The Highlanders of Scotland - Clan Strachan Society
The Highlanders of Scotland - Clan Strachan Society The Highlanders of Scotland - Clan Strachan Society
i68 THE HIGHLANDERS [parti We shall now examine what effect the formation of the Scoto-Saxon monarchy under Edgar, produced upon this constitutional bod}'. We have seen that, down to the introduction of the Saxon laws into the country, the tribes of Scotland existed under the rule of their hereditary Maormors or chiefs and that, wherever the old population remained, these Maormors adopted the Saxon title of Earl. As this was the highest title of honour among the Saxons, it is plain that there would now be no distinction in title between the chiefs of the superior and those of the subordinate tribes ; and the whole of these earls indiscriminately, along with the other earls created by the Scoto-Saxon kings, and the crown vassals or thanes, would now form the " communitas regni," which constituted the parliament of all Teutonic nations. Notwithstanding this, however, as the seven great chiefs by whom the seven provinces of Scotland were represented, still existed, although they merely enjoyed the title of Earl in common with the other chiefs, it is not unlikely that we should find them retaining the shadow of this ancient national council co-existent with, and independent of, the great parliament of the nation, and claiming the privileges of the constitutional body of which their ancestors formed the members ; that, besides the parliament or communitas regni, which included the whole of the earls, with the other crown vassals, we should find seveti of the Earls claiming and exercising the privileges of the body which they represented ; and that they would yield with reluctance their position as a representation of the seven provinces of Scotland. Of the exercise of this right, however, an instance appears to have occurred even as late as the reign of Malcolm IV. On the death of David I., whose right to the throne had not been disputed by any of the factions into which Scotland was divided, the claims of his grandson Malcolm were disputed by William, commonly called the Boy of Egremont, the great-grandson of Malcolm Canmore, king of Scotland, b}' his eldest son Duncan, likewise king of Scotland, and he was supported by the Gaelic part of the population. The Orkneyinga Saga states that " Ingibiorg larlsmoder (earl's mother) married Malcolm, king of Scotland, who was called Langhals (Canmore) ; their son was Duncan, king of
APPEND.] OFSCOTLAND 169 his son was William Odlinger (the noble), whom all the Scots wished Scotland, the father, of WilHam he was a ; good man ; to have for their king!' ^ The nation, therefore, in some way expressed a desire to have and that this expression of the Boy of Egremont for their king ; the desire of the nation was made by the seven earls, appears from the following passages. In 1160, the Chronicle of Melrose mentions the following event :— " Malcolmus Rex Scotorum venit de exercitu Tolosa^, cumque venisset in civitatem quae dicitur Pert, Fereteatht cotnes et v. alii comites, irati contra regem quia perrexit Tolosam, obsederunt civitatem et regem capere voluerunt ; sed praesumtio illorum minime praevaluit." This attack by the earls was made in favour of the Boy of Egremont, for Winton mentions him as being among the conspirators as well as Gilleandres, Earl of Ross ; and the fact that, while Winton assures us that the Boy of Egremont and the Earl of Ross were present, the Chronicle of Melrose does not include either among the six earls, shews very clearly that these six carls were acting in some public capacity peculiar to them. The following passage in Bower shews equally clearly, however, that the demonstration made by the six earls was the event alluded to by the Saga, when it says, " whom all the Scots wished to have for their king " :— " Videntes denique Scotorom proceres nimiam sui regis familiaritatem cum Anglorum rege Henrico et amicitiam, turbati sunt valde, et omnis Scotia cum illis. Timuerunt enim ne -sua familiaritas opprobrium illis pararet et contemptum : quod omni studio praicavere conantes, iniserunt legationem post euin, dicentes ; nolunius hunc regnare super nos. Propterea reversus ab exercitu de Tholosa, Scotiam adveniens, propter diversas causarum exigentias, auctoritate regia praelatos jubet et proceres apud burgum regium de Perth convenire. Concitatis interim regni majoribus, sex comites, Ferchard, scilicet. Comes de Strathern et alii quinqjie, adversus regem, non utique pro singulari commodo seu proditiosa conspiratione, immo reipublics tuitione commoti, ipsum capere nisi sunt, quern infra turrim ejusdem urbis obsederunt. Cassato pro tunc eorum, Deo disponente, conatu, non multis ' Orkneyinga Saga, p. 90.
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APPEND.] OFSCOTLAND 169<br />
his son<br />
was William Odlinger (the noble), whom all the Scots wished<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>, the father, <strong>of</strong> WilHam he was a ; good man ;<br />
to have for their king!' ^<br />
<strong>The</strong> nation, therefore, in some way expressed a desire to have<br />
and that this expression <strong>of</strong><br />
the Boy <strong>of</strong> Egremont for their king ;<br />
the desire <strong>of</strong> the nation was made by the seven earls, appears<br />
from the following passages. In 1160, the Chronicle <strong>of</strong> Melrose<br />
mentions the following event :— " Malcolmus Rex Scotorum<br />
venit de exercitu Tolosa^, cumque venisset in civitatem quae<br />
dicitur Pert, Fereteatht cotnes et v. alii comites, irati contra regem<br />
quia perrexit Tolosam, obsederunt civitatem et regem capere<br />
voluerunt ; sed praesumtio illorum minime praevaluit." This<br />
attack by the earls was made in favour <strong>of</strong> the Boy <strong>of</strong> Egremont,<br />
for Winton mentions him as being among the conspirators as<br />
well as Gilleandres, Earl <strong>of</strong> Ross ; and the fact that, while<br />
Winton assures us that the Boy <strong>of</strong> Egremont and the Earl<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ross were present, the Chronicle <strong>of</strong> Melrose does not include<br />
either among the six earls, shews very clearly that these six<br />
carls were acting in some public capacity peculiar to them.<br />
<strong>The</strong> following passage in Bower shews equally clearly,<br />
however, that the demonstration made by the six earls was the<br />
event alluded to by the Saga, when it says, " whom all the Scots<br />
wished to have for their king " :—<br />
" Videntes denique Scotorom proceres nimiam sui regis<br />
familiaritatem cum Anglorum rege Henrico et amicitiam, turbati<br />
sunt valde, et omnis Scotia cum illis. Timuerunt enim ne -sua<br />
familiaritas opprobrium illis pararet et contemptum :<br />
quod<br />
omni<br />
studio praicavere conantes, iniserunt legationem post euin, dicentes ;<br />
nolunius hunc regnare super nos. Propterea reversus ab exercitu<br />
de Tholosa, Scotiam adveniens, propter diversas causarum<br />
exigentias, auctoritate regia praelatos jubet et proceres apud burgum<br />
regium de Perth convenire. Concitatis interim regni<br />
majoribus, sex comites, Ferchard, scilicet. Comes de Strathern et alii<br />
quinqjie, adversus regem, non utique pro singulari commodo seu<br />
proditiosa conspiratione, immo reipublics tuitione commoti, ipsum<br />
capere nisi sunt, quern infra turrim ejusdem urbis obsederunt.<br />
Cassato pro tunc eorum, Deo disponente, conatu, non multis<br />
'<br />
Orkneyinga Saga, p. 90.