sur lei origines du lexique tichnique of mistique musulmane (Paris, 1922), p. 75. 86; M. Moreno, Muslim mystics and mystical I Annali Lateranensi Indiana, Vatican City, 1946, p. 103-212; samadhi, 125, artificial ecstasy, 136, fana and nirvana, 156). Also see Emile Dermenghem, Techniques sixth on Islam (in the work Yoga. Thommen Science of comprehensive pub-lished under the direction of Jacques Masui, Paris, 1953, p. 274-283). Note VI, 7: Mandala Each Tantra has a mandala that is his own. See G. Tucci, Some Glosses upon the Guhyasamaia (Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, III, Brussels, 1935, p. 339-353), p. 342 and ff., On the mandala GuhyasamajaTantra, Mario E. Carelli, Sekoddesatika of Nadapada (Naropa) being a commentary of the Section of the Kalacakra Sekocldesa Tantra (Gaekwad Oriental Series, XC, Ba-roda, 1941), p. 25 and ff.; B. Bhattacharyya, Nispannayogavali, description of 26 mandala Abhayakaragupta text of the monastery Vikramasila, Gaekwad Oriental Series, CIX, Baroda, 1949). See A. Foucher, Etude sur-Phie I'lconogra bouddhique of I'lnde, vol. II (Paris, 1905), p. 8 and ff.; A. K. Cooman, WAMY, Elements of Buddhist Iconography (Cambridge-Harvard, 1938); M. W. de Visser, Ancient Buddhism in Japan (Paris, 1929), I, 159-175 jx:, L. Finot, Sanskrit manuscripts of Saddhanas (Journal Asiatique, Juhosetienibre 1934, p. 1-66), p. 13 ff., H. Zimmer und Yoga tm Kunstformen indischen KultbUd (Berlin, 1926), p. 54, 94, Paul Mus, Borobudur, I, p. 320; P. H. Pott, Yoga 1antra (Leiden, 1946); Hobogirin, III, p. 279 (chakuli, "choose the field"); E. Suzuki, Mandara (Eastern Buddhism, VII, May 1936), Chou Yi-Liang, Tantrism in China (Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. VIII, p. 241-332), p. 311-312, W. E. Clark, Two Lamaistic Pantheons (Cambridge: Harvard Univ Pr, 1937), I, p. XV-XVIII, Lin Li- Kouang, Punyodaya (Na-t'i) trantismo propagator of China and Cambodia in the epoch of Hiuan-tsang (Journal Asiatique, 1935, 2, p. 83-100). On the symbolism of the mandala and its relations with the symbolism of architectural, P. Mus, Borobudur, passim; G. Tucci, M symbolism arch'tttectonico dei tempi di Tibet Occidentale (Indus-Tibet III-IV, Rome, 1938), idem, Mc-od Hen and Ts'ao Ts'ao nel Tibet Indiano Occidentale ed. Contributo allo studio dell'arte e del suo Tibetan religious significance (Indus-Tibet l, Rome, 1932), on the symbolism of the temples circumambuiacion, Gisbert Combaz, L'evolution du stupa in Asia (Melanges chinois et bouddhiques, III, Brussels, 1935, p. 93-144), p. 124 and ff.; On the relationship between the symbolism of painted fabrics (leg) and the mandala, Marcelle Lalou, Iconogrophte des etoffes peintes (leg) in Manjusrimulakalpa \ Buddhica, VI, Paris, 1930). On the whole problem, see Giuseppe Tucei, Theory and practice of mandala (Rome, 1949). Focuses on symbolism, M. <strong>Eliade</strong>, Traite d'Hist Religi6n owe des (Paris, 1949), p. 321 et seq., Idem, Le Retour Mythede VEtemel (Paris, 1949), p. 30 et seq., Idem, Images et symboles (Paris, 1952), p. 47 et seq. On the psychological symbolism of the mandala, see C. G. Jung, one Alchemie Psichologie (Zurich, 1944), p. 139 et seq., Idem, Gestaltung des Unbewusten (Zurich, 1950), p. 187 et seq. Note VI, 8: About Hathayoga literature. See J. N. Farquhar, Outline of the Religious Literature of India (London, 1920), p. 384;
