Dairy Sheep Symposium - the Department of Animal Sciences ...

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Present Development of Selection Schemes in Dairy Sheep In the last ICAR (International Committee for Animal Recording) congress held in Slovenia in 2000 a report of the working group on sheep milk recording was presented (Astruc and Barillet, 2000) whose milk recording results are shown in Table 1. For breeds with a relevant number of recorded flocks, milk yield is high for Lacaune, Sarda, Assaf and Valle del Belice. For the rest of the breeds, yield ranges are generally between 1 and 1.2 l/day. Table 1. Flocks and number of head under official milk recording and performances in the main European breeds (Elaborated from Astruc and Barillet, 2000) Breed Country Population size Recorded flocks Recorded ewes % of breed Milk yield (l) (length in days) * Assaf & Israel 46,200 17 10,950 23.7 Assaf: 320 [a] Awassi Awassi: 530 [a] ** Churra Spain 750,000 72 27,150 3.6 119 [ref:120] [a] Comisana Italy 750,000 724 101,220 13.5 176 [b] Corse France 100,000 71 16,942 16.9 108 (170) [b] Karagouniki Greece 210,000 258 17,750 8.5 Lacaune France 825,000 384 165,932 20.1 270 (165) [b] Latxa (Black Faced) Spain 277,400 166 61,747 22.3 126 [ref:120] [a] Latxa (Blond Faced) Spain 160,800 61 21,659 13.5 126 [ref:120] [a] Lesvos Greece 180,000 94 10,300 5.7 Manech & Basco- Bearnaise France 470,000 352 98,673 21.0 125 (141) [b] Manchega Spain 925,000 100 38,844 4.2 153 [ref:120] [a] Sarda Italy 4,700,000 1,168 195,610 4.2 193 [b] Tsigai Slovak Rep. 89,000 49 14,397 16.2 97 [b] Valachian Slovak Rep 118,000 68 25,257 21.4 105 [b] Valle del Belice Italy 60,000 365 48,229 80.4 188 [b] * [a] total milk yield, taking into account the milk consumed by the lamb; [b] milk yield during the milking period ** Only one flock recorded From Table 2 it can be seen that considerable investments are being made in selection, especially in France, Italy and Spain. Genetic responses per year for Spanish races have been estimated between 1 and 2% (Ugarte et al., 2001). Phenotypic responses are normally more important due to the general improvement in the management; for example in the Churra breed, the mean in 120 days lactation has increased from 100 to 120 litres in 12 years (from 1987 to 1998) for the whole population under recording (De la Fuente, 2001). In the Manchega breed the mean in total milk yield has increased from 147 to 166 between 1990 and 2000 (CERSYRA, 2001). For Latxa Black Faced the phenotypic response from 1987 to 2000 has been of 18 litres and for Latxa Blond Faced of 31 litres (Ugarte, 2000).
Table 2. Year of start, number of artificial inseminations (AI) per year and number of progenytested rams per year (elaborated from Astruc and Barillet, 2000) Breed Country Year of start AI per year (semen) Number of AI progeny-tested rams per year 40 Churra Spain 1985 3,183 (fresh) 11,052 (frozen) Corse France 1992 5,200 (fresh) 30 Lacaune France 1968 135,000 (fresh) 470 Latxa Spain 1984 20,588 (fresh) 84 Manchega Spain 1988 16,636 (fresh) 338 (frozen) 43 Manech & Basco-Bearnaise France 1977 53,000 (fresh) 190 Sarda Italy 1986 20,600 (fresh) 2,500 (frozen) 80 In Italy, the Sarda breed is having a genetic progress of 3-3.2 litres per year (Sanna et al., 2000). In this case the phenotypic trend is less: from 1985 to 1999 the milk yield of ewes had increased from 182 litres to 194 litres (milk yield during milking period). The responses in the Lacaune breed have been higher: from 1985 to 1999 the milk had increased by 84 litres (from 186 litres in 162 days to 270 litres in 165 days) and the genetic response is around 6 litres (2,4%) per year (Barillet et al., 2001). Most of the genetic programs are focused only on milk yield (Table 3; Barillet, 1997) and all of them use the same methodology for genetic evaluation. Table 3. Criteria of selection and method of genetic evaluation in European dairy sheep breeds (from Barillet, 1997) Breed Criteria of selection * Method of genetic evaluation Churra MY BLUP-AM Lacaune MY, FY, PY, FC,PC BLUP-AM Latxa MY BLUP-AM Manchega MY,FY,PY BLUP-AM Manech & Basco-Bearnaise MY BLUP-AM Sarda MY BLUP-AM * MY= milk yied; FY= fat yield; PY= protein yield; FC= fat content; PC= protein content These programs are expensive to run. The cost was evaluated in 1995 in the Latxa breed (Ugarte et al., 1995), with 8.38 Euro per head and year. Milk recording, in spite of being simplified (alternate recording) is the most costly operation, with more than 4 Euro per ewe and year, followed by the selection itself (purchase and keeping selected rams, hormonal treatments and AI). The milk recording cost of obtaining one calculated lactation (about 25% of lactations cannot be calculated because they do not comply with the rules) has recently been estimated in the Manchega breed to be 5.3 Euro (Montoro, 2001). This means that the cost of one head under recording is about 4 Euro, similar to the estimation in Latxa.
