Some studies on the effect of putrescine, ascorbic - Ozean ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chatharanthus roseus L. and Abou Dahab and Abd El-Aziz (2006) on Philodendron erubescens, reported that spraying plants with the amino acid tryptophan increased plant growth. Rashad et al., (2002) on Capsicum annuum L. indicated that all used amino acids led to marked increase in leaves photosynthetic pigmentrs. Iman et al.,(2005) on Catharanthus roseus L. showed that photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in the leaves were increased as a result of application of tryptophan. Harridy (1986) on Catharanthus roseus L. and Abou Dahab and Abd El- Aziz (2006) on Philodendron erubescens found that foliar application of different amino acid treatments caused a significant increase in the content of total free amino acids. Talaat and Youssef (2002) on Ocimum basilicum L., Wahba et al., (2002) on Antholyza aethiopica and Abou Dahab and Abd El-Aziz (2006) on Philodendron erubescens indicated that application of the amino acids as a foliar spray caused an increase in the contents of total soluble sugars. The aim of this work to study the effect of amino acids phenylalanine and tryptophan, as well as their combinations, on the growth and chemical constituents of Antirrhinum majus plants and feasibility of using those chemical to improve plant quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pot experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 in experimental greenhouse of National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. It was intended to study the effect of foliar application of amino acids phenylalanine and tryptophan on the growth and chemical constituents of Antirrhinum majus L. plant. Snapdragon seeds were grown on pots filled with loamy soil in September of 2007 and 2008. Then, they were thinned to three seedlings per pot. Fertilization of the plants was carried out at the rate of 2 g calcium superphosphate (16.0 % P2O5), 2 g calcium nitrate (15.5 % N) and 1 g potassium sulphate (48-52 % K2O) per pot. Each pot was irrigated with one liter of tap water twice weekly. The plants were grown under natural conditions: 15-35 o C and 10-20 o C day and night temperatures, respectively, with 12-13 h photoperiod. The plants were sprayed with the two amino acids phenylalanine and tryptophan, (each concentration of 50 or 100 ppm) applied either separately, or in combinations (at concentrations of 50:50, 50:100, 100:50 and 100:100 ppm of phenylalanine and tryptophan, respectively), in addition to the untreated plants. The amino acids foliar spray treatments were applied one month after transplanting (on October 5 th in both seasons) and were repeated two times at one month intervals. The pots were arranged in a randomized complete blocks design, with 9 treatments (control plus eight amino acids treatments), replicated three times, with each replicate (block) consisting of 10 plants / treatment. For determination of growth parameters, two samples of plants were harvested, the first one at full vegetative stage (on February) and the second one at full flowering stage (0n April). The following data were recorded: plant height (cm) , number of branches, fresh and dry weights of plant (g) as well as length of inflorescence (cm), number of inflorescences/plant and fresh and dry weights of inflorescences/plant (g) were determined at different growth stages (vegetative and flowering stages, respectively). All previous data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance according to the method described by Snedecor and Cochran (1980). Treatment means compared by LSD test and the combined analysis of the two means was calculated according to the method of Steel and Torrie (1980). Fresh leaf samples were collected from plants receiving the different treatments and were chemical analyzed to determine their contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) using the method described by Saric et al., (1967). Leaf samples were dried and their contents of the total soluble sugars were determined according to Dubois et al.,(1956). The content of total free amino acids in leaves was determined according to Rosein (1957). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of phenylalanine, tryptophan and their interaction:- On growth stage: Treatments of Antirrhinum majus L. plants with the amino acids phenylalanine and tryptophan had a significant effect on growth parameters (Table 1) and(Figure 1). However, all growth parameters, plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weights of plant were increased by the different levels of phenylalanine and tryptophan as compared with the untreated plants. The positive effect of amino acids on yield may be due to the vital effect of these amino acids stimulation on the growth of plant 400
cells. The positive effect of amino acids on growth was stated by Goss (1973) who indicated that amino acids can serve as a source of carbon and energy when carbohydrates become deficient in the plant's amino acids are determinate, releasing the ammonia and organic acid form which the amino acid was originally formed. The organic acids then enter the Kerb's cycle, to be broken down to release energy through respiration. Thon et al.,(1981) pointed out that amino acids provide plant cells with an immediately available source of nitrogen, which generally can be taken by the cells more rapidly than inorganic nitrogen. Similar increases in growth parameters as a result of amino acids treatments have been previously observed by several investigators on a number of plant species, Gamal El-Din et al.,(1997) on lemon grass, Talaat and youssef (2002) on basil plant, El-Fawakhry and El-Tayeb (2003) on Chrysabthemum, Mona and Iman (2005) on Pelargonium graveolens plant and Nahed and Balbaa (2007) on Salvia farinacea plants, they found that amino acids significantly increased vegetative growth. Data presented in Table (1) showed also that foliar spray of Antirrhinum majus L. plant with phenylalanine (100 ppm) combined with tryptophan (100 ppm) resulted in the tallest plants. It is also clear from the obtained data that foliar spray of snapdragon plants with 100 ppm phenylalanine combined with 100 ppm tryptophan resulted in highest pronounced effects on number of branches as well as fresh and dry weights of plants in growth stages. These results coincided with those obtained Mona and Iman (2005) on Pelargonium graveolens L. and Abou Dahab and Abd El-Aziz (2006) on Philodendron erubescens plant. Table (1) Effect of phenylalanine, tryptophan and their interaction on growth of Anterrhinum majus L. during two stages (vegetative & flowering) (mean of two seasons) Treatments (ppm) Control Plant height No. of branches Vegetative Flowering F.W of plant 401 D.W of plant Plant height No. of branches F.W of plant cm gm cm gm Effect of Phenylalanine D.W of plant 58.28 10 78.26 12.59 83.33 14.67 151.27 38.1 Phynyl.50 59.56 11.56 87.12 12.43 84.78 16.33 155.55 40.74 Phynyl.100 63.39 13.22 95.62 15.09 91 18.22 180.09 47.68 LSD 5% 1.62 0.87 2.68 0.9 2.07 0.97 8.35 1.18 Control Effect of Tryptophan 55.44 8.22 70.49 1084 81.22 15.22 150.63 38.91 Tryp. 50 59.78 11.56 88.79 13.59 85.89 15.56 163.48 41.81 Tryp. 100 66 15 101.72 16.68 92 18.44 172.79 45.8 LSD 5% 1.62 0.87 2.68 0.9 2.07 0.97 8.35 1.18 Control Effect of Interaction 50.5 6.33 56.07 9.53 71.33 12.33 115.8 27.33 Tryp. 50 58 9 77.97 11.77 89.33 14.67 164.2 41.35 Tryp. 100 66.33 14.67 100.73 16.47 89.33 17 173.83 45.6 Phynyl.50 57.33 8.67 70.8 11 77.67 14 140.53 37.06 Phynyl.100 58.5 9.67 84.6 12 94.67 19.33 195.57 52.33 Phynyl.50+Tryp. 50 60 12 91.07 12.9 89.7 18 180.5 46.47 Phynyl.50+Tryp.100 61.33 14 99.5 16.4 87 17 145.6 38.69 Phynyl.100+Trup.50 61.33 13.67 97.33 16.1 81.3 13.67 145.74 37.6 Phynyl.100+Tryp.100 70.33 16.33 104.93 17.17 99.7 21.33 198.96 55.16 LSD 5% 2.81 1.51 4.65 1.57 3.58 1.68 14.47 2.04
Page 1: Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 2
Page 5 and 6: Table (2) Effect of phenylalanine,
Page 7 and 8: Table (3) Effect of phenylalanine,
Page 9: Nahed, G. Abd El-Aziz and Laila, K.

Some studies on the effect of putrescine, ascorbic - Ozean ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?