G. W. Briggs, Gorakhnath and the Kanphata Yogis (Calcutta, 1938), p. 251-258, Dr. Mohan Singh, Gorakhnatha and Mediaeval Hindu Mysticism (Lahore, 1937), p. 8 and sig. See also below, in this book, note VIII, 3. Numerous editions of Goragsasataka with commentaries (Goraksa Pad-dhati, etc.). Edition and Translation of Satake, by Briggs, cited, p. 284-303. About Gorasasamhita, see also Tucci, Animadversiones indicae, P. 134-136. Hathayogapradipika: edition with commentary glosses Brahmanarjda and Srdhara (Bombay, 1889, several editions) with German Translation in the collection Sacred Books of the Hindus, the numeration of the verses sometimes differs from one to another edition). Gheranda samhita: ed. Vasak Bhuvanana Chandra (Calcutta, 1877), trans, English by Chandra Vasu Rai Bahadur SIRS (Bombay, 1895, Allahabad, 1914, in the collection Sacred Books of the Hindus, Adyar, 1933), trans, German by Richard Schmidt, Fakir and Fakirtum in alten und und modem iridium (Berlin, 1908, 2nd ed, 1921). Sim samhita: ed. and trans, into English by SIRS Chandra Bahadur Rai Vidya-nanda (Lahore, 1884; REEDICION Allahabad, 1923, Sacred Books of the Hindus). It were a great many paragraphs of these three treaties in Theos Bernard, Hatha Yoga (Columbia UMV. Press, New York, 1944) and Alain Da-nielou, Yoga, the method of reintegration (London, 1949). See also H. Zimmer, Lehren des Hathayoga. Lehrtexte (Yoga, Erne International Zeitschrift, 1, p. 45-82). For interpretaci6n, in medical terms, anatomy and physiology tantric, see, among others, Major Basu, Hindu System of Medicine (pu-blished study at Guy's Hospital Gazette, 118, reprinted in part in the introduction to Sioa-samhita, Allahabad, 1923). Also R. Roeseler, Die Grundlagen der Psychologis-chen Yoga practice (Stuttgart, 1928), p. 39 et seq., Dr. V. Relay, The Mysterious Kundalini (Bombay, 1929). Scientific Observations on hathayoguis: Charles Lalbry and Therese Brosse, Documents sur les Indes aux recueiUis "Yogis" par I'enregistrement simultane du Poulsen, of the respiration et de I'electrocardiagramme (Presse Medicate, 83 TP, 14 Oct 1936). See also Hubert Risch, Le Hatha Yoga, the somaire Expose mithode, quelques experiences and applications Fisiològiques tner-peutiques (ThiseFaculte of Medicine of Paris (1951); Jean Filliozat, Les limites des pouvoirs humains dans I'lnde (VHumain Limits, Carmélitaines Etudes, 1953, p. 23-38) with additional references and footnotes. Note VI, 9: Cakra, adhara, etc.. For the doctrine of the cakra: Satcakranirupana et Padukapancaka (ed. trans, into English by Sir John Woodroffe, The Serpent Power, 3rd ed., Madras-London, 1941); Kulamava Tantra (ed. Taranatha Vidyaratna, Tantrik Texts, Vol . V, London, 1917), chap. VIII; Goraksasataka (Poona edition, reprinted by Briggs, Goraknath and the Kanphata Yogis, Calcutta, Oxford, p. 284-304). About adhara, see Briggs, op cit, p. 317 et seq. Description and interpretation of the cakra in J. Evola, The Yoga della Potenza, P. 311 et seq. Recall that hesychasts tradition (see p. 71) distinguishes, according to some authors, four "centers" "concentration and prayer: V>) middle frontal cranial brain (locahzado in the region between the eyebrows), 29 central bucco-laryngeal (co-sponding to the "most common thought: the intelligence that is expressed in conversation, correspondence and in the early stages of prayer" A. Bloom), 3 ') pectoral center (located at the top and mid-chest. "Stability of thought, and
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Mircea Eliade YOGA IMMORTALITY AND
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established in Europe and America.
