the Macnabs than the Mackinnons,<br />
and yet there is no tradition <strong>of</strong> any connexion having subsisted<br />
between the Rosses and the Macnabs, a connexion which<br />
distance <strong>of</strong> abode renders improbable ; while, on the other hand,<br />
there exists a bond <strong>of</strong> Manrent between the Macnabs and<br />
Mackinnons, founded upon their close connexion and descent<br />
from two brothers. <strong>The</strong> same remark applies to the Mac-<br />
gregors, Mackinnons, and Macquarries, who by the MS. are<br />
made no nearer to each other than they are to the Rosses,<br />
Mackenzies, &c. If, however, we leave out <strong>of</strong> view those earlier<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> the different genealogies by which the clans are connected<br />
with the kings <strong>of</strong> the line <strong>of</strong> Lorn, then we shall find the<br />
rest <strong>of</strong> the MS. to be borne out in a most remarkable manner<br />
by every authentic record <strong>of</strong> the history <strong>of</strong> the different clans<br />
which remains to us. In the third place, those early parts <strong>of</strong><br />
the different genealogies do not agree among themseh-es ; thus,<br />
Cormac Mac Oirbertaigh is upon different occasions made<br />
great -great -grandson, great-grandson, grandson, a remote<br />
descendant, nephew, and brother <strong>of</strong> Fearchar Fada.<br />
It will be shewn in another place, that there is every reason