You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Percent<br />
Special Features<br />
Figure 2: Effects of increasing co-product level and<br />
crude protein level on jowl omega-3 fatty acid content<br />
10<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
8<br />
6<br />
4<br />
2<br />
0<br />
d<br />
ab<br />
Low Co-P Mid Co-P High Co-P Low Co-P Mid Co-P High Co-P<br />
48 | Western Hog Journal | Winter 2012<br />
b<br />
Figure 3: Effects of increasing co-product inclusion<br />
and feed crude protein level on feed cost, cost/kg<br />
gained and income over feed cost<br />
Feed cost, CAD cents/kg gain IOFC* CAD/pig<br />
d<br />
d<br />
c<br />
c<br />
a<br />
Low Co-P<br />
Mid Co-P<br />
High Co-P<br />
a<br />
b b a<br />
acids. The co-products replaced barley, wheat and soybean<br />
meal in phased diets. The effects of these dietary treatments<br />
on growth performance, carcass traits, jowl fatty acid content<br />
and feed cost were evaluated<br />
This commercial-scale study was conducted at the Drumloche<br />
test barn located at Lougheed, AB. In total, 1056 35-kg<br />
crossbred pigs (Duroc sire x Large White/Landrace dams)<br />
housed 22/pen were fed 1 of 6 regimens involving a coproduct<br />
level and CP level combination over 4 growth phases<br />
for a total of 8 replicate pens per feed regimen.<br />
Pigs were weighed at the start and end of each feeding<br />
phase (day 0 to 13, day 14 to 38, day 39 to 59, day 60 until<br />
slaughter weight) and pen feed disappearance was tracked<br />
to calculate average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily<br />
gain (ADG) and feed conversion. After slaughter at 118 kg<br />
the eviscerated warm carcasses were weighed and graded<br />
and jowl samples were collected from 2 pigs per pen for<br />
fatty acid analysis.<br />
Results<br />
Increasing co-product inclusion decreased both ADFI and<br />
ADG of pigs for the entire study and also body weight (BW)<br />
at day 86 (Figure 1/Table 1). This performance reduction<br />
happened with increasing Co-P level from low to mid, but<br />
not further from mid to high level. For the overall study, pigs<br />
fed low Co-P level and low CP feed had 10% greater ADG<br />
than pigs fed high Co-P level and regular CP feed. The others<br />
pigs performed according to increasing Co-P level. The same<br />
reduction was observed for ADFI with the difference also<br />
being 10%. However, feed conversion was not affected by<br />
Co-P level, except for the first growth phase (d 0 to 13).<br />
“Increasing co-product level from low to<br />
high reduced feed cost by 10% and 14%<br />
for reduced and regular crude protein<br />
feed, respectively”<br />
The level of Co-P and CP level interacted, affecting carcass<br />
characteristics and days to slaughter (Table 1). Generally,<br />
increasing the feed Co-P level from low to mid decreased<br />
carcass traits and days to slaughter, but a further increase<br />
from mid to high Co-P level resulted in more pronounced<br />
effects for hogs fed the regular rather than the reduced feed<br />
CP level.<br />
Increasing feed Co-P level from low to high inclusion<br />
increased jowl omega-3 fatty acid content by 82% (Figure<br />
2). Decreasing feed CP level did not affect omega-3 fatty<br />
acid content.