SDI Convergence - Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie - KNAW

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Over the last few years, important in-depth analyses concerning geographic metadata were carried out, and several technical guidelines were delivered. Internationally, ISO19115 (ISO, 2003) and ISO19119 (ISO, 2005) standards, INSPIRE Implementing Rules (IR) (Drafting Team Metadata, 2007) and the European Commission Regulation 1205/2008 have been published. In Italy, operational guidelines have been delivered by the Italian national authority for geographic data (CNIPA, Centro Nazionale per l’Informatica nella Pubblica Amministrazione). In 2006, CNIPA has delivered two drafts of technical guidelines (CNIPA, 2006a; CNIPA, 2006b) for creating and updating a National Register of Spatial Data (Repertorio Nazionale dei Dati Territoriali, RNDT). The RNDT should collect metadata of all geographic data produced by the Italian public administrations, in order to create a national catalogue. The drafts explained the metadata organisation that Public Administrations should adopt to feed the RNDT. They contained the mandatory plus some optional fields of the EN ISO19115:2005 core set of metadata. Therefore, in SITR-IDT all metadata were structured according to the ISO19115 standard. In October 2007, the INSPIRE Draft IRs for Metadata, Version 3, were published. With their implementation in December 2008, CNIPA delivered the draft Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers ‘Regulation governing the definition of the content of the National Register of Spatial Data, as well as the modalities of establishment and update of the latter’. This draft descended almost completely from the 2006 drafts. The only change was that this final version fully implemented the INSPIRE metadata IR, giving further restrictions concerning multitude and obligation and adding some further fields. First, this article explains the geographic data organisation in IntesaGIS. Then the metadata organisation in SITR-IDT and the requirements of regional authorities for metadata are provided and a tool to manage metadata proposed. This metadata manager should help to create, collect, and manage metadata at the appropriate levels of a Spatial Data Infrastructure, including the regional level. 2. INTESAGIS GEOGRAPHIC DATA ORGANISATION ‘IntesaGIS’ laid down a hierarchical organisation of geographic data; according to this schema, data were classified in a pyramidal structure constituted by Layers, Themes and Classes. In particular, Classes coincided with the most atomic data level (usually corresponding to the shapefile), while Themes were aggregations of Classes, and Layers were aggregations of Themes. Initially, in SITR-IDT metadata organisation followed strictly the hierarchical data organisation of ‘IntesaGIS’. The individuation of Series, Dataset and Tiles according to the schema reported in Figure 1 descended almost naturally. However, it must be clear that the ‘IntesaGIS’ guidelines concerned geographic data structure, while no rules concerning metadata organisation were given. 3. CHANGES IN SITR-IDT METADATA ORGANISATION Some changes are going to be done in the near future in SITR-IDT metadata organisation, in order to fulfil the following requirements: a) possibility of organising metadata out of the strictly hierarchical schema of ‘IntesaGIS’; 152
) definition of a metadata organisation suitable with the requirements coming from the daily database management, and c) compliance with CNIPA guidelines. These questions will be better explained in subsection 3.2 (points a and b), and subsection 3.3 (point c). Figure 1: Correspondence between data structure and metadata hierarchy in SITR-IDT, according to ‘IntesaGIS’ data organisation. 3.1 Current metadata organisation in SITR-IDT In SITR-IDT, metadata of several cartographic products were successfully organised according to the hierarchical structure of ‘IntesaGIS’. For instance, metadata of Sardinian Regional Technical Map were organised with the following criteria: – the whole Regional Technical Map (as a cartographic product) constituted a Series; – the single sections of the cartographic product, produced in different periods or covering different areas, coincided with Datasets, and – further divisions of the sections into geographic areas where catalogued as tiles. This metadata schema, following the concept of ‘dataset and series’ laid down by ISO19115, avoids the repetition of several metadata, which, due to the data typology, occurred several times in the whole cartographic product. For instance, different production sections of the Regional Technical Map (each of them constituting a Dataset) shared the same metadata concerning scope and use of the map, lineage, authors, points of contact, and similar information. Therefore, joining these datasets in a series avoided the repetition of those metadata shared by all of them. Following the same structure, metadata of the Sardinian Regional Topographic Database were effectively organised. This spatial database, which contained the data of the Regional Technical Map organised in an RDBMS, was built according to the ‘IntesaGIS’ data specifications. For this product, the hierarchical metadata schema was easily identifiable and fitted very well with the data model, which was the following (see Figure 2): 153
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SDI Convergence Research, Emerging
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SDI Convergence. Research, Emerging
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An Integrated Framework for the Imp
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Peer Review Board for SDI Convergen
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domain are or may become important
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Services taking advantage of multip
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changes that have taken place in th
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The Potential of a National Atlas a
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tion, the Royal Netherlands Geograp
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challenge for the National Atlas Fo
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experience 'instant satisfaction' u
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data are found offered by the data
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spread of flora and fauna, especial
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Spatial Data Infrastructure of Spai
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ecords managed through the services
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esult of applying GUI production ru
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28 Table 1: Mapping between OGC Cap
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30 Figure 4: Online metadata editio
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been
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Public Sector Geo Web Services: Whi
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Figure 1: Serving geo-information u
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nue. With an increasing number of m
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3.2 Types of business models Malone
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Not all revenue models described by
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uses this model to finance large-sc
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of web service (WMS, WFS/WCS, WIS,
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REFERENCES Anderson, C. (2008). Fre
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INTERVIEWS Jellema, M., DataLand, R
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gion, aware of the INSPIRE context,
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3.3 International activities on man
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use happens when the final user wil
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Geolicences implementation has draw
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Spatial Information Council (2008).
