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256 Iona Ţenu et al. parts and wheels’ working parameters lea<strong>din</strong>g to soil degradation and compaction. In this context, correlations must be established between the wheels’ working parameters, soil compaction and the degradation level (Căproiu et al.,1973; Drăgan,1969; Neculăiasa,1971; Şandru et al.,1983), as well as the evaluation of the impact of the active parts on soil physical degradation indices. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a laboratory rig with soil bin was built in order to study the interaction of the active parts and wheels with the ground. 2. Material and Method The test rig (Fig. 1) consists of the frame of the soil bin (1), the soil bin (2) and the carriage (3), on which the tillage active part (6), the tyre wheel (7) and the compacting roller (8) are mounted; and at the end of the soil bin frame an electric cable drum is attached, in order to tow the carriage by the means of the cable (5). The electric cable drum consists of an electric motor (9), a cylindrical gear drive and a drum (10); the latter one operates the cable (5), which is towing the carriage (3). The towing cable ends (5) are connected to the carriage frame by the means of two strain gauge load cells (4), allowing the measurement of the traction force needed to displace the carriage or to drive the tyre wheel. An electric motor (12) is mounted on the carriage and also a cylindrical gear for driving the tyre wheel (7). The lifting screw mechanisms (13) are used in order to adjust the working depth of the active part (6). The screw mechanism (14) allows the adjustment of the wheel’s vertical position; the vertical position of the compacting roller is adjusted by means of the screw mechanism (15). The carriage levelling-compacting roller (8) is used in order to achieve a certain level of soil compaction before the operation of the tillage active part or before testing the tyre wheel. When the carriage is towed by the means of the cable and the electric motor (9), the tyre wheel (7) has a free rotation movement due to its interaction with the soil and allows the modelling of the wheel-ground interaction process for a driven tractor wheel. When the carriage is not towed by the means of the cable, movement is achieved due to the tyre wheel (7), which is driving the carraige: the wheel is driven by electric motor (12) through a cylindrical gear and a trapezoidal belt drive. This latter situation allows modelling the wheelground interaction for tractor driving wheels. The force measuring system positioned in the front of the carriage is used to measure the resistance force developed by the active part at the interaction interface of the agricultural equipment active part-ground. The force measuring system located at the rear of the carriage allows the measurement of the driving force developed by the driving tyre wheel.
Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LVIII (LXII), f. 4, 2012 257 The electrical equipment of the laboratory test rig is used to supply electrical power to the two electric motors. Variable-speed and braking is achieved by means of a frequency converter. Fig.1 – Laboratory test rig with soil channel for the active parts-soil and wheel-soil interaction study: a – longitu<strong>din</strong>al vertical plane view; b – horizontal plane view; c – vertical cross section view. The traction force is measured by the force transducer. This device measures and displays the tension in the towing cable that pulls the carriage back and forth, by means of two 1000 daN load cells (strain gauge load cells), provided with ball joints at both ends, which operate in tandem with a programmable state-of-the-art weighing controller. The electric motor for cable carriage towing has a power of 5.5 kW and a speed of 1000 rpm and the electric motor used to drive the carriage powered wheel has 3 kW, with a speed of 1000 rpm.The carriage travelling speed when it is towed by the means of the 5.5 kW electric motor is 0.5… 1.55 m/s (1.8… 5.58 km/h). The bin of the test rig was filled with a cambic chernozem soil, with a loam-clay texture, the size of the aggregates between 0.02… 50 mm and humidity of 17 to 19 %. 3. Results and Discussions The laboratory test rig for the study of the interaction between the tyre wheel and ground and between the active part and ground was tested in two stages . In the first stage, the laboratory test rig was tested in order to check the constructive-functional parameters imposed by design. It has been found that the designed and built laboratory rig has the following constructive-functional
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