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280 Gelu Nuţu and Ioan Băisan Table 2 Cutting force for cutting plant stems between nodes (in N) DROPIA CLASS FENDT JOHN NEW SEMA GLORIA DEERE HOLLAND Wheat 21.39-29.55 21.41-24.43 23.41-26.49 16.32-19.35 20.37-25.47 Soybean 64.18-83.54 38.71-67.24 46.05-58.09 45.85-59.11 41.77-51.97 Rapeseed 103-114 93.7-107 80.5-108 90.68-104 86.60-95.78 Sunflowers 178-191 153-170 142-154 126-138 153-168 Sorghum 137-167 106-136 133-160 149-166 132-173 Barley 9.18-11.22 5.04-8.16 6.8-10.20 7.14-8.89 5.10-9.18 Oats 6.16-10.22 3.06-6.08 4.04-8.12 8.20-11.24 5.16-8.55 Triticale 77-102 72.3-92.7 80.5-93.74 78.46-89.66 81.50-98.72 Peas 6.12-11.41 4.62-8.06 5.08-11.10 7.14-9.16 5.87-10.2 Beans 20.37-28.53 18.29-25.47 17.34-23.53 19.35-26.31 12.27-22.29 Corn 484-653 552-577 426-482 396-471 570-633 Table 3 Cutting force for cutting plant stems on the nodes (in N) DROPIA CLASS FENDT JOHN NEW SEMA GLORIA DEERE HOLLAND Wheat 65.20 68.26 62.15 61.13 61.45 Soybean 130.4 114.1 97.82 59.11 83.54 Rapeseed 131.4 125.3 138.5 137.5 129.3 Sunflowers 200.9 206.1 183.0 190.5 208.5 Sorghum 243.4 210.3 232.9 221.0 223.1 Barley 26.67 18.25 22.41 21.43 25.47 Oats 29.23 25.27 21.39 28.73 22.14 Triticale 131.81 112.74 95.78 109.22 101.88 Peas 23.43 14.20 17.26 18.30 21.39 Beans 52.99 55.10 45.85 49.93 62.30 Corn 752 814 620 674 727 From the analysis of experimental data can be seen that there is no a constructive type cutting blades or cutting device that records the minimum values of cutting force at all the cultures. So, at wheat, sunflower, triticale and corn the lowest values were recorded with JOHN DEERE blades type, at soybean, rapeseed and bean with NEW HOLLAND blades type , at sorghum, barley, oats, triticale and peas with CLASS blades type, while only on bean with FENDT blades type. It can be seen that the cutting blades model from romanian combines are not recorded cutting force values closer to the minimum in any one culture, which should lead for more attention of finding the corresponding solutions.
Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LVIII (LXII), f. 4, 2012 281 There have been the measurements of cutting force strains on the node, the values in Table 3 were obtained for the following node diameters: 4.74 mm for wheat, 3.02 mm at barley, 3.17 mm at oats, 6.93 mm at triticale, 4.92 mm at soybean, 3.45 mm at pea, 4.72 mm at beans, 11.56 mm at rapeseed, 22.68 mm for sunflower, 8.13 mm at sorghum and 31.02 mm for maize. So, for wheat the lowest values of cutting force is recorded at the JOHN DEERE and NEW HOLLAND blades type, at soybean, rapeseed, sorghum, oats and peas CLASS model, at sunflower oats, triticale and corn bean FENDT model, followed by JOHN DEERE model at soy, oats and corn. 4. Conclusions 1. Having regard to specific geometric characteristics of each type of cutting blades, in terms of width blade, sharpening angle and opening angle of the blade grained, one can say that there is no constructive alternative to record the minimum cutting force values for all the cultures studied. 2. On the basis of experimental data can be choosing a type of harvester for each crop, or a group of crops for which the values of the cutting force are minimum. 3. As regards of the process of cutting the stems, cutting blades from the romanian combines registered values not closer to the minimum in any of the cultures studied, and this must be investigated and find a solution to reduce cutting force levels comparable with the imported machinery. REFERENCES Bochat A., Identification of Quasi-static Cutting Force of Triticale-straws for Designing Use of Scissor and Finger Cutting Sets. Journal of Polish CIMAC, 4-3, 17-22 (2009). Neculaiasa V., Operaţii şi procese de lucru ale maşinilor agricole de recoltat. Ed. ,,Gheorghe Asachi”, Iaşi, 2002. CERCETĂRI PRIVIND TĂIEREA TULPINILOR VEGETALE CU APARATE DE TĂIERE DE LA COMBINELE DE RECOLTAT CEREALE (Rezumat) Se prezintă rezultatele experimentale obţinute la tăierea tulpinilor la 11 culturi agricole, cele mai importante în agricultura românească, folosind aparatelor de tăiere de tip cuţit deget din dotarea unor combine de recoltat cereale aflate în exploatare. Au fost studiate aparatele de tăiere de la combinele româneşti DROPIA, SEMA şi GLORIA, precum şi de la combinele CLASS, FENDT, JOHN DEERE şi NEW HOLLAND, pe un stand care a permis măsurarea forţei de tăiere a tulpinilor pe intervalul dintre noduri şi pe nod. Cu ajutorul unui traductor de forţă s-a măsurat forţa necesară tăierii tulpinilor la grâu, orz, ovăz, triticale, porumb, floarea-soarelui, mazăre, soia, fasole, sorg şi rapiţă, atât la tăierea între nodurile tulpinilor, cât şi la tăierea pe nod.
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