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make it hard for citizens and civil
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66 Figure 2: Prototype to test navi
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”Member States may limit public a
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sor is dragged further into the pro
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cause changes in Dutch and regional
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Hoekstra, R., Winkels R.G.F. and Hu
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The use of location-based informati
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tion which does not measure a perso
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important role (Dobson and Fisher,
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camera surveillance on a public roa
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Furthermore, the Court gave a numbe
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ECtHR (2003a). Peck v. The United K
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Harmonising and Integrating Two Dom
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ing and integrating these two domai
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Table 1: Differences in background
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Figure 1: Examples of IMGeo data (c
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Concept Table 4: Same concept, diff
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Some differences are not clear from
Page 109 and 110: Such homogenous classes will also a
Page 111 and 112: BMT classes, which contain all info
Page 113 and 114: phy, both illustrated with UML exam
Page 115 and 116: An Analysis of Technology Choices f
Page 117 and 118: The objectives of this article are
Page 119 and 120: 3. THE COMPARTIMOS REFERENCE MODEL
Page 121 and 122: sufficiently simple to allow repres
Page 123 and 124: same implementation of a geospatial
Page 125 and 126: 5. RESULTS Through the development
Page 127 and 128: Di L., Chen A., Yang W., Liu Y., We
Page 129 and 130: SDI and Metadata Entry and Updating
Page 131 and 132: A critical problem for metadata col
Page 133 and 134: 2.1.8 Functionalities A MET must al
Page 135 and 136: Collection of related documents Sta
Page 137 and 138: well as more enhanced tools to impr
Page 139 and 140: access to geo-referenced databases,
Page 141 and 142: metadata and spatial data is new an
Page 143 and 144: Phillips, A. and Williamson, I. P.
Page 145 and 146: A Prototype Metadata Tool for Land
Page 147 and 148: data and grid computing infrastruct
Page 149 and 150: model elements it becomes possible
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2: Overview of the system co
Page 153 and 154: 1. selection of a model; 2. provisi
Page 155 and 156: the tool is deployed more widely us
Page 157 and 158: Chan, T., Beverly C., Ebert, S., Ga
Page 159: Implementation of Recent Metadata D
Page 163 and 164: 3.2 Definition of a metadata schema
Page 165 and 166: This is just an example of how comp
Page 167 and 168: 6. CONCLUSIONS The Public Administr
Page 169 and 170: An Integrated Framework for the Imp
Page 171 and 172: 2.1 Six Sigma Six Sigma is one of t
Page 173 and 174: However, the traditional methods of
Page 175 and 176: The fifth element for BSC design is
Page 177 and 178: Table 2: Strengths and weaknesses o
Page 179 and 180: Camp, R. C. (1989). Benchmarking: T
Page 181 and 182: Nedovic-Budic, Z., Feeney, M.E.F.,
Page 183 and 184: The Value Chain Approach to Evaluat
Page 185 and 186: The definition of assessment strate
Page 187 and 188: There may be several activities per
Page 189 and 190: The complexity of work, which was r
Page 191 and 192: Figure 5: Secondary interface: orga
Page 193 and 194: on investments. More importantly, i
Page 195 and 196: Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Adva
Page 197 and 198: Evaluation of Spatial Information T
Page 199 and 200: fully digital nationwide spatial da
Page 201 and 202: satellite imagery, digital vector d
Page 203 and 204: lic) and the National Mapping Agenc
Page 205 and 206: - Secondary spatial data available,
Page 207 and 208: Figure 1: Technical progress of SDI
Page 209 and 210: Khan, J. (2007). Karachi Master Pla
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Philippines http://www.geoinfo.ait.
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Local Government and SDI - Understa
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Australia, like many developed coun
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Table 1: Structure of the LGA quest
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(p
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Table 3: Results of multiple regres
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The role of local government in bui
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McDougall, K., A. Rajabifard and I.
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Changing Notions of a Spatial Data
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Table 1: Differences between GeoWeb
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The concept of spatially enabled go
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applications field and also in term
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The discussion in the fifth section
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Cooperation - a Key Factor for Sust
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appears at low levels and can seek
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Many of the problems of a non-techn
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4.4 Important aspects As cooperatio
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level’ within and between organis
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Seamless SDI Model - Bridging the G
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tuaries and oceans (Plunkett, 2001)
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Figure 2: Seamless administration s
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Figure 5: Seamless platform. A seam
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4.2 Standards SDI must be based on
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One more concern linked to the esta
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structures that not only do not yet
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The RRR Toolbox: a Conceptual Model
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curring in the present must not com
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databases and web mapping services.
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Principles, Institutional Principle
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The commonalities between SDIs and
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Mooney, J. D. and Grant, D. M. (199
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Building SDI Bridges for Catchment
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approaches. TCM is a holistic appro
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hierarchy namely; the umbrella view
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tions and practices in South Africa
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Figure 2: Conceptual framework: App
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In the Murray Darling Basin, there
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REFERENCES Australian Bureau of Sta
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Rajabifard, A., M.-E.F. Feeney and
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