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122 Eugen Rusu et al. Fig. 3 – Maximum temperature versus air fuel ratio. 5.3. BSFC Fig. 4 displays break specific fuel consumtion for gasoline and hydrogen. Ad<strong>din</strong>g hydrogen will reduce the fuel consumtion in both cases when the engine was normally aspirated and supercharced with p=1.3bar. When air fuel ratio reaches 1.5 bsfc remains at a constant value until air fuel ratio is 2. Fig. 4 – BSFC versus air fuel ratio.
Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LVIII (LXII), f. 4, 2012 123 5.4 NOx Emissions Fig. 5 shows the variations of NOx emissions with excess air ratio at different hydrogen volume fractions. NOx emissions depend on temperature and oxygen concentration in the cylinder. NOx emissions increases with the increase of hydrogen addition fraction. Although the hydrogen-enriched engine produces more NOx emissions when the excess air ratio is around stoichiometric conditions, NOx emissions for all hydrogen enrichment levels drop to acceptable value when the air fuel ratio is around 2. Fig. 5 – NOx emisions versus air fuel ratio. 5.5. HC Emissions HC emissions are mainly caused by the unburnt hydrocarbons in IC engines. Fig. 6 displays the profile of HC emissions at 3000 rpm. As it is shown in Fig. 6, although the λ increases, the decreased HC emissions go with the increase of hydrogen addition level, reflecting the capability of hydrogen enrichment on improving engine combustion. The explanation is that the increased oxygen concentration would help the fuel be completely burnt, and thus benefit reducing HC emissions at lean conditions (Rankin, 2008). The high flame speed of hydrogen also benefits the hydrogen–gasoline fuel mixture to be fully burnt and results in less HC emissions. Moreover, the short quenching distance of hydrogen permits the flame of the hydrogen–gasoline mixture to propagate much closer to the crevices such as the gaps between piston and cylinder wall than that of the pure gasoline, and thereby reduces HC emissions (Kahraman et al., 2009). To conclude, HC emissions at lean burn limit are gradually reduced with the increase of hydrogen addition fraction for the HHGE.
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