Annotated list of references on Iceland spar and polarized light
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Annotated list of references on Iceland spar and polarized light

Annotated list of references on Iceland spar and polarized light Annotated list of references on Iceland spar and polarized light

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studies on chemical processes. O. Wallach, Chem. 1910, was awarded the prize for his work on terpene and camphor compounds from plants, including optical activity measurements. The research ong>ofong> R.A. Zsigmondy, Chem. 1925, on colloids which included observations ong>ofong> light scattering and polarization, was preceded by his studies on colored glasses (see Zsigmondy 1901, Siedentopf and Zsigmondy 1903). Zsigmondy’s investigations in turn inspired the work by J.B. Perrin, Phys. 1926, on the structure ong>ofong> matter. H. Euler, Chem. 1929, employed polarimeters in some ong>ofong> his research on fermentation. Several Nobel prizes in Chemistry have been awarded for discoveries which relied to some extent on results from previous work employing polarimeters, polarization photometers etc., such as those ong>ofong> A. v. Baeyer 1905, E. Buchner 1907, R. Willstätter 1915, H.O. Wieland 1928, A. Windaus 1928, A. Harden 1929, and later W.N. Haworth 1937, R. Robinson 1947, C.F. and G.T. Cori also 1947, etc. As an example, a synthesis ong>ofong> the optically active compound ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), first carried out by Haworth, starts from sorbose or other sugars whose structure was clarified by E. Fischer. Fischer also studied nucleic acids and polypeptides, as mentioned in A. Kossel’s lecture upon receiving the 1910 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for research on these compounds. The same applies to some Physics prizes, such as that ong>ofong> A. Kastler 1966: it was awarded for work which began around 1930 and concerned the polarization ong>ofong> resonance radiation, Raman-scattered light etc. 4. Nobel prize winners who published papers on work involving polarized light or calcite, but received their prizes for discoveries in different fields: prominent among these are W.C. Röntgen, Phys. 1901; H. Becquerel, Phys. 1903; Rayleigh, Phys. 1904; J.J. Thomson, Phys. 1906; A.A. Michelson, Phys. 1907; R.A. Millikan, Phys. 1923. Further: M. Born who received the Physics prize in 1954 wrote important papers and books on crystal optics, the Kerr effect, and optical activity (e.g. Born 1935). J.H. van’t Hong>ofong>f, Chem. 1901, put organic chemistry on a new foundation by his suggestion (Hong>ofong>f, 1874) that optical activity ong>ofong> asymmetric carbon-containing molecules is due to threedimensional bonds. W. Ostwald, Chem. 1909, used the interference ong>ofong> polarized light in his later influential studies on color perception. W. Nernst, Chem. 1920, wrote a wellknown paper with P. Drude on the polarization ong>ofong> standing light waves, and also papers where a Wanner pyrometer with Nicol prisms was employed. Both N. Bohr, Phys. 1922, J. Franck and G. Hertz, Phys. 1925, W. Heisenberg, Phys. 1932, and E. Fermi, Phys. 1938 wrote on polarized fluorescence, resonance radiation and related topics. R. Kuhn, Chem. 1938 did some ong>ofong> his prize-winning work on carotenes with a polarimeter, as well as research on mutarotation, fermentation and amygdalin derivatives in the early 1920s. A. Gullstrand, Physiology or Medicine 1911, described some ophthalmological work with the aid ong>ofong> Nicol prisms. O. Warburg, Physiology or Medicine 1931, began his scientific career with research on optically active organic compounds with E. Fischer. F.W. Aston, Chem. 1922, began his career by writing on a similar topic with P.F. Frankland. P. Karrer, Chem. 1937, did his doctoral research on cobalt complexes with A. Werner and later carried out various studies (on polysaccarides, vitamins, tannins, glucosides, alkaloids etc.) where polarimeters were employed. 118

H. Kamerlingh Onnes, Phys. 1913, provided facilities e.g. for P. Zeeman and J. Becquerel in their researches on magneto-optics. E.O. Lawrence, Phys. 1939, assisted F.G. Dunnington and others in their work with electro-optic Kerr cells in the 1920’s. 119

H. Kamerlingh Onnes, Phys. 1913, provided facilities e.g. for P. Zeeman <strong>and</strong> J.<br />

Becquerel in their researches <strong>on</strong> magneto-optics. E.O. Lawrence, Phys. 1939, assisted<br />

F.G. Dunningt<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> others in their work with electro-optic Kerr cells in the 1920’s.<br />

119

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