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4.1.1. Annual level There is a strong relationship between the annual geometric mean of the bulk SCC and the estimated prevalence of infected ewes, based on a decision rule considering an udder as infected if at least two individual SCC (iSCC) are higher than 1.2 million cells/ml. As shown in Figure 8, an annual bulk SCC of 650,000 cells/ml corresponds to a prevalence of 15 %. A change of 100,000 cells/ml of the annual bulk SCC reflects a 2 to 3% change in prevalence of infected ewes. Figure 8. Relationship between the annual geometric mean of bulk SCC and the estimated prevalence of IMI (from Berthelot et al. 2006) Estimated prelavence of infected ewes 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 4.1.2. Punctual level y = 0.0201x r2 = 0.7951 0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 Annual geometric mean of bulk SCC (x 1000 per ml) As shown in the Figure 9, the punctual SCC of the bulk milk reflects the repartition of SCC of the ewes: - for a tank SCC equal to 900,000 cells/ml, ewes with more than 1,000,000 cells/ml represent more than 75 % of the bulk cells but only 17 % of the production of milk, - for a tank SCC equal to 400,000 cells/ml, the SCC contribution is comparable but the milk contribution of the high SCC ewes is limited to 7% of the dairy production. Thus it is obvious that control of SCC has to focus on these “infected” ewes which are not so numerous (have a limited contribution to the milk production of the flock), but have a great contribution to bulk tank SCC and are an important source of IMI and reservoir of bacterial infections for healthy ewes. 48
Figure 9. Contribution to bulk tank milk or bulk tank cells from ewes with iSCC over 1,000,000, 2,500,000, 5,000,000 or 7,500,000 cells/ml when bulk tank SCC is 400,000 cells/ml or 900,000 cells/ml. % of ewe in the flock Bulk tank SCC : 400 000 cells/ml 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 4.2. Is it possible to control SCC? In France, the comparison of the evolution of annual SCC between Roquefort and Pyrenees areas gives an indirect positive answer to this question (Fig. 10). Figure 10. Evolution of the annual arithmetic mean of bulk SCC in the Pyrenees and the Roquefort area (Lagriffoul, 2005) SCC (*1 000 cells/ml ) 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 802 741 00 00 200 200 200 200 400 400 400 400 600 600 600 600 800 800 800 800 1000 1000 1000 1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3000 3000 3000 3000 4000 4000 4000 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000 6000 6000 6000 6000 7000 7000 7000 7000 CCSi (*1 1 % 000 of the cel/ml) milk 22 % of the cells 734 674 7 % of the milk 70 % of the cells 3 % of the milk 52 % of the cells 768 1.5 % of the milk 35 % of the cells 762 831 736 % of ewein % brebis the flock 848 707 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 During the period 1995/1997, the level of SCC was comparable in the two areas of production. During the last 10 past years, the average SCC of the Roquefort flocks dropped from 750,000 cells/ml to 500,000 cells/ml; a 33 % reduction. In the same time, there is no clear evolution of the average SCC in Pyrenees flocks. In the Roquefort area, SCC is one of the 49 Bulk tank SCC : 900 000 cells/ml 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 803 647 779 595 Pyrenees Roquefort area 778 556 17 % of the milk 78 % of the cells 00 00 00 200 200 200 200 200 200 400 400 400 400 400 400 600 600 600 600 600 600 800 800 800 800 800 800 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 7000 CCSi (*1 3 % 000 of the cel/ml) milk 35 % ofthe cells 832 566 9 % of the milk 63 % of the cells 5 % of the milk 48 % of the cells 824 590 858 516
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings of the 12 th Annual GRE
Page 3 and 4:
Symposium Organizing Committee Yves
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents (cont.) SHEPHERD
Page 7 and 8: Program of Events (cont.) Friday, N
Page 9 and 10: Gold: Sponsors Babcock Institute fo
Page 11 and 12: SHEEP DAIRY FARM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Page 13 and 14: 3) Recordkeeping a) Degrees of deta
Page 15 and 16: Out of this allocation, the Dairy B
Page 17 and 18: The original plan for Uplands was t
Page 19 and 20: Cheese As previously mentioned, Ple
Page 21 and 22: ORGANIC SHEEP DAIRY: MARKETS AND PR
Page 23 and 24: products that, especially combined
Page 25 and 26: Organic Milk Production Requirement
Page 27 and 28: To become certified, you must first
Page 29 and 30: ATTRA- the National Sustainable Agr
Page 31 and 32: 1.2. The average western Pyrenees d
Page 33 and 34: During the last 15 years, the avera
Page 35 and 36: The growth of the market of Pyrenee
Page 37 and 38: them tested for OPP using the cElis
Page 39 and 40: separate facilities and tested at 4
Page 41 and 42: • Neoplastic tumors Treatment •
Page 43 and 44: STRATEGIC CONTROL OF GASTRO-INTESTI
Page 45 and 46: C. Intestinal cestode parasites (ta
Page 47 and 48: Strategic Timing of Treatment Phase
Page 49 and 50: 1.2. IMI is the main factor influen
Page 51 and 52: 1.3. Use of SCC in order to detect
Page 53 and 54: within-day fluctuation (SCC level a
Page 55 and 56: expensive. But it is necessary to b
Page 57: The influence of high SCC on cheese
Page 61 and 62: Regarding the dynamics of the infec
Page 63 and 64: Figure 11. Evolution of the average
Page 65 and 66: Lafi S.Q. 2005. Use of somatic cell
Page 67 and 68: (Penning et al., 1988). Another stu
Page 69 and 70: Pre-grazing herbage mass (kg DM/ha)
Page 71 and 72: Table 2: Average test day milk prod
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4: Average test day milk fat
Page 75 and 76: lactation ewes (1.66 vs. 1.50 kg/d,
Page 77 and 78: Figure 6: Average change in body we
Page 79 and 80: esults, so an average pasture CP va
Page 81 and 82: Pulina, G. 2002. Dairy Sheep Feedin
Page 83 and 84: light treatments, when all ewes wer
Page 85 and 86: percentage protein (AgSource Milk L
Page 87 and 88: the difference was significant on o
Page 89 and 90: kg), fat (+ 3.0 kg), protein (+ 0.9
Page 91 and 92: Auchtung, T. L., A. G. Rius, P. E.
Page 93 and 94: site of a small settlement for seve
Page 95 and 96: Gonyou, HW and Stookey, JM. 1983. U
Page 97 and 98: SHEPHERD’S DAIRY Kim Curtis Ansel
Page 99 and 100: Breeds As I stated above, we starte
Page 101 and 102: Summary ARTISAN SHEEP MILK CHEESE J
Page 103 and 104: ACCURACY OF THE PORTASCC® MILK TES
Page 105 and 106: Correlation between laboratory resu
Page 107 and 108: CLOVER DALE SHEEP DAIRY John Henry
Page 109 and 110:
CARR VALLEY CHEESE - WISCONSIN’S
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101
Page 113 and 114:
We We We Welcome Welcome You You Yo
Page 115 and 116:
Hudson Valley Camemberts Pure Sheep
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107
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N681 Rollwood Road Antigo, WI 54409
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