Dairy Sheep Symposium - the Department of Animal Sciences ...

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References Anonymous. 1993. E. coli outbreaks may lead to warnings on Oregon raw milk. Food Chem. News, Nov. 22, 1993: pp. 62-65. Anonymous. 1995. Wisconsin TB case is no cause for alarm. Hoard’s Dairyman 140: 588. Anonymous. 1998. Food labeling: warning and notice statement: labeling of juice products: final rule. Fed. Regist. 63: 37030-37056. Donnelly, C.W. 2001. Update on the Cheese of Choice Coalition. Ann. Mtg. Of American Cheese Society, Louisville, KY, Aug. 3, 2001. Durch, J., T. Ringhand, K. Manner, M. Barnett, M. Proctor, S. Ahrabi-Fard, J. Davis, and D. Boxrud. 2000. Outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infection associated with eating fresh cheese curds-Wisconsin, June 1998. MMWR October 13, 2000/49(40); 911-913. Ingham, S., A. Larson, M. Smukowski, K. Houck, E. Johnson, M. Johnson, R. Bishop. 1997. Potential uses of microbiological testing in cheese plant HACCP and quality assurance systems. Dairy, Food and Environ. Sanitation 17: 774-780. Institute of Food Science and Technology. 2000. Position statement on food safety and cheese. http://www.ifst.org/hottop15.htm International Dairy Federation. 1980. Behaviour of pathogens in cheese. IDF Bulletin 122. IDF, Brussels, Belgium. Jayarao, B.M., and D.R. Henning. 1999. Pathogenic bacteria of human health significance in farm bulk tank milk. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (Suppl. 1): 22. Johnson, E.A., J.H. Nelson, and M. Johnson. 1990. Microbiological safety of cheese made from heat-treated milk, Part I. Executive summary, introduction and history. J. Food Prot. 53: 441- 452. McManus, C., and J.M. Lanier. 1987. Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, and Yersinia enterocolitica in raw milk. J. Food Prot. 50: 51-54. Pritchard, T.J., C.W. Donnelly, J.W. Pankey Jr. and P. Murdough. 1997. On-farm HACCP: Prevalence of bacterial pathogens in raw milk. Paper 25-9, 1997 IFT Ann. Mtg., Orlando, FL, Inst. Food Technol., Chicago, IL. Reitsma, C.J. and D.R. Henning. 1996. Survival of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7 during the manufacture and curing of Cheddar cheese. J. Food Prot. 59:460-464. Ryser, E.T. 1998. Public health concerns In Applied Dairy Microbiology, E.H. Marth and J.L. Steele (eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. Steele, M.L., W.B. McNab, C. Poppe, M.W. Griffiths, S. Chen, S.A. Degrandis, L.C. Fruhner, C.A. Larkin, J.A. Lynch, and J.A. Odumeru. 1997. Survey of Ontario bulk tank raw milk for food-borne pathogens. J. Food Prot. 60: 1341-1346. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. 2001. HHS and USDA release Listeria risk assessment and Listeria action plan. http://www.usda.gov/news/releases/2001/01/0020.htm U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. April 5, 1999. Retail Food and Interstste Travel Team (RFITT) Letters. Aged Hard Cheeses. http:// vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~ear/rflhrdch.html U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration. 2000. Part 133 – Cheeses and related cheese products. CFR Title 21, Food and Drugs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20408.
THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP DAIRY INDUSTRY: HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS AND RESEARCH INITIATIVES Roberta Bencini Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia Introduction Australia has a large ethnic population of European origin and imports some $8 million worth of sheep milk products every year (Dawe and Langford, 1987). About 8,000 tons per year of sheep milk products could find a market in Australia and to match this demand 250,000 ewes would have to be milked in 100-150 dairies (Dawe, 1990). Sheep dairying is not completely new for Australia: between 1963 and 1975 two sheep dairies operated in Victoria and in 1972 Peter Tavella started a sheep dairy and a cheese factory at Leeton, New South Wales (Dawe and Langford, 1987). In the same area, also S.T. Dawe and C.M. Langford were researching on sheep dairying at the Leeton Research Station of the Department of Agriculture. The lack of interest and the wrong economic environment caused, according to Dawe (1990), the unsuccessful outcome of the Tavella enterprise. In 1985 an export market for 4-6 week old lambs was established with Italy, and this revived the sheep dairy industry (Dawe, 1990). However, due to organisational problems the suckling lamb market failed (S.T. Dawe, Pers. comm.). Jumbuck Dairy operated very successfully between 1989 and 1993. A decision to move their operations to new South wales turned out to be fatal for the company (I. Temby, Pers. comm.). The Australian sheep milking industry is still relatively small, but it is growing. In 1987 there were only five sheep dairies operating in Australia. This number has now risen to 20 dairies mainly concentrated in Victoria, milking a total of 5000 to 10000 ewes. At the moment, returns from sheep milk are about $100-150 per ewe per year, which is high if compared with the traditional production of wool and prime lambs. However, there are high costs associated with the purchase of the milking machinery, with the milking operations and with the rearing of the lambs, which make the milking of sheep barely profitable. Sheep milking has a distinctive advantage over other new animal industries: sheep farmers would not need to change much of the infrastructure because they would be still farming the same animals, and little new expertise would also be required. Sheep milk has high farm gate returns of 1.20-1.50/litre and there are local and export markets for sheep milk products. The recent GATT agreement should stop the EEC from protecting their sheep milk products, so that Australia will have a chance to compete on the international market (Bencini and Dawe, 1998). Despite this, the sheep milking industry is still in its infancy and many sheep dairies have appeared and disappeared over time. Three major reasons for this were identified at The University of Western Australia where we have been conducting research to address these problems for the last 10 years. These are outlined below. 170
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Proceedings of the 7 th Great Lakes
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 7 TH GREAT LAK
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Thursday, November 1 Noon Registrat
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SPEAKERS Dr. Juan-José Arranz, Dpt
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Table of Contents (continued) Lates
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eeding and were created to have hig
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Disease in the U.K. and subsequentl
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sheep production conditions in Wisc
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Pinelli, F., P. A. Oltenacu, G. Ian
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Bucket milking and elevated platfor
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Throughputs in different parlors No
