Dairy Sheep Symposium - the Department of Animal Sciences ...

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McCann, M. A., Goode, L., Harvey, R. W., Caruolo, E. V., and D. L. Mann. Effects of rapid weight gain to puberty on reproduction, mammary development, and lactation in ewe lambs. Theriogenology. 32:55-68. McFadden, T. B., Daniel, T. E., and R. M. Akers. 1990. Effects of plane of nutrition, growth hormone, and unsaturated fat on mammary growth in prepubertal lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 68:3171-3179. Purup, S., Vestergaard, J., and Sejrsen, K. 2000. Involvement of growth factors in the regulation of pubertal mammary growth in cattle. Adv. Exp. Med. 480:27-43. Sejrsen, K. and Purup, S. 1997. Influence of prepubertal feeding level on milk yield potential of dairy heifers: a review. J. Anim. Sci. 75:828-835. Sejrsen, K., Huber, J.T., and H. A. Tucker. 1983. Influence of amount fed on hormone concentrations and their relationship to mammary growth in heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 66:845-855. Sejrsen, K., Huber, J.T., Tucker, H. A., and R. M. Akers. 1982. Influence of nutrition on mammary development in pre- and postpubertal heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 65:793-800. Sejrsen, K., Purup, S., Vestergaard, J., and Foldager, J. 2000. High body weight gain and reduced bovine mammary growth: physiological basis and implications for milk yield potential. Dom. Anim. Endocrin. 19:93-104. Sejrsen, K., Purup, S., Vestergaard, J., Weber, M.S., and Knight, C. H. 1999. Growth hormone and mammary development. Dom. Anim. Endocrin. 17:117-129. Sinha, Y. N. and H. A. Tucker. 1969. Mammary development and pituitary prolactin level of heifers from birth through puberty and during oestrous cycle. J. Dairy Sci. 52:507-512. Stelwagen, K. and D. G. Grieve. 1990. Effect of plane of nutrition on growth and mammary gland development in Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2333-2341. Umberger, S. H., Goode, L., Caruolo, E. V., Harvey, R. W., Britt, J. H., and A. C. Linnerud. Effects of accelerated growth during rearing on reproduction and lactation in ewes lambing at 13 to 15 months of age. Theriogenology. 23:555-564. Weber, M. S., Purup, S., Vestergaard, M., Ellis, S., Sendergard-Andersen, J., Akers, R.M., and Sejrsen, K. 1999. Contribution of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 to mitogenic activity in bovine mammary extracts and serum. J. Endocrinol. 161:365- 373.
EFFECT OF FREEZING ON MILK QUALITY W.L. Wendorff * and S.L. Rauschenberger Department of Food Science University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706 Madison, Wisconsin Abstract Raw whole ovine (sheep) milk was frozen at -15°C and -27°C and microbiological and physico-chemical properties were evaluated periodically. Total bacteria decreased at a faster rate in milk stored at -15°C than at -27°C. Acid degree values for milk stored at -15°C were significantly higher than that stored at -27°C. Samples stored at -15°C exhibited protein destabilization after 6 months of storage while those stored at -27°C were stable throughout the 12 month storage period. Frozen ovine milk was evaluated in several products including cheese and yogurt. Yogurt produced from milk frozen at -27°C exhibited good sensory and functional characteristics while that produced from milk frozen at -12°C for 3 mo or more exhibited poor gel strength. (Key words: ovine, sheep, milk, freezing, whey) Introduction The U.S. dairy sheep industry is still in the early stages of development. In the mid-1980’s, Dr. Boylan of the University of Minnesota conducted a number of studies in the hopes of helping promote a dairy sheep industry in the U.S. (Boylan, 1984, Boylan, 1986). Working with cheese researchers at the University of Minnesota, they evaluated the potential for producing Feta, Manchego, and Bleu cheese from ovine milk (Boylan, 1986). Additional developmental work in the upper Midwest was conducted by Dr. Steinkamp of LaPaysanne, Inc. (Steinkamp, 1994). The first commercial dairy sheep flocks were established about 10 years ago and their numbers have grown to approximately 100 at the present time. In 1996, the University of Wisconsin-Madison accepted the mission of furthering research on dairy sheep production and management. Since then, Dr. David Thomas of the Animal Sciences Department and Yves Berger of the UW Agricultural Research Stations have been conducting extensive research on the genetics and management systems impacting ovine milk production (Thomas et al., 1999, 2000). Research on handling and processing ovine milk has also been conducted by faculty within the University of Wisconsin Food Science Department (Casper et al., 1998, 1999; Ha and Lindsay, 1991; Jaeggi et al., 2000; Kilic, 1999; Ponce de Leon-Gonzalez, 1999; Rauschenberger et al., 2000; Wendorff, 1998, 2001). With seasonal production and low levels of milk production per ewe, raw milk typically is frozen at the farm until sufficient quantities are accrued for further processing. In the first several years of ovine milk production in Wisconsin, commercial cheese plants experienced some problems with milk quality and stability with frozen raw ovine milk supplied by the dairy sheep cooperative. Some of our research studies concentrated on the projected shelf-life of the frozen raw ovine milk and factors impacting raw milk quality during frozen storage. This paper will review factors affecting quality of frozen raw ovine milk and impacts on processed products produced from frozen milk.
