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198 Ilare Bordeasu et al. Fig. 1 – The 3D shaft model, obtained with the INVENTOR program [initiation]. 2. Estimation of Fatigue Crack Propagation for Variable Stresses with Constant Amplitudes For the selected axial hydraulic turbine (Power plant Iron Gates II) the shaft presents the following characteristics [1]: a) the initial crack occurs in the joining zone between the shaft flange (for coupling with the hydraulic runner) and the shaft body, fig. 2; b) in order to obtain the needed data we choose the AISI 1020 steel [6] instead of the actual used 20ГC steel [7]; both steels have almost the same mechanical characteristics but for the AISI 1020 we found all the supplementary characteristics needed for fatigue tests; c) the shaft dimensions are: length 7572 mm, maximum diameter 2300 mm, the main shaft body, between flanges, has an external diameter of 1200 mm and an internal one of 600 mm; d) according with the ANSIS program (Fig. 3), till crack initiation, the minimum number of cycles was 3,0139 10 8 , corresponding to 80,370 running hours. a) Deep circumferential cracks b) Cracks network Fig.2 – Cracks in the joining zone between the runner flange and the main shaft body.
Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LVI (LX), f. 2, 2010 199 Fig. 3 – Number of cycles till crack initiation. Usually, together with the increase of stress level is enhanced also the fatigue crack propagation speed. As a result, the propagation of the crack speed can be correlated with the variation of the stress intensity factor da ΔK, = f ( ΔK) , Fig. 4. dN Fig. 4 – Variation of crack propagation speed as a function of stress intensity variation.
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BULETINUL INSTITUTULUI POLITEHNIC D
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