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F. Cervone - Plant innate immunity: cell wall-mediated signalling and recognition in plant defense<br />
OGs, resistance to fungal infection is suppressed by<br />
exogenous auxin, whereas sensitivity to auxin of PG<br />
plants is reduced in different bioassays. The altered<br />
plant defense responses and auxin sensitivity in PG<br />
plants may reflect an increased accumulation of OGs<br />
and subsequent antagonism of auxin action.<br />
Alternatively, it may be a consequence of perturbations<br />
of cellular physiology and elevated defense status<br />
as a result of altered cell wall architecture.<br />
A way of altering pectin susceptibility to hydrolysis<br />
by microbial endopolygalacturonases is the constitutive<br />
expression of specific protein inhibitors of<br />
pectin methylesterases (the genes AtPMEI-1 and<br />
AtPMEI-2 of Arabidopsis thaliana). The overexpression<br />
of the inhibitors decreases PME activity and<br />
increases the degree of pectin methylesterification by<br />
about 16%. Transformed plants show a slight but significant<br />
increase in root length and are more resistant<br />
to Botrytis cinerea. The reduced symptoms caused by<br />
the fungus on transgenic plants are related to its<br />
impaired ability to grow on methylesterified pectins.<br />
80<br />
Selected publications<br />
Ferrari S, Galletti R, Denoux C, De Lorenzo G,<br />
Ausubel FM, Dewdney J. Resistance to Botrytis<br />
cinerea induced in Arabidopsis by elicitors is independent<br />
of salicylic acid, ethylene, or jasmonate signaling<br />
but requires PHYTOALEXIN DEFI-<br />
CIENT3. Plant Physiology 2007, 144:367-79.<br />
Lionetti V, Raiola A, Camardella L, Giovane A, Obel<br />
N, Pauly M, Favaron F, Cervone F, Bellincampi D.<br />
Overexpression of pectin methylesterase inhibitors<br />
in Arabidopsis restricts fungal infection by Botrytis<br />
cinerea. . Plant Physiology 2007, 143:1871-80.<br />
Ferrari S, Galletti R, Pontiggia D, Manfredini C,<br />
Lionetti V, Bellincampi D, Cervone F, De Lorenzo G.<br />
Transgenic expression of a fungal endo-polygalacturonase<br />
increases plant resistance to pathogens and<br />
reduces auxin sensitivity. Plant Physiology 2008,<br />
146:669-81.