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146 Anca Elena Eliza Sterpu and Anca Iuliana Dumitriu φ = V φ + V φ . (4) B ROB ROB B0B0 3.2.1. Viscosity. Fig. 1 shows the effect of biodiesel content on the viscosity of the blends. As can be seen in this figure, viscosity is directly proportional to biodiesel content. The AAD obtained using the selected mixing rule (Arrhenius-type equation) for estimating blend viscosity was 0.5%. Fig. 1 – Variation of blend kinematic viscosity with biodiesel content. 3.2.2. Density. The variation in blend density with biodiesel content is shown in Fig. 2. As was expected, density slightly increases with biodiesel content. The AAD value obtained using Kay’s mixing rule to estimate blend densities was 0.05%. Fig.2 – Variation of blend density with biodiesel content. 3.2.3. Heating Value. Low heating values (LHV) were determined, taking into account the ASTM D 4868 method. As can be seen in Fig. 3, the LHV of blends decreases in direct proportion to the biodiesel content. The AAD obtained using Kay’s mixing rule to estimate the LHV of blends was 0.12%.
Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LVIII (LXII), f. 4, 2012 147 Fig. 3 – Variation of blend low heating value with biodiesel conten t. 3.2.4. Flash Point. The flash point of a flammable liquid is that temperature, as determined under experimental conditions, at which the vapor pressure of the substance is sufficient to form a combustible mixture with air. The specific flash point value is generally measured by a flash point analyzer with closed cup test methods. For the blends tested (B5, B10, B15 and B20) the effect of biodiesel content on the flash point values of the blend was not significant, and the results obtained using ASTM D93 method were slightly decreases. For B100, the value of the flash point obtained was 60% higher than diesel fuel flash point. The AAD obtained using Kay’s mixing rule to estimate the flash point values of blends was 30.77%. Fig. 4 – Variation of blend flash point with biodiesel content. As can be seen from Fig.4. and the AAD value, the Kay’s mixing rule is not suitable for predicting the effect of biodiesel content on the flash point values of the blend.
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