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1 - Stand up as straight as possibl
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Roques J.L.. 1997. Traite des brebi
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Grade B milk quality is as follows:
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(c) Not Applicable (d) At least 10
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TOILET AND WATER SUPPLY 7. Toilet (
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(c) Drugs and medicinals shall be l
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FARMSTEAD CHEESE AND MARKETING Stev
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5. Cheese is delivered in person, w
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to participate with us, we are enga
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The key points to this plan were: Y
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Milk is supplied in two major forms
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MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY SHEEP OPERATI
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4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Chart 1: Mi
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Facilities and Equipment The requir
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from the ewes at 12 to 24 hours of
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COMPARISON OF EAST FRIESIAN AND LAC
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two-year-olds in 2001. East Friesia
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Reproduction. Table 4 compares the
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six ewes were sired by Lacaune ram
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FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF EW
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Sheep Genetic factors breed and gen
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Genetic factors The breed and genot
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Physiological factors affecting she
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Management factors affecting the qu
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sheep with one peak of milk ejectio
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An important aspect of dietary fibr
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References Alais C. (1974). Science
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Bufano G., Dario C. and Laudadio V.
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Cowan R.T., Robinson J.J., McHattie
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Folman Y., Volcani R. and Eyal E. (
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Kalantzopoulos G. (1994). Influence
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McHattie I., Fraser C., Thompson J.
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Peart J.N. (1970). The influence of
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Ranieri M.S. (1993). La variazione
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Treacher T.T. (1970). Effects of nu
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EVALUATION OF SENSORY AND CHEMICAL
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ing, the cheeses were brined for 18
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The FFA concentrations generally in
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Table 1. Composition of pasteurized
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Table 6. Body and texture scores 1
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Present Development of Selection Sc
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Breed Usage in Europe Crossbreeding
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nearly 1. As a consequence this cha
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Table 5. Repeatabilities and phenot
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percentage is not expected to resul
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Improved AI technique Artificial in
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Identifying major genes or QTL rela
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Figure 5. Half-sib families and QTL
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In the case of cheese the problem i
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Emanuelson, U., Danell, B., Philips
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Rothschild, M. F., Soller, M. (1997
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teat placement in dairy ewes (Fern
Page 128 and 129: that of the average milking time. M
Page 130 and 131: 1988) and active expulsion of fat f
Page 132 and 133: References Barillet, F., and F. Boc
Page 134 and 135: Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
Page 136 and 137: Table 3. Simulation of parlor throu
Page 138 and 139: EFFECT OF REDUCING THE FREQUENCY OF
Page 140 and 141: Individual ewe milk production (mor
Page 142 and 143: dimanche soir sur les brebis de rac
Page 144 and 145: A B A Morning milk yield, kg B Adj.
Page 146 and 147: Background and History: Most sheep
Page 148 and 149: Percent 100 80 60 40 20 0 87 Effect
Page 150 and 151: Fall Lambing Percentage 100 90 80 7
Page 152 and 153: THE EFFECT OF GROWTH RATE ON MAMMAR
Page 154 and 155: After puberty, the mammary gland re
Page 156 and 157: Many trials have examined the mamma
Page 158 and 159: From these results the authors conc
Page 160 and 161: Onset of Puberty and Reproductive P
Page 162 and 163: Similarly, calves, heifers, and cow
Page 164 and 165: McCann, M. A., Goode, L., Harvey, R
Page 166 and 167: DISCUSSION Stability of Frozen Raw
Page 168 and 169: analyzed for titratable acidity, sy
Page 170: 411-416. Wendorff, W.L. 1998. Updat
Page 175 and 176: Recent Outbreaks involving Cheddar
Page 177: testing on raw milk at the farm. Th
Page 181 and 182: The University of Western Australia
Page 183 and 184: Heterosis did not seem to intervene
Page 185 and 186: Lambs The problem of weaning lambs
Page 187 and 188: GROUP BREEDING SCHEME: A FEASIBLE S
Page 189 and 190: Where: h = square root of heritabil
Page 191 and 192: Second step. All members enroll in
Page 193 and 194: The structure and movement of anima
Page 195 and 196: CAN THE OVARY INFLUENCE MILK PRODUC
Page 197 and 198: dividing the amount of milk obtaine
Page 199 and 200: the CL there were significant diffe
Page 201 and 202: etween milkings. Finally, this woul
Page 203 and 204: Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
Page 205 and 206: A Daily milk yield (kg) A B Milk fl
Page 207 and 208: Progesterone (ng/ml) 8 6 4 2 0 CLY:
Page 209 and 210: milk volume within the cistern (Mar
Page 211 and 212: Results Treatment milk yield increa
Page 213 and 214: Reports in dairy cattle concerning
Page 215 and 216: Muir, D.D., D.S. Horne, A.J.R. Law,
Page 217 and 218: Milk yield (kg) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6
Page 219 and 220: A Milk protein (%) A A Milk protein
Page 221 and 222: TAPPE FARM TOUR Jon & Kris Tappe, T
Page 223: a little special attention every da
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