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and human suffering, though in gene
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the heart of the thinking in-given:
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access to a mode not profane and ha
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precise moment that the last I've f
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(Bhamati, ed. Jivanandn -Vidyasagar
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etween ego and intelligence: is a y
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procession") under review. Other te
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psychic experience as a simple proc
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action that part of the illusion (i
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to be is-clavizado, I want the rele
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solution of the Samkhya rejects the
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groups, species and varieties of "s
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ditions is consistent both heredity
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latencies constitutes both his "sui
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deprived of sexual acts, but to bur
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and Fix your gaze on the tip of the
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them to make some inspirations to r
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influence of Tantric Yoga: Certain
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the sin which had swallowed above .
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of the fetus in the womb. "On retur
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you get the "meditation yogi," the
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dialectic of liberation where their
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The hypnotic trance is certainly me
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achieved by the concentration and m
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fellows, because from the moment th
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ealms (in the Brahmaloka) and yogis
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asamprajnata by devotion to God (YS
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us, 10 that a number of yogic and t
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and beliefs "popular." In such a wa
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10; Vratya, P. 291. For the five rh
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sacrifice with the techniques of ec
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The texts quoted above refer, undou
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dharma" (Mono, I, 98); "wise men ar
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goes alia of death, there is anothe
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Yoga in MAJTRl UPANISAD We consider
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co-razon, neck and head. Each of th
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description ii Furthermore, tantric
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among the "powers" (III, 9, 1). The
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VIII, 7, fin). This category ermita
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In the texts are quite often lists
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encyclopedia of visnuista trend acc
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in the transformation of the Epic i
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which are echoed in the interpolati
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sacrifice themselves (which constit
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the best and most recommended is th
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salt-varemos us dying for this secu
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ditaci6n: fully assimilate the "tru
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eyond the region of the infinity of
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language are the passions, namely t
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ecomes one, and so on. (■ •.) T
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valuable," which know ',' re-cord w
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yoga techniques. According to the r
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Ajivika, as well as the whole of In
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le. The translator, Woodward mentio
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concentrates, and in a way represen
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distinct names of deities-ing my pe
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Carya), this being the best-duca (a
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girls, and those cosmogo-chain theo
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gnostico revaluing depth liturgy ar
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condition for further experiments.
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The mandala takes the same symbolis
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the exemplary gesture of the Buddha
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"conscience" (or in some cases tran
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Bernard, Hatha Yoga, p. 15 ff.) . T
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VI, 8). But just read the texts car
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"Smiling like a garland of lightnin
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elation with the element Fire, the
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The awakening of the kundalini caus
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Briggs, op. Cit. 302) as well as th
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activity of these two subtle veins.
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( soman), especially vama-Devy (mel
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tantric) is well known. The more de
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and his mouth gathers this lection
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Prcdipika, III, 88, etc.).. In thes
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and temporal experience of yogui.48
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are other quite different from thos
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* According reinheid Miiller and vo
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place sanio. As in the other treati
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... The white hair turn black, fall
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than being made in the laboratory,
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is L. Massignon, Al HaUaj, MartuTmy
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know because the paper des-empefiad
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festivities "of station" and the or
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The number 84 does not correspond t
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Matsyendranatha AND THE MYTH OF THE
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the clouds-hill (or that the Naga d
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mahajnana (the secrets of Yoga) tha
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Yoga and Shamanism We noticed sever
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as called three times without re-CI
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initiation, it reveals certain expe
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The Brahmanic sacrificer ascends to
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