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Proceedings of the 7 th Great Lakes
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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 7 TH GREAT LAK
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Thursday, November 1 Noon Registrat
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SPEAKERS Dr. Juan-José Arranz, Dpt
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Table of Contents (continued) Lates
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eeding and were created to have hig
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Disease in the U.K. and subsequentl
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sheep production conditions in Wisc
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Pinelli, F., P. A. Oltenacu, G. Ian
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Bucket milking and elevated platfor
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Throughputs in different parlors No
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1 - Stand up as straight as possibl
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Roques J.L.. 1997. Traite des brebi
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Grade B milk quality is as follows:
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(c) Not Applicable (d) At least 10
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TOILET AND WATER SUPPLY 7. Toilet (
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(c) Drugs and medicinals shall be l
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FARMSTEAD CHEESE AND MARKETING Stev
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5. Cheese is delivered in person, w
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to participate with us, we are enga
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The key points to this plan were: Y
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Milk is supplied in two major forms
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MANAGEMENT OF A DAIRY SHEEP OPERATI
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4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Chart 1: Mi
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Facilities and Equipment The requir
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from the ewes at 12 to 24 hours of
Page 53 and 54: COMPARISON OF EAST FRIESIAN AND LAC
Page 55 and 56: two-year-olds in 2001. East Friesia
Page 57 and 58: Reproduction. Table 4 compares the
Page 59 and 60: six ewes were sired by Lacaune ram
Page 61 and 62: FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF EW
Page 63 and 64: Sheep Genetic factors breed and gen
Page 65 and 66: Genetic factors The breed and genot
Page 67 and 68: Physiological factors affecting she
Page 69 and 70: Management factors affecting the qu
Page 71 and 72: sheep with one peak of milk ejectio
Page 73 and 74: An important aspect of dietary fibr
Page 75 and 76: References Alais C. (1974). Science
Page 77 and 78: Bufano G., Dario C. and Laudadio V.
Page 79 and 80: Cowan R.T., Robinson J.J., McHattie
Page 81 and 82: Folman Y., Volcani R. and Eyal E. (
Page 83 and 84: Kalantzopoulos G. (1994). Influence
Page 85 and 86: McHattie I., Fraser C., Thompson J.
Page 87 and 88: Peart J.N. (1970). The influence of
Page 89 and 90: Ranieri M.S. (1993). La variazione
Page 91 and 92: Treacher T.T. (1970). Effects of nu
Page 93 and 94: EVALUATION OF SENSORY AND CHEMICAL
Page 95 and 96: ing, the cheeses were brined for 18
Page 97 and 98: The FFA concentrations generally in
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Composition of pasteurized
Page 101: Table 6. Body and texture scores 1
Page 106 and 107: Breed Usage in Europe Crossbreeding
Page 108 and 109: nearly 1. As a consequence this cha
Page 110 and 111: Table 5. Repeatabilities and phenot
Page 112 and 113: percentage is not expected to resul
Page 114 and 115: Improved AI technique Artificial in
Page 116 and 117: Identifying major genes or QTL rela
Page 118 and 119: Figure 5. Half-sib families and QTL
Page 120 and 121: In the case of cheese the problem i
Page 122 and 123: Emanuelson, U., Danell, B., Philips
Page 124 and 125: Rothschild, M. F., Soller, M. (1997
Page 126 and 127: teat placement in dairy ewes (Fern
Page 128 and 129: that of the average milking time. M
Page 130 and 131: 1988) and active expulsion of fat f
Page 132 and 133: References Barillet, F., and F. Boc
Page 134 and 135: Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
Page 136 and 137: Table 3. Simulation of parlor throu
Page 138 and 139: EFFECT OF REDUCING THE FREQUENCY OF
Page 140 and 141: Individual ewe milk production (mor
Page 142 and 143: dimanche soir sur les brebis de rac
Page 144 and 145: A B A Morning milk yield, kg B Adj.
Page 146 and 147: Background and History: Most sheep
Page 148 and 149: Percent 100 80 60 40 20 0 87 Effect
Page 150 and 151: Fall Lambing Percentage 100 90 80 7
Page 152 and 153: THE EFFECT OF GROWTH RATE ON MAMMAR
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After puberty, the mammary gland re
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Many trials have examined the mamma
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From these results the authors conc
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Onset of Puberty and Reproductive P
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Similarly, calves, heifers, and cow
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McCann, M. A., Goode, L., Harvey, R
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DISCUSSION Stability of Frozen Raw
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analyzed for titratable acidity, sy
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411-416. Wendorff, W.L. 1998. Updat
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Recent Outbreaks involving Cheddar
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testing on raw milk at the farm. Th
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THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP DAIRY INDUSTRY
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The University of Western Australia
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Heterosis did not seem to intervene
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Lambs The problem of weaning lambs
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GROUP BREEDING SCHEME: A FEASIBLE S
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Where: h = square root of heritabil
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Second step. All members enroll in
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The structure and movement of anima
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CAN THE OVARY INFLUENCE MILK PRODUC
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dividing the amount of milk obtaine
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the CL there were significant diffe
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etween milkings. Finally, this woul
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Table 1. Least squares means ± SEM
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A Daily milk yield (kg) A B Milk fl
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Progesterone (ng/ml) 8 6 4 2 0 CLY:
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milk volume within the cistern (Mar
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Results Treatment milk yield increa
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Reports in dairy cattle concerning
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Muir, D.D., D.S. Horne, A.J.R. Law,
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Milk yield (kg) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6
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A Milk protein (%) A A Milk protein
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TAPPE FARM TOUR Jon & Kris Tappe, T
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a little special attention every da
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