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254 Roberto Lopez et al.
a handpiece for the drilling tests to keep it as centred as possible from the load
transducer from which it will hang.
To hold the handpiece we built a device, made from aluminum, which could
both, hold the handpiece and also attach it to the machine that generates the
force, as seen in figure 2.
Fig. 2 – Surgical motor attached to the force generating machine.
• Testing Machine
For the movement generating we used a Shimadzu Precision Universal
Tester machine, model AG-100KNIS-MO. It is a floor model with two
columns, able to work with speed tests of 0.5 µm at 1000 mm/min, according to
the manufacturer. The setting up can be seen in Figure 1.
• Drills
Tool used for drilling the bone is a cobalt drill bit for metals. Such a drill bit
is not very different in shape from the ones used in dental surgery and dental
implants. Also the material it is made of is very similar to the materials used for
the dental drill bits. The difference in temperatures between the drill bits we
used and the dental drill bits should not be very different. The point of this test
is to measure the temperature of bone drilling using thermology, so for that
matter, the drill bits used for the tests should be as good as others. The drill bit
used in the tests is 2.22 mm in diameter. It is cylindrical straight and has two
lips. Drills can be seen in figure 3.
Fig. 3 – Drill used in test.
• Bone
For the tests we have used cow bone, specifically the femur. It is a fresh
bone bought the previous day in a local market. The cow bone characteristics