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Proceedings of the 7 th Great Lakes
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 7 TH GREAT LAK
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Thursday, November 1 Noon Registrat
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SPEAKERS Dr. Juan-José Arranz, Dpt
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Table of Contents (continued) Lates
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eeding and were created to have hig
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Disease in the U.K. and subsequentl
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sheep production conditions in Wisc
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Pinelli, F., P. A. Oltenacu, G. Ian
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Bucket milking and elevated platfor
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Throughputs in different parlors No
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1 - Stand up as straight as possibl
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Roques J.L.. 1997. Traite des brebi
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Grade B milk quality is as follows:
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(c) Not Applicable (d) At least 10
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TOILET AND WATER SUPPLY 7. Toilet (
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(c) Drugs and medicinals shall be l
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FARMSTEAD CHEESE AND MARKETING Stev
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5. Cheese is delivered in person, w
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to participate with us, we are enga
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The key points to this plan were: Y
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Milk is supplied in two major forms
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MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY SHEEP OPERATI
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4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Chart 1: Mi
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Facilities and Equipment The requir
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from the ewes at 12 to 24 hours of
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COMPARISON OF EAST FRIESIAN AND LAC
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two-year-olds in 2001. East Friesia
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Reproduction. Table 4 compares the
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six ewes were sired by Lacaune ram
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FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF EW
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Sheep Genetic factors breed and gen
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Genetic factors The breed and genot
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Physiological factors affecting she
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Management factors affecting the qu
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sheep with one peak of milk ejectio
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An important aspect of dietary fibr
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References Alais C. (1974). Science
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Bufano G., Dario C. and Laudadio V.
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Cowan R.T., Robinson J.J., McHattie
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Folman Y., Volcani R. and Eyal E. (
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Kalantzopoulos G. (1994). Influence
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McHattie I., Fraser C., Thompson J.
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Peart J.N. (1970). The influence of
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Ranieri M.S. (1993). La variazione
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Treacher T.T. (1970). Effects of nu
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EVALUATION OF SENSORY AND CHEMICAL
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ing, the cheeses were brined for 18
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The FFA concentrations generally in
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Table 1. Composition of pasteurized
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Table 6. Body and texture scores 1
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Present Development of Selection Sc
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Breed Usage in Europe Crossbreeding
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nearly 1. As a consequence this cha
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Table 5. Repeatabilities and phenot
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percentage is not expected to resul
Page 114 and 115: Improved AI technique Artificial in
Page 116 and 117: Identifying major genes or QTL rela
Page 118 and 119: Figure 5. Half-sib families and QTL
Page 120 and 121: In the case of cheese the problem i
Page 122 and 123: Emanuelson, U., Danell, B., Philips
Page 124 and 125: Rothschild, M. F., Soller, M. (1997
Page 126 and 127: teat placement in dairy ewes (Fern
Page 128 and 129: that of the average milking time. M
Page 130 and 131: 1988) and active expulsion of fat f
Page 132 and 133: References Barillet, F., and F. Boc
Page 134 and 135: Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
Page 136 and 137: Table 3. Simulation of parlor throu
Page 138 and 139: EFFECT OF REDUCING THE FREQUENCY OF
Page 140 and 141: Individual ewe milk production (mor
Page 142 and 143: dimanche soir sur les brebis de rac
Page 144 and 145: A B A Morning milk yield, kg B Adj.
Page 146 and 147: Background and History: Most sheep
Page 148 and 149: Percent 100 80 60 40 20 0 87 Effect
Page 150 and 151: Fall Lambing Percentage 100 90 80 7
Page 152 and 153: THE EFFECT OF GROWTH RATE ON MAMMAR
Page 154 and 155: After puberty, the mammary gland re
Page 156 and 157: Many trials have examined the mamma
Page 158 and 159: From these results the authors conc
Page 160 and 161: Onset of Puberty and Reproductive P
Page 162 and 163: Similarly, calves, heifers, and cow
Page 166 and 167: DISCUSSION Stability of Frozen Raw
Page 168 and 169: analyzed for titratable acidity, sy
Page 170: 411-416. Wendorff, W.L. 1998. Updat
Page 175 and 176: Recent Outbreaks involving Cheddar
Page 177 and 178: testing on raw milk at the farm. Th
Page 179 and 180: THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP DAIRY INDUSTRY
Page 181 and 182: The University of Western Australia
Page 183 and 184: Heterosis did not seem to intervene
Page 185 and 186: Lambs The problem of weaning lambs
Page 187 and 188: GROUP BREEDING SCHEME: A FEASIBLE S
Page 189 and 190: Where: h = square root of heritabil
Page 191 and 192: Second step. All members enroll in
Page 193 and 194: The structure and movement of anima
Page 195 and 196: CAN THE OVARY INFLUENCE MILK PRODUC
Page 197 and 198: dividing the amount of milk obtaine
Page 199 and 200: the CL there were significant diffe
Page 201 and 202: etween milkings. Finally, this woul
Page 203 and 204: Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
Page 205 and 206: A Daily milk yield (kg) A B Milk fl
Page 207 and 208: Progesterone (ng/ml) 8 6 4 2 0 CLY:
Page 209 and 210: milk volume within the cistern (Mar
Page 211 and 212: Results Treatment milk yield increa
Page 213 and 214: Reports in dairy cattle concerning
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Muir, D.D., D.S. Horne, A.J.R. Law,
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Milk yield (kg) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6
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A Milk protein (%) A A Milk protein
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TAPPE FARM TOUR Jon & Kris Tappe, T
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a little special attention every da
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