Dairy Sheep Symposium - the Department of Animal Sciences ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CHOICE OF BREED FOR DAIRY SHEEP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS David L. Thomas Department of Animal Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin Few decisions can have as much influence on the success of a dairy sheep enterprise as the decision as to which breed should be milked. The establishment and operation of a dairy sheep farm requires a greater investment of both money and labor compared to establishment and operation of a farm for only meat and wool production. Therefore, a breed or breeds of sheep need to be chosen that can produce enough additional product (milk, meat, and wool) to justify the increased costs of establishment and operation. Common Breeds in North America Prior to 1992 Commercial sheep production in North America has been based on the production of meat and wool from the very beginnings of the industry, with meat production much more important than wool production. Therefore, selection emphasis has been on traits that result in more efficient production of meat (e.g. litter size, growth rate, mature size) and wool (e.g. fleece weight, fleece quality). Adequate milk production and udder health are important traits so that ewes have enough milk to successfully raise two or three lambs. Indirect selection for increased milk production has been through selection for heavy lamb weaning weights, and ewes are often culled for low milk production, estimated from low lamb weaning weights or ewe udder size, or presence of udder disease. These selection criteria have probably resulted in some, but relatively small amounts, of genetic improvement over time for milk production. Dr. William Boylan and his students at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul were the first research group in North America to compare several North American breeds of sheep for milk production in a dairy production setting (Boylan et al., 1991; Sakul and Boylan, 1992a; Sakul and Boylan, 1992b; Boylan, 1995). Results presented in two of their studies are reproduced in Table 1. Ewes were milked twice per day for approximately 120 days following the weaning of their lambs at approximately 30 days postpartum. Milk yields are for the machine-milking period. Averages for all ewes across the two studies were 138 lb. for milk yield, 6.6% for milk fat percentage, and 5.8% for milk protein percentage. Average daily milk yields were approximately 1.15 lb. per day over the 120-day lactation period. Romanov ewes had the lowest milk yields in both studies, and Finnsheep and Lincoln ewes had the second or third lowest milk yields in the two studies. Romanov and Finnsheep are the most prolific of the breeds found in North America and have the greatest need for high milk production for lamb rearing, but it appears that this need has not resulted in high genetic value for milk yield. In the first study (Sakul and Boylan, 1992a), Suffolk, Targhee, and Dorset ewes had above average milk yields and the Rambouillet ewes were close to average. In the second study (Boylan, 1995), two additional breeds, the Outaouais and Rideau, were added. These two breeds were created by Ag Canada at the Agricultural Research Center – Ottawa by the crossing of several breeds. Both breeds contain a large proportion of Finnsheep
eeding and were created to have high levels of prolificacy. In addition, the Rideau contains about 14% East Friesian breeding. East Friesian is a dairy sheep breed from northern Europe. The Rideau ewes exceeded all other breed groups for milk yield and produced 31% more milk than the average of all breeds. The high relative performance of the Rideau demonstrates the value of even a small amount of dairy sheep breeding. Table 1. Lactation performance of several breeds raised for meat and wool in North America a Breed Number Milk yield, lb Fat, % Protein, % Dorset 28 (14) 153.3 (134.2) 6.3 (6.3) 6.1 (5.7) Finnsheep 31 (23) 138.6 (96.8) 5.6 (6.1) 5.4 (5.5) Lincoln 31 (15) 137.5 (116.6) 6.2 (6.8) 5.7 (5.8) Outaouais -- (18) ------ (118.8) --- (7.3) --- (6.1) Rambouillet 30 (14) 142.6 (143.0) 6.2 (6.6) 5.9 (6.1) Rideau -- (24) ------ (169.4) --- (6.6) --- (5.8) Romanov 18 (21) 112.2 (96.8) 6.6 (7.1) 6.0 (5.9) Suffolk 32 (17) 178.9 (151.8) 6.4 (6.7) 5.8 (5.9) Targhee 30 (15) 161.3 (136.4) 6.1 (6.9) 5.7 (5.9) Average 146.3 (129.3) 6.2 (6.7) 5.8 (5.9) a First number of each pair is from the paper of Sakul and Boylan, 1992a, and the second number of each pair (in parentheses) is from the paper of Boylan, 1995. Since there are over 40 recognized breeds of sheep in North America, the Minnesota studies evaluated less than one-quarter of possible breeds. However, the nine breeds evaluated represented most of the types of breeds available, e.g. finewools, longwools, medium wools, meat breeds, and prolific breeds, so the average production observed of 130 to 145 lb. of milk per lactation is probably very indicative of production levels to be expected from typical North American sheep. Milk production can be improved through selection. It has a heritability of approximately 30% (similar to the heritability for milk yield in dairy cattle). A within flock selection program for increased milk yield might be expected to increase milk yield by 1.0 to 1.5% per year (1.5 to 2.0 lb. per year) in ewes of domestic breeds. While genetic improvement should be an important component of any dairy sheep operation, it will take at least 30 years to take a domestic breed flock from an average milk production level of 140 lb. to 200 lb. using within flock selection alone. Foreign Dairy Breeds While the emphasis in North America has been on the efficient production of meat and wool from sheep, there are some areas of the world where milk production from sheep has been an important agricultural enterprise for hundreds of years. Countries with significant commercial dairy sheep industries are the countries of southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Greece, and Turkey), eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia), and the Middle East (Israel, Syria, Iran). In these areas, sheep breeds have been developed that have the genetic capability for high milk yields (Table 2).
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of the 7 th Great Lakes
Page 3 and 4: ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 7 TH GREAT LAK
Page 5 and 6: Thursday, November 1 Noon Registrat
Page 7 and 8: SPEAKERS Dr. Juan-José Arranz, Dpt
Page 9: Table of Contents (continued) Lates
Page 13 and 14: Disease in the U.K. and subsequentl
Page 15 and 16: sheep production conditions in Wisc
Page 17 and 18: Pinelli, F., P. A. Oltenacu, G. Ian
Page 19 and 20: Bucket milking and elevated platfor
Page 21 and 22: Throughputs in different parlors No
Page 23 and 24: 1 - Stand up as straight as possibl
Page 25 and 26: Roques J.L.. 1997. Traite des brebi
Page 27 and 28: Grade B milk quality is as follows:
Page 29 and 30: (c) Not Applicable (d) At least 10
Page 31 and 32: TOILET AND WATER SUPPLY 7. Toilet (
Page 33 and 34: (c) Drugs and medicinals shall be l
Page 35 and 36: FARMSTEAD CHEESE AND MARKETING Stev
Page 37 and 38: 5. Cheese is delivered in person, w
Page 39 and 40: to participate with us, we are enga
Page 41 and 42: The key points to this plan were: Y
Page 43 and 44: Milk is supplied in two major forms
Page 45 and 46: MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY SHEEP OPERATI
Page 47 and 48: 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Chart 1: Mi
Page 49 and 50: Facilities and Equipment The requir
Page 51 and 52: from the ewes at 12 to 24 hours of
Page 53 and 54: COMPARISON OF EAST FRIESIAN AND LAC
Page 55 and 56: two-year-olds in 2001. East Friesia
Page 57 and 58: Reproduction. Table 4 compares the
Page 59 and 60: six ewes were sired by Lacaune ram
Page 61 and 62:
FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF EW
Page 63 and 64:
Sheep Genetic factors breed and gen
Page 65 and 66:
Genetic factors The breed and genot
Page 67 and 68:
Physiological factors affecting she
Page 69 and 70:
Management factors affecting the qu
Page 71 and 72:
sheep with one peak of milk ejectio
Page 73 and 74:
An important aspect of dietary fibr
Page 75 and 76:
References Alais C. (1974). Science
Page 77 and 78:
Bufano G., Dario C. and Laudadio V.
Page 79 and 80:
Cowan R.T., Robinson J.J., McHattie
Page 81 and 82:
Folman Y., Volcani R. and Eyal E. (
Page 83 and 84:
Kalantzopoulos G. (1994). Influence
Page 85 and 86:
McHattie I., Fraser C., Thompson J.
Page 87 and 88:
Peart J.N. (1970). The influence of
Page 89 and 90:
Ranieri M.S. (1993). La variazione
Page 91 and 92:
Treacher T.T. (1970). Effects of nu
Page 93 and 94:
EVALUATION OF SENSORY AND CHEMICAL
Page 95 and 96:
ing, the cheeses were brined for 18
Page 97 and 98:
The FFA concentrations generally in
Page 99 and 100:
Table 1. Composition of pasteurized
Page 101:
Table 6. Body and texture scores 1
Page 104 and 105:
Present Development of Selection Sc
Page 106 and 107:
Breed Usage in Europe Crossbreeding
Page 108 and 109:
nearly 1. As a consequence this cha
Page 110 and 111:
Table 5. Repeatabilities and phenot
Page 112 and 113:
percentage is not expected to resul
Page 114 and 115:
Improved AI technique Artificial in
Page 116 and 117:
Identifying major genes or QTL rela
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 5. Half-sib families and QTL
Page 120 and 121:
In the case of cheese the problem i
Page 122 and 123:
Emanuelson, U., Danell, B., Philips
Page 124 and 125:
Rothschild, M. F., Soller, M. (1997
Page 126 and 127:
teat placement in dairy ewes (Fern
Page 128 and 129:
that of the average milking time. M
Page 130 and 131:
1988) and active expulsion of fat f
Page 132 and 133:
References Barillet, F., and F. Boc
Page 134 and 135:
Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
Page 136 and 137:
Table 3. Simulation of parlor throu
Page 138 and 139:
EFFECT OF REDUCING THE FREQUENCY OF
Page 140 and 141:
Individual ewe milk production (mor
Page 142 and 143:
dimanche soir sur les brebis de rac
Page 144 and 145:
A B A Morning milk yield, kg B Adj.
Page 146 and 147:
Background and History: Most sheep
Page 148 and 149:
Percent 100 80 60 40 20 0 87 Effect
Page 150 and 151:
Fall Lambing Percentage 100 90 80 7
Page 152 and 153:
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH RATE ON MAMMAR
Page 154 and 155:
After puberty, the mammary gland re
Page 156 and 157:
Many trials have examined the mamma
Page 158 and 159:
From these results the authors conc
Page 160 and 161:
Onset of Puberty and Reproductive P
Page 162 and 163:
Similarly, calves, heifers, and cow
Page 164 and 165:
McCann, M. A., Goode, L., Harvey, R
Page 166 and 167:
DISCUSSION Stability of Frozen Raw
Page 168 and 169:
analyzed for titratable acidity, sy
Page 170:
411-416. Wendorff, W.L. 1998. Updat
Page 175 and 176:
Recent Outbreaks involving Cheddar
Page 177 and 178:
testing on raw milk at the farm. Th
Page 179 and 180:
THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP DAIRY INDUSTRY
Page 181 and 182:
The University of Western Australia
Page 183 and 184:
Heterosis did not seem to intervene
Page 185 and 186:
Lambs The problem of weaning lambs
Page 187 and 188:
GROUP BREEDING SCHEME: A FEASIBLE S
Page 189 and 190:
Where: h = square root of heritabil
Page 191 and 192:
Second step. All members enroll in
Page 193 and 194:
The structure and movement of anima
Page 195 and 196:
CAN THE OVARY INFLUENCE MILK PRODUC
Page 197 and 198:
dividing the amount of milk obtaine
Page 199 and 200:
the CL there were significant diffe
Page 201 and 202:
etween milkings. Finally, this woul
Page 203 and 204:
Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
Page 205 and 206:
A Daily milk yield (kg) A B Milk fl
Page 207 and 208:
Progesterone (ng/ml) 8 6 4 2 0 CLY:
Page 209 and 210:
milk volume within the cistern (Mar
Page 211 and 212:
Results Treatment milk yield increa
Page 213 and 214:
Reports in dairy cattle concerning
Page 215 and 216:
Muir, D.D., D.S. Horne, A.J.R. Law,
Page 217 and 218:
Milk yield (kg) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6
Page 219 and 220:
A Milk protein (%) A A Milk protein
Page 221 and 222:
TAPPE FARM TOUR Jon & Kris Tappe, T
Page 223:
a little special attention every da
show all

Dairy Sheep Symposium - the Department of Animal Sciences ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?