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150 Anca Elena Eliza Sterpu and Anca Iuliana Dumitriu a) Combustion properties of rapeseed oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends were measured according to ASTM standards. According to the low values obtained for the absolute average deviations, it was found that simple mixing rules are suitable for predicting the combustion properties of rapeseed oil biodiesel–diesel blends as a function of biodiesel content (except the flash point). b) Density and viscosity of rapeseed oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends slightly increases with biodiesel content. c) Kay’s mixing rule is not suitable for predicting the effect of biodiesel content on the flash point values of the blend, because the blends flash point values were slightly decrease with the biodiesel content and for B100 the flash point value was 60% higher than diesel fuel flah point. d) Biodiesel has low heating value, 5.5% lower than diesel and calculated cetane index, about 16% higher. e) All distillation curves tend to intercept at a point (10% distilled percentage) which defines two zones with different behaviour. Before the interception point, distillation temperature increases with distilled percentage, while after this point the trend is reversed f) The ASTM D4737 produces a calculated cetane index of rapeseed oil biodiesel in better agreement with the reported cetane number than the corresponding to the ASTM D976. This result is most likely due to the fact that the former standard takes into account the particular characteristics of the distillation curve. REFERENCES Agarwal A.K., Biofuels (Alcohols and Biodiesel) Applications as Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 33, 3, 233-271 (2007). Benjumea P., Agudelo J., Agudelo A., Basic Properties of Palm Oil Biodiesel–diesel Blends. Fuel, 87, 12, 2069-2075 (2008). Canakci M., Combustion Characteristics of a Turbocharged DI Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Petroleum Diesel Fuels and Biodiesel. Bioresource Technology, 98, 6, 1167-1175 (2007). Clements D.L., Blending Rules for Formulating Biodiesel Fuel. Liquid Fuels and Industrial Products for Renewable Resources. Proceedings of the Third Liquid Fuels Conference American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Nashville TN., Sept. 15-17, 1996, pp. 44-53. Tat M .E., Van Gerpen J.H., The Kinematic Viscosity of Biodiesel and its Blends with Diesel Fuel. JAOCS, 76, 12, 1511-3 (1999). Tat M.E., Van Gerpen J.H., The Specific Gravity of Biodiesel and its Blends with Diesel Fuel. JAOCS, 77, 2, 115-9 (2000). Yuan W., Hansen A.C., Zhang Q., The Specific Gravity of Biodiesel Fuels and their Blends with Diesel Fuel. Agri. Eng. Int., CIGR J. Scientific Res. Div., Manuscript EE 4, 4, 1-11 (2004).
Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LVIII (LXII), f. 4, 2012 151 Zheng M., Mulenga M. C., Reader G. T., Wang M., Ting D. S-K., Tjong J., Biodiesel Engine Performance and Emissions in Low Temperature Combustion. Fuel, 87, 12, 714-722 (2008). REGULI DE AMESTECARE PENTRU PREDICŢIA PROPRIETǍŢILOR DE ARDERE ALE COMBUSTIBILILOR PENTRU MOTOARELE DIESEL ALE AUTOVEHICULELOR (Rezumat) Datoritǎ proprietǎţilor fizico-chimice diferite faţǎ de cele ale combustibilului dies el convenţional (motorina), biodieselul poate afecta injecţia de combustibil şi procesul de ardere, indiferent cǎ este în stare purǎ sau sub formǎ de amestec cu motorinǎ. Multe cercetǎri în domeniul combustiei, prezintǎ modele matematice complexe ce conţin drept principali parametri, proprietǎţi fizice ale combustibilului. Scopul acestei lucrǎri este de a evidenţia importanţa proprietǎtilor de ardere şi influenţa lor asupra performanţelor motorului cu combustie internǎ şi de asemenea de a propune o metodǎ de a determina proporţia volumetricǎ de biodiesel care prezintǎ cea mai eficientǎ comportare în motor. In acest scop au fost determinate experimental unele proprietǎţi cum ar fi: densitatea, vâscozitatea cinematicǎ, punctul de inflamare, puterea calorificǎ inferioarǎ, indicele cetanic calculat şi curbele de distilare STAS ale diferitelor amestecuri de biodiesel din ulei de rapiţǎ (Canola) cu motorinǎ (B0, B5, B10, B15, B20 şi B100), conform metodelor ASTM corespunzǎtoare. In acest scop au fost evaluate reguli simple de amestecare existente în literatura de specialitate ca funcţii ale fracţiei volumice de biodiesel în amestec. De asemenea au fost calculate valorile deviaţiei medii absolute (DMA) pentru verificarea aplicabilitǎţii regulilor de amestecare. În urma realizǎrii determinǎrilor experimentale şi calculelor s-a observat cǎ pentru predicţia proprietǎţilor de ardere ale combustibililor (B0, B5, B10, B15, B20 şi B100) se pot aplica reguli simple de amestecare ca funcţii ale compoziţiei şi proprietǎţilor combustibililor puri (B0 şi B100). Valorile DMA obţinute în acest caz sunt foarte scǎzute, fiind cuprinse în intervalul 0.05…4.39%. Excepţie de la aceastǎ situaţie face punctul de inflamare care nu poate fi determinat utilizând regulile de amestecare datoritǎ valorilor ridicate ale DMA obţinute în acest caz. Metoda ASTM D4737 pentru calculul indicelui cetanic este mai exactǎ decât metoda ASTM D976, ca urmare a utilizǎrii temperaturilor T10, T50 şi T90 din curba de distilare STAS a combustibilului în cazul metodei ASTM